Polar Urals. Pai Hoi Mountain Range Pai Hoi on the map

Pai-Khoi is an old, heavily destroyed mountain range in the center of the Yugra Peninsula, stretching about 200 km from the northern part of the Polar Urals to the Yugorsky Shar Strait. Part of the ridge is located on Vaygach Island, separating the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea.

The highest point of the ridge is Mount Moreiz (467 m above sea level). Pai Khoi is composed of crystalline shales and sedimentary sandstone rocks, marls and limestones.

COAST OF THE KARA SEA Pai-Khoi Ridge

The vegetation is represented by rocky mountain tundra, lower on the slopes - moss-lichen, grassy, ​​and less often - shrub tundra. 1853).

She also described the ethnography of the region. The Yugorsky Peninsula is a large peninsula in the extreme northeast of Europe, between the Barents and Kara Seas, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region of Russia.

TALATAYAKHA RIVER - PAI-KHOI

Geography The area of ​​the peninsula is about 18 thousand km². Basically, the territory of the Yugra Peninsula is an undulating plain (up to 200 m high). Marine (in coastal areas) and glacial deposits are widely developed here. The central part of the peninsula is occupied by the Pai Khoi ridge (Mount Moreiz, up to 467 m high). Climate The climate is subarctic.

Winter on the peninsula is long (up to 7 months), summer is short and cool (average temperature in January is −20 °C, July is +7 °C). Precipitation is about 300 mm per year.

The largest river of the peninsula is the Bolshoi Oyu. The predominant plants on the peninsula are moss, lichen and polygonal tundras. The port of Amderma is located in the north of the peninsula. The population density is low. The indigenous population, the Nenets, also includes Russians.

VAYGACH ISLAND Vaigach is an island on the border of the Barents and Kara seas, administratively belongs to the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region.

It is separated from the continent by the narrow Yugorsky Shar Strait and from Novaya Zemlya by the Kara Gate Strait. Area - 3.4 thousand km². The surface is flat, with two parallel ridges, with a maximum height of up to 157 m (Mount Bolvanskaya). It is composed of clayey shales, sandstones and limestones.

The vegetation is tundra. There are many lakes and swamps. Pai Khoi Ridge

On the island there is the village of Varnek (as of January 2012, 23 houses, 106 people), several Nenets sanctuaries have been preserved. “Vai Khabts” translated from Nenets means “island of terrible destruction” or “land of death.” In 1921, the expedition of N.A. Kulik discovered polymetallic ores in the southwestern part of the island.

Since 1930, geological research was continued by the Vaygach expedition of the OGPU under the command of F. I. Eichmann, the former deputy head of SLON.

The scientific part of the work was headed by prisoner P.V. Wittenburg, a famous geologist and geographer, professor. During excavations of a pagan sacrificial site on Cape Bolvansky Nos, a silver frame from a stone icon of the shape characteristic of Belozersk stone icons was discovered - with rounded upper corners.

The song of the same name by Alexander Gorodnitsky is dedicated to Vaygach Island. ______________________________________________________________

EXPANSES OF TUNDRA IN THE POLAR URAL - PAI KHOI
Pai Hoi Mountain Range

Pai-Khoy is a low mountain range that extends from the extreme northern part of the Polar Urals to the NNW and continues to the Yugorsky Shar Strait. Between Pai-Khoi and the Polar Urals there are a number of intermediate hills. The length of Pai-Khoi is more than 200 km, the height is 200-400 m above sea level. The highest mountain is More-Iz (467 m).

Physiographically, Pai-Khoi occupies the left bank of the Kara River and the Yugorsky Peninsula; administratively, it is located on the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region. A lengthy discussion about whether Pai-Khoi is an independent ridge, a continuation of the Urals, its lateral branch, or even related in origin to the Timan Ridge, ended only in the middle of the current century. After the geological structure of Pai-Khoi and the Polar Urals was carefully studied, it turned out that these geographical areas are directly connected and Pai-Khoi should be considered the northwestern extension of the Urals, a link in the single Ural-Novaya Zemlya folded region.

In terms of its orographic structure, Pai Khoi is a rather complex mountainous country, consisting of several parallel mountain ranges and adjacent plateaus. This entire territory belongs to the tundra zone, among which there are gently sloping peaks with rocky scatterings and sometimes cliffs. The dismemberment of Pai-Khoi and the erasure of its forms have been repeatedly emphasized by researchers. E.K. Hoffman wrote that Pai Khoi “is a series of unconnected, rounded and turf-covered mountains, on which rocky caps are visible only in some places...”.

Pai-Khoi is described in approximately the same way by S.V. Kertselli, who pointed out that this ridge “does not represent a continuous mountain chain,” but is a series of “individual narrow ones, elongated along the line of erosion of the entire ridge , low hillocks.” The local population is well aware of the orographic dissection of Pai-Khoi. So, according to Kertselli, the “deer hunters” distinguish between the Big Kamen - the central part of the ridge, the Maly Kamen (among the Komi - Dzola-Iz) - its extreme southern ridge, the Sea Ridge - part of Pai-Khoi from Mount Morepai to Yugorsky Shar.

The geographical name Pai-Khoi should have been written Pe-Khoi, but the traditional form was established, coming from A.I. Shrenk and E.K. Hoffman. For the first time this name was apparently witnessed by Schrenk during his famous trip to the Polar Urals in 1837.

He writes that the Samoyeds (Nenets) call the western continuation of the Urals Paygoy, that is, the “Rocky Ridge,” and the Western Samoyeds (obviously the Kanin and Malozemelsky Nenets) call it Khabiygoy, that is, the “Ostyak Ridge,” because the Ostyaks roam around it ( Khanty). Somewhat later, the name Pai-Khoi, translating it as “Stone Ridge”, was repeatedly cited by Hoffman, the leader of the Northern Ural expedition of 1847-1850, who, like Schrenck, personally visited these places and received first-hand information - from their guides Nenets and Komi-Zyryans (Izhemtsev).

Pai Khoi Ridge

The explanation of the name Pai-Khoi, which we find in Schrenk and Hoffmann, must be considered the only correct one: Nenets pe - “stone”, “rock”, khoi - “mountain”, “ridge”, therefore, Pai-Khoi is really translated into Russian means "Stone Ridge".

The transfer of the Nenets pe to the Russians was explained by Hoffmann, who wrote that the Nenets pae is pronounced almost the same as the Russian pai. Schrenk also conveys Nenets pe to Russian pai and, in addition, notes the voicing of p in b after the nasal consonant m, which appears in place of the voiced glottal stop - Peum-bai, Suvvumbai, etc. Indeed, in the Nenets word pe the vowel is pronounced quite close to the Russian a in combination with e, sometimes also with the adjective i.

Since Pai-Khoi is covered with stony tundra with rocks, the explanation of oroni-ma, which was given by Schrenk and Hoffman, satisfies all the requirements, however, another etymology has recently been proposed - “Oblique ridge”, taking into account the Nenets pai - “ crooked”, “oblique” (see “Dictionary of terms 2* and other words found in Nenets geographical names”). This etymology is erroneous. Another Pae-Khoi - “Stone Ridge” (for Russians - Stone) is located in the northern part of the Kanin Peninsula.

This ridge is not high, but also rocky, and in places rocky. The oronymy of Pai-Khoi initially consisted exclusively of Nenets names, as shown in the works of A. I. Shrenk and E. K-Hoffman, as well as on the map of the famous Hungarian traveler A. Reguli, who visited the Pai-Khoi area in 1844. However, at present, the Pai-Khoi oronymic system, reflected in cartographic sources, has changed greatly. In these places, back in the 19th century, the Komi-Zyryans (Izhemtsy) began to regularly graze deer. Later, they constantly performed the duties of guides of topographical and geological expeditions. As a result, some Nenets names were completely or partially translated into the Komi language (cf., for example, Kuz-Iz).

Fishing on the rivers of the Pai Khoi ridge

The oronymy of Pai-Khoi is divided into two regions: northeastern and central Pai-Khoi (north of the Oyu River) and southwestern Pai-Khoi (south of the Oyu River). More-Iz, the highest mountain on Pai Khoi (467 m). It is located near the left bank of the Talota River, 70 km ESE from the Yugorsky Shar Strait. The history of this name is very instructive. Primary in this case, as always on Pai-Khoi, is the Nenets name Vasaimbai, attested by Shrenk and explained by him from the words of informants as “Old Man’s Rock”, “Old Man’s Rock”.

In the Nenets language vesako - “old man”, vesey - “old”, “wise”, the component “bai” is a variant of the geographical term pai, which conveys the Nenets pe - “stone”, “rock” (for more details, see Pai-Khoi). Attentive to all details, Schrenk also notes that Vasaimbay “apparently is higher than all the mountains lying in the vicinity” and that from this peak the Kara Sea is visible. The last circumstance is important for understanding the further fate of the oronym.

Pai Khoi Ridge
Hoffmann's expedition in the middle of the 19th century also recorded the Nenets name, albeit in slightly different forms - Vozai-Pai with an inaccurate translation “Gray Mountain” and Vasai-Pai, Vasai-Pai - “Mountain of the Elders”. Based on the last two forms, it is easy to reconstruct the Nenets sound of the oronym - Vesey-Pe. However, in all cases, Hoffman also cites the Komi-Zyryan name of the mountain More-Pai with the characteristic addition that the Komi-Zyryans call this peak “half in Russian, half in Samoyed - Sea-Pai, because from its top you can see the sea and from it a continuous row of mountains stretches to the sea, that is, to the Vaygach Strait.”

It is clear that the “Russian-Nenets” name created by the Komi could only arise in conditions of intensive linguistic contacts between the Komi (Izhemtsy), Nenets and Russians, with multilingualism, especially widespread among the Komi, and the strong assimilation by the Komi of some components of the Nenets toponymic system. The Nenets name More-Pe, which in Russian sources is also written More-pe, is preserved in the works of geologists and geographers of the 30-40s. of the current century, however, in the post-war years, the More-Iz form was firmly established on the map, in which the Nenets geographical term PE was replaced by the corresponding Komi language word iz - “stone”, “mountain”, “ridge”. Obviously, this change occurred in the toponymic system of the Komi-Izhemsky reindeer herders, who finally mastered the name and then communicated it to the topographers who compiled the maps.

Thus, the modern name More-Iz is undoubtedly associated with the development of the Pai-Khoi tundra by reindeer herders in the 19th-20th centuries. On the contrary, the original Nenets name Vesey-Pe - “Old Man’s Mountain” - is a very ancient toponymic model, even more significant for the reason that not far from More-Iza there is “Old Woman’s Mountain”.

Syvy-Pe, a mountain in the extreme north-west of the Yugorsky Peninsula near the Yugorsky Shar Strait, the most significant peak of Pai-Khoi near the sea. Schrenk wrote down the name in the form Suvvumbay, in Hoffmann - Syvy-Pai, Sive-Pai, in studies of later times it is usually Syvym-pe, and sometimes it is indicated that the Russian population calls this mountain the Winter Stone.

The Russian name is a translation of Nenets, since in the Nenets language syvy means “winter”, “winter”. For the "m" sound, see Pai-Khoi. We find the interpretation of “Winter Rock”, “Winter Mountain” already in the works of Schrenk and Hoffmann. “Suvvumbai,” writes Schrenk, “is a winter rock, named after the many lakes that, in its vicinity, abound in fish and wild geese, so that Samoyeds, stocking up on food supplies here during the summer, can easily winter in this place.” Penzerlakha, mountain southwest of More-Iz.

Schrenk gives the forms Pazerlach, Panzerlach and gives a fairly accurate translation of “Drum-shaped mountain,” indicating for the word panzer the meaning “magic drum of the Samoyeds.” Indeed, the Nenets word penzer is “shaman’s tambourine”, lakha (rakha) is a suffix of likening, which is best translated into Russian by the word similar - “Tambourine-like”. Hoffmann wrote this name as Penselag.

In Nenets toponymy the word penzer is noted more than once. One can cite, for example, the Nenets Penzer-Seda - “Tambourine-hill” and the corresponding Komi-Zyryan Drum-Mylk in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra. Comparison with a shaman's tambourine (drum) is a favorite metaphor not only among the Nenets, but also among other northern peoples.

This is, for example, the Mansi name for the high mountain Koyp - “Tambourine” in the Northern Urals, which the Komi-Zyryans translated into their language as Drum-Iz. The oronym of Penzerlakha, together with the neighboring names of the mountains Vesey-Pe (see Sea-Iz) and Pukhutsya-Pe (see), forms a group of place names that are interesting for Nenets ethnography, and perhaps mythology. In the Mansi oronymy of the Northern Urals there is a similar group of mountain names, about which an interesting legend is told (see Yalpyng-Nyor and Koyp). Yaranei, one of the significant mountains of Pai-Khoi to the southwest of More-Iz. The name is attested by Schrenk and Hoffmann in the form of Yaranya, in the 20th century. variants Yaronei and Yeranei are also recorded.

Shrenk translates Yaranei - “Steep Mountain”. Since “cool” in Nenets is labadyav, langg, Schrenk’s translation is apparently very approximate, but it has not yet been possible to find a completely corresponding Nenets original. Can be compared with the Nenets words yarnyangy - “located on the side, to the side, on the edge” and yarenya - “to be large, visible from afar”, cf. hoyarena - “the mountain is clearly visible on the plain.” The final element cannot be the Nenets suffix niy, which forms adjectives that characterize the attribute of an object in connection with any features of the area.

MOUNT MOREZ - THE HIGHEST PEAK OF PAI KHOI

Tender Peh, a mountain 15 km WSW of More Iz, one of the significant mountains of Pai Khoi. Schrenk wrote down this name in the form Toondelakh, connecting it with the Nenets word toonde - “the front transverse board of the sled, into which the legs rest” and the word-forming element lakha (rakha) - “similar”. However, the translation of the oronym itself that Schrenk gives is “Thorn Mountain.”

According to the researcher, at the top there are elongated protrusions like spikes. This name must be interpreted somewhat differently. First of all, let’s clarify the sound form and meaning of the Nenets word: tender - “the front and back of a sled.” This allows us to restore the oronym fixed by Schrenk in the form of Tenderlach and translate “Like a tender (the front and back of a sled).”

The outlines of the “tender” are really visible in the photograph of the mountain in the book by S.V. Kertselli, who calls this peak somewhat differently - Tenderiz. Apparently, the Nenets called the mountain differently - Tenderlakha - “Tender-like” and Tender-Pe - “Tender Mountain”. The name Tender-Pe was subsequently adopted by the Komi with the replacement of the Nenets geographical term pe - “stone”, “rock” with the corresponding Komi term from. This form of the oronym was recorded by Kertselli.

However, a more original, actually Nenets, form of Tender-Pe - “Tender Mountain” - was established on the maps. Comparison with “tender” is one of the favorite models for the formation of metaphorical names of mountains in Nenets toponymy: the Tender-Seda hill - “Sopka-tender” is in Yamal, the Bolshoy and Maly Chender mountains are in the Subpolar Urals. Regarding the last name, it should be noted that the Nenets soft t’ in some dialects is pronounced with a lisping sound and is often perceived by Russians as a soft ch. That is why geologists who worked on Pai-Khoi in the 30s. of the current century, they wrote down the name of Tenderlach - Tender-Pe in the form of Chondelag and Chonder.

TALATAYAKHA RIVER - PAI-KHOI

The Talatayakha River, or as the aborigines also call it - TalatA, has its source at the foot of Mount Tender-Pe or “Mountain-Tender”. Tender is translated from the Nenets language as “the front and back of a sled.” This mountain received the name Takeo due to the outline of the peak, which is indeed very similar to a sled. On its left bank of the river there is another mountain - More-Iz. This is the highest peak of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Pai Khoi ridge). Its height is 423 meters above sea level. More-Iz is the modern name of the mountain. The Nenets called this mountain Vasaimbay, which translates as “Old Man’s Rock.”

In the Nenets language, "vesako" means "old man", vesey - respectively, "old", "wise", and the particle "bai" is a variant of the geographical term "pay", which in turn goes back to the Nenets "pe" - "stone" , "rock". The famous expedition of Hoffmann in the mid-19th century still recorded the Nenets name, which was still in use. True, in slightly different forms and voices - “Vozai-Pai” with an inaccurate translation “Gray Mountain” and Wassai-Pai, Vasai-Pai - “Mountain of the Elders”.

Based on the last two forms, it is easy to reconstruct the Nenets sound of the name of the mountain - Vesey-Pe. However, Hoffman himself in all cases also cites the Komi-Zyryan name of the mountain More-Pai with the characteristic addition that the Komi-Zyryans call this peak “half in Russian, half in Samoyed - More-Pai, because from its top you can see the sea and from it stretches a continuous series of mountains to the sea, that is, to the Vaigach Strait."

We can conclude that the modern name More-Iz is certainly associated with the development of the Pai-Khoi tundra by Samoyed reindeer herders in the 19th and 20th centuries. On the contrary, the Nenets name Vesey-Pe - “Old Woman’s Mountain” - is a very ancient toponymic model, which is also confirmed by the fact that not far from More-Iza there is “Old Woman’s Mountain”. Unfortunately, I did not find how to translate the name of the Talata River. There are only my modest guesses: in Finnish the word "Talot" is translated as house. Perhaps the translation of the name “Talatoyakha” sounds like “home river” or “river near the house.”

But these are just my assumptions. Talatayakha is about two hundred kilometers long. The nature and speed of the river flow is fast, closer to mountainous. The channel gradient (angle of inclination) is about 230 meters from source to mouth. The main fall of the river begins from the mouth of the Moreiz-Yakhi tributary (in the area from the confluence of the Moreiz-Yakhi to the flat, mouth part of the river). A large number of rapids have formed along this stretch and there are even two waterfalls. According to the tourist scale, the difficulty category of passing Talatayakha by kayak is the second category with a plus.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:

Team Nomads.

Northern Urals and the Pai-Khoi coastal ridge, vol. 1-2, St. Petersburg, 1853-56 (together with M. Kovalsky);

On the hypsometric relationships of the Ural ridge, trans. from German, St. Petersburg, 1860.

Wikipedia website.

http://www.skitalets.ru/

http://uraltourist.ru/

Matveev A.K. M33 Peaks of the Stone Belt: Names of the mountains of the Urals. 2nd ed., revised. and additional - Chelyabinsk: Yuzh.-Ural. book publishing house, 1990.—288 p.

http://www.brixen.ru/

http://www.my-fishing.ru/attachments/sam_1607-jpg.40393/

It consists of several parallel mountain ranges and adjacent plateaus.

The name of the Pai-Khoi ridge comes from the Nenets words Pe-Khoi, meaning “stone ridge”.

Pai-Khoi stretches in length from southeast to northwest for as much as 200 kilometers - from the northern part of the Polar Urals to the Yugorsky Shar Strait. Part of the ridge goes further - under the waters of the strait, traced on the island of Vaygach. Pai-Khoi is separated from the Polar Urals by a 40-kilometer stretch of tundra.

The height of the ridge, heavily destroyed by time and nature, is small - from 200 to 400 meters above sea level. The highest point of Pai Khoi is Mount More-Iz(467 m), is located near the left bank of the Talota River, 70 km east-southeast of the Yugorsky Shar Strait. It is interesting that the older name of the mountain (Nenets) is Vasaimbai (or Vazai-Pai, Vesey-Pe) - Starikov Rock, Mount Startsev. The modern name of the peak - More-Iz - arose in the 19th-20th centuries from the Komi reindeer herders. Consists of the Russian word “sea” (from the top you can see the Kara Sea) and the Komi word “iz” - “stone”, “mountain”.

The most significant peak of the mountain range near the sea is mountain Syvym-Pe(translated from Nenets as “winter stone”), is located in the extreme north-west of the Yugra Peninsula. Researcher A.I. Schrenk wrote about it: “Suvvumbai is a winter rock, so named after the many lakes that, being in its vicinity, abound in fish and wild geese, so that Samoyeds, stocking up on food supplies here during the summer, can easily winter in this place.”

The most mysterious peak of Pai-Khoi is located in the extreme west of the ridge, near the sea. Its name - Sirtya-Pe, which means “Sirtya Mountain” from Nenets. The Sirtyayakha River - “Sirtya River” - begins nearby. Sirtya is a legendary people from Nenets legends. These are little people who live underground and sometimes come to the surface. Russians, including those in the Urals, have similar legends (about the white-eyed miracle). Apparently, some extinct people used to live here.

Pai Khoi on the map of the 1847-48 expedition.

Pai Khoi is composed of siliceous and clayey shales, sandstones and limestones.

The mountain range is heavily dissected by rivers. In fact, it is not a continuous mountain range, but a series of individual hills.

The vegetation here is sparse, mountain-tundra. Below the slope there are mosses and lichens, and in some places you can see willow and dwarf birch. Altitudinal zonation is not observed.

The climate on Pai Khoi is harsh and cold - subarctic. The duration of winter is 230 days. The average annual temperature is only -9º. This is the kingdom of permafrost.

The first scientist to visit the Pai-Khoi area was a biologist and mineralogist, an employee of the Imperial Botanical Garden A.I. Schrenk. This happened in August 1837. However, he did not see a single ridge in these bare hills. Based on this trip, the work “Journey to the North-East of European Russia” was published in 1855.

In 1848, Pai Khoi was visited by a scientific expedition of the Russian Geographical Society under the leadership of E.K. Hoffman. A geological and biological description of the ridge was compiled. The results of the expedition were published in the work “Northern Urals and the Pai-Khoi Coastal Range.”

Let me give just a small excerpt from this book:

“Here it is clear that the mountains do not lie in a continuously extended ridge of rocks, like the Urals, as it seemed from the banks of the Kara, but that they form a system of many long chains of mountains and hills, which do not lie parallel to one another, do not follow one another; on the contrary, each of them, being separated from the others by the tundra, has its own special longitudinal chain... Pai-Khoi can be called a ridge, cut to the very bottom by many deep valleys, in which swamps and lakes have formed, covering the rocky soil.”

It is interesting that one of the expedition members bought a black fox from the Samoyeds, which was sitting here on a chain. And he even brought her to St. Petersburg.

M.V. Malakhov in his review of the Urals wrote:

“With the end of the Urals, as if in its place, at the same latitude or somewhat to the south, on the western side of the ridge, there is a long branch, directly heading to the Yugorsky Bay and the Vaigach Island. This branch, like the Timan Mountains, was not known until very recently, until 1853-6, and was described by the Ural expedition under the name of the Pai-Khoi Coast Range. It ends at the shore of the Ugra Bay and is separated from the Urals by vast, swampy tundra.

The silent and eternally dull, monotonous tundra stretches across an immense expanse, drowning in the north in the waves of an inhospitable sea, and on the other side bordered by the ever-green taiga.

Only the stern Pai-Khoi, crashing into the very ocean, violated the usual, humiliated character of the tundra and sadly and unfriendlyly the area looks around at the desolate lowlands. All living things flee from this icy kingdom, even a hard stone, forged like damask steel, and even that crumbles into dust and, with the help of fierce winds, spreads into fine sand. Resin moss and cuckoo flax are almost the only objects of the plant kingdom, except that occasionally, a little further south on the river bank you will see a skinny flower and a squat spruce and birch tree.

Pai-Khoi, this is the northernmost ridge of mountains, which, although it represents a partly independent treeless rise, is separated from the Ural ridge by mossy taiga, although it gradually deviates from the general direction, nevertheless, it serves as its last link.”

Administratively, Pai-Khoi is located in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region, on the Yugra Peninsula. Getting to Pai Khoi is not easy; you need to book a transfer by all-terrain vehicle or helicopter.

Pai-Khoy is a low mountain range that extends from the extreme northern part of the Polar Urals to the NNW and continues to the Yugorsky Shar Strait. Between Pai-Khoi and the Polar Urals there are a number of intermediate hills. The length of Pai-Khoi is more than 200 km, the height is 200-400 m above sea level. The highest mountain is More-Iz (467 m).

In physiographic terms Pai Hoi occupies the left bank of the Kara River and the Yugorsky Peninsula, administratively it is located on the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region.

A lengthy discussion about whether Pai-Khoi is an independent ridge, a continuation of the Urals, its lateral branch, or even related in origin to the Timan Ridge, ended only in the middle of this century. After the geological structure of Pai-Khoi and the Polar Urals was carefully studied, it turned out that these geographical areas are directly connected and Pai-Khoi should be considered a northwestern continuation of the Urals, a link in the single Ural-Novaya Zemlya folded region.

In terms of its orographic structure, Pai Khoi is a rather complex mountainous country, consisting of several parallel mountain ranges and adjacent plateaus. This entire territory belongs to the tundra zone, among which there are gently sloping peaks with rocky scatterings and sometimes cliffs. The dismemberment of Pai-Khoi and the erasure of its forms have been repeatedly emphasized by researchers. E.K. Hoffman wrote that Pai Khoi “is a series of unconnected, rounded and turf-covered mountains, on which rocky caps are visible only in some places...”. Pai-Khoi is described in approximately the same way by S.V. Kertselli, who pointed out that this ridge “does not represent a continuous mountain range,” but is a series of “individual narrow, elongated low hillocks along the strike line of the entire ridge.” The local population is well aware of the orographic dissection of Pai-Khoi. So, according to Kertselli, the “deer hunters” distinguish the Bolshoi Kamen - the central part of the ridge, the Small Kamen (among the Komi - Dzola-Iz) - its extreme southern ridge, the Sea Ridge - part of Pai-Khoi from Mount Morepai to Yugorsky Shar.

The geographical name Pai-Khoi should have been written Pe-Khoi, but the traditional form was established, coming from A.I. Shrenk and E.K. Hoffman. For the first time, this name was apparently attested by Schrenk during his famous trip to the Polar Urals in 1837. He writes that the western continuation of the Urals is called by the Samoyeds (Nenets) Paygoy, that is, “Rocky Ridge,” and the Western Samoyeds (obviously Kaninsky and Malozemelsky Nenets) Khabiygoy, that is, “Ostyak Ridge”, because the Ostyaks (Khanty) roam around it.

Somewhat later, the name Pai-Khoi, translating it as “Stone Ridge,” was repeatedly cited by Hoffman, the leader of the North Ural expedition of 1847-1850, who, like Shrenk, personally visited these places and received information first-hand - from his Nenets and Komi-Zyryans (Izhemtsev).

The explanation of the name Pai-Khoi, which we find in Shrenk and Hoffmann, must be considered the only correct one: Nenets pe - “stone”, “rock”, khoi - “mountain”, “ridge”, therefore, Pai-Khoi really means in Russian translation "Stone Ridge". The transfer of Nenets pe to Russian pai was explained by Hoffman, who wrote that Nenets pae is pronounced almost the same as Russian pai. Shrenk also transfers Nenets pe to Russian pai and, in addition, notes the voicing of p in b after the nasal consonant m, which appears in place of the voiced glottal stop - Peumbay, Suvvumbay, etc.

Indeed, in the Nenets word pe the vowel is pronounced quite close to the Russian a in combination with e, sometimes also with the overtone i. Since Pai-Khoi is covered with rocky tundra with rocks, the explanation of the oronym given by Schrenk and Hoffman satisfies all the requirements, however, another etymology has recently been proposed - “Oblique ridge”, taking into account the Nenets pai - “crooked”, “oblique” (see "Dictionary of terms and other words found in Nenets geographical names"). This etymology is erroneous.

Another Pae-Khoi - “Stone Ridge” (for Russians - Stone) is located in the northern part of the Kanin Peninsula. This ridge is not high, but also rocky, and in places rocky.

The oronymy of Pai-Khoi initially consisted exclusively of Nenets names, as shown in the works of A. I. Shrenk and E. K. Hoffman, as well as on the map of the famous Hungarian traveler A. Reguli, who visited the Pai-Khoi area in 1844. However, at present, the oronymic system of Pai-Khoi, reflected in cartographic sources, has changed greatly. In these places, back in the 19th century, the Komi-Zyryans (Izhemtsy) began to regularly graze deer. They later constantly performed the duties of guides of topographical and geological expeditions. As a result, some Nenets names were fully or partially translated into the Komi language (cf., for example, Kuz-Iz).

The oronymy of Pai Khoi is divided into two regions: northeastern and central Pai Khoi (north of the Oyu River) and southwestern Pai Khoi (south of the Oyu River).

The northern border of the region is considered to be Mount Constantine Stone, and in the south the border with the Subpolar Urals is the Lyapin (Khulga) River. Area - about 25,000 km.

Mount Payer (1499 m)

Located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Western (Southern) Payer (1330 m), Eastern Payer (1217 m). The highest mountain of the Polar Urals.

Mount Constantine Stone (492 m)

Located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Nerusoveyakha River

Lyadgeyakha River

Kara River

Length 257 km. It flows in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic.

Mount Big Minisey (587 m)

Located approximately 40 km from the Arctic Ocean, it is the extreme point of the Ural Mountains.

Edeyniy Ridge

It is the eastern spur of Pai-Khoi.

Halmer-Yu waterfall

Great Buridan Threshold, Marble Gorge

Pai Khoi Ridge (467 m)

The highest point of the ridge is Mount Moreiz (467 m). The highest points of Pai-Khoi are the mountains Vozai-Pai (400 m), Pense-Pai (318 m), Big Yodney (327 m) and Small Yodney (306 m)

Mount Grubeiz (1435 m)

Mount Han-mei (1333 m)

Oche-Nyrd ridge (1338 m)

Mount Lyadgei

Mount Ngetenape (1338 m)

Climate of the Polar Urals

The climate of the Polar Urals is harsh, sharply continental; a cold, rainy autumn quickly gives way to winter, and a short, cool spring to summer. Usually, already in early September, the tops of the ridges are covered with a blanket of snow, and only in June does the snow begin to melt in the mountains.

Winter - with heavy snowfalls, strong snowstorms and blizzards, long and very frosty. In December-February on the foothill plains the temperature sometimes drops to -50...-54°, ​​and in July rises to +31°. In the mountains - on the most elevated plateaus, ridges and massifs - winter is about a month longer than on the plains; it lasts here for 8-9 months, but the frosts are weaker than on the plains and rarely reach 45°.

During anticyclonic weather - clear, windless and frosty - a temperature inversion is observed high in the mountains, when at the top it is 15-25° warmer than in river valleys and foothill plains. This happens because colder, and therefore denser and heavier air flows down from the mountains and stagnates in the valleys and plains. On the contrary, during the invasion of cyclones - with winds and snowfalls - it is warmer in the foothills than in the mountains: for every 100 m of altitude, the air temperature drops by about 0.6°.

There is a lot of precipitation in the Polar Urals: in the mountains from 800 to 1200 mm per year, and on the western slope it is 2-3 times more than on the eastern; on the plains, precipitation decreases to 400-600 mm, of which approximately half falls in winter, and the rest in spring, summer and autumn. The average annual air temperature in various regions of the Polar Urals varies from -5 to -8°. The coldest month is February. The average February temperature in the mountains and plains is about 19° below zero. Almost as cold in December, January and March.

The average temperature of these months is nowhere higher than -16°. It becomes significantly warmer only in April (from -8...-9° on the plain to -10...-12° in the mountains). In May, the snow begins to melt on the plain and open up, but at night there is still frost and the average monthly air temperature is negative (-2° on the plain, up to -5° in the mountains).

Pai Hoi

(in Samoyed "Stone Ridge") - the ridge of the Arkhangelsk province, Mezensky district, begins to the east of the Bolshoi. Iodneya, stretches in the direction of the WNW, parallel to the shore of the Kara Sea, having reached the Yugorsky ball, it passes to Vaygach Island. P.-Khoy appears to be a rise completely independent of the Ural ridge, from which it is separated by 50 versts by a continuous, swampy plain covered with lakes. The appearance of the ridge is a series of unconnected, rounded and turf-covered mountains, on which only in some places are visible rock caps, rising only in places in two per 1000 feet. over the tundra adjacent to the mountains. Pai-Khoi, like the Urals, consists of uplifted Paleozoic strata, which is why the appearance of their rocks is similar to each other. The greatest width of the ridge is between Yumbo-Pai and Pai-dai (between 69° and 70° north latitude). The highest points of P.-Khoy are the following mountains: Vozay-Pai (1312 ft.), Pense-Pai (1045 ft.), Bolshoi Iodney (1073 ft.) and Small Iodney (1005 ft.). P.-Khoy, approaching the Yugorsky Shar, gradually decreases and the last rocks, falling into the Shar with steep walls, barely reach 100 feet. height. Snow occurs here only occasionally in August. Through P.-Khoi you can go to the tundra anywhere. Wed. "Northern Urals and the P.-Khoi coastal ridge. Research of the Ural expedition (St. Petersburg, 1853-56).

Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - S.-Pb.: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .

See what "Pai-Hoi" is in other dictionaries:

Coordinates: Coordinates: 69°00′00″ N. w... Wikipedia

Ridge in the north parts of the Polar Urals; Nenets Autonomous Okrug The name is from Nenets, pe stone, khoy khrebet (stone ridge) or Nenets, pai krivoy, kosoy (oblique ridge). The first interpretation is preferable. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary... Geographical encyclopedia

Mountain range in Russia, in the northern part of the Polar Urals. Length over 200 km, height up to 467 m. * * * PAI KHOI PAI KHOI, a mountain range in the northern part of the Polar Urals. Length St. 200 km, height up to 467 m... encyclopedic Dictionary

Mountain range in the northern part of the Polar Urals. Length St. 200 km, height up to 467 m... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PAI KHOI, a mountain range in the northern part of the Polar Urals. Length St. 200 km, height up to 467 m. Source: Encyclopedia Fatherland ... Russian history

Pai Hoi- Pai Khoi, a mountain range in the northern part of the Polar Urals, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It stretches for 200 km to the Yugorsky Shar Strait. Height up to 467 m (Moreiz). It is composed of crystalline shales, sandstones, marls, and limestones. On the… … Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

Pai Hoi- Sp Pái Chòjus Ap Pai Khoy/Pay Khoy L klng. Urale, RF Nencų apygarda … Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė

Pai Hoi- ridge in the north. parts of the Polar Urals; Nenets Autonomous Okrug The name is from Nenets, pe stone, khoy khrebet (stone ridge) or Nenets, pai krivoy, kosoy (oblique ridge). The first interpretation is preferable... Toponymic dictionary

A mountain range stretching from the northern part of the Polar Urals to the Yugorsky Shar Strait. The length is about 200 km. Height up to 467 m (Mount Moreiz). It is composed of crystalline shales, sandstones, marls, and limestones. On the slopes of mokhovo... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Characteristics Length 110 km Basin area 1160 km² Basin Kara Sea Watercourse Estuary Lyamin 3rd · Location 83 km to the left ... Wikipedia

Books

• Northern Urals and the Pai-Khoi coastal ridge
• Northern Urals and the Pai-Khoi coastal ridge. Volume 1, . Northern Urals and the Pai-Khoi coastal ridge: Research. Expeditions, equipment. Imp. Rus. geogr. island in 1847, 1848 and 1850. T. 1F 15/14: St. Petersburg: typ. imp. Academician Sciences, 1853-1856:...