How to choose a net for fishing. Types of fishing nets

Fishing nets provide a large catch in a short period of time. It is fishing nets that are used by companies that fish on an industrial scale. Ordinary fishermen too show interest in them, however, they need permission to use the networks. Fishing crews fill out paperwork before going to sea. Catching fish with nets without a license is poaching.

Network classification

It seems to many ordinary people that all teams use the same nets for fishing. In fact, you can find several types on sale. All networks are divided into thread and line. This division is determined by the material from which the seines are made. For the manufacture of thread seines they use nylon or nylon cords. Such gear is considered very durable. Tackle made from fishing line very often breaks, although there are seines made from twisted fishing line on sale that can last a long time.

There are fixed and smooth tackles. Fixed seines are installed in one place, but smooth seines are pulled on a motor boat or sent downstream. There is also a classification of fishing nets based on their structure. Experts distinguish the following types:

gills;
red;
frame;
casting

Fishermen consider gill nets to be the simplest, since they consist of only one sheet. All cells equal in size. The advantage of such nets is that they only catch fish of a certain size. Small items do not get confused and do not get stuck in nets.

Rye nets consist of three fabrics. The outer canvases are smaller in size than the average one. The cell size of the average canvas is always much smaller. The advantage of such gear is that the fish quickly gets confused. However, such nets often trap a lot of small trash fish. As a rule, the outer fabrics are woven from strong nylon threads, while the fabric in the middle is sewn from fishing line. This is due to the fact that large fish can break the line.

The main difference between frame seines is that their central part is very “soft”, but the edges are “hard”. Thanks to this structure, the fish quickly gets caught in a trap from which it cannot escape. Casting meshes are very similar to frame meshes, but differ in their small size. They are used exclusively for manual throwing into water.

Now on sale you can find products from various companies. The most popular fishing nets are those made in China. Their popularity is due to their low price. These gears are not distinguished by their high quality. Finnish seines are considered to be of higher quality and more reliable. They can last for several years. But their cost is quite high.

DIY making

Special craftsmen knit seines themselves. The manufacturing process is quite tedious. He demands accuracy and patience. To knit a network you need:

floats;
sinkers;
shuttle;
template (bar);
fishing line or cord.

The shuttle is made of a plate with a cutout in the upper part. You need to wrap a fishing line or cord around it while weaving. In fact, the shuttle performs the same role as the needle. The plank can be made from a piece of ruler or plywood, 3 millimeters thick. Its length ranges from 10 to 12 centimeters. The width of the template depends on the desired cell size. The turn of the cord around the bar is equal to two cells.

All knitting accessories must be carefully sanded. If burrs remain on them, the threads will constantly cling and get tangled during work. This will lead to an increase in the time spent on making the seine.

The weaving process begins by attaching a thick cord in the shape of a ring to any structure. Then a loop is tied to it, which is made at the end of a thread (fishing line) tied to the shuttle. Then a second loop is formed, which is secured with a knot at the end. It takes a lot of repetitions to get the required width. After completing the first row, begin to weave the second. The only difference is that the cells of the second row are attached not to the cord, but to the first row.

After finishing the weaving, you need to thread two cords through the loops of the first and last row. Floats must be attached to the top cord. But special weights are attached to the lower cord.

Nets for feeding fish

The popularity of polyvinyl acetate nets is growing every year. They are a must-have equipment when fishing for carp. Such nets are needed to throw bait into a certain place. The net is a small bag that is filled with bait using a special tube. Before throwing the net into the pond, a hook with fish bait is hidden there.

A big advantage of polyvinyl acetate nets is the ability to dissolve in water. There are no traces of them left in the pond. There are 4 types of such nets on sale:

cellular;
solid;
drowning;
floating.

PVA nets can be purchased at any fishing store. Anyone can use them.

Determination of network parameters for specific types of fishing

Whether to buy a ready-made network or make it yourself - everyone decides this question for themselves. Twenty or thirty years ago, when netting tools could only be bought under the counter and for a lot of money, they were available only to poachers catching fish for sale - and many amateurs spent long winter evenings knitting netting. Now the situation has changed - affordable nets are available in almost every store that sells fishing supplies. But anglers are not always satisfied with their quality and compliance with specific fishing conditions. Therefore, many amateurs choose an intermediate option - they make nets themselves, but from purchased materials: net fabrics (the so-called “dolls”), racks, cargo and floating cords.

The main points you need to know before purchasing netting supplies are:

– what types of fish will become the object of fishing;

– the size of the reservoir where the networks will be used;

– depth of network installation;

– bottom configuration at the fishing site.

The most important characteristics of the mesh fabric are length, height, mesh size, and thread diameter. The length and height of the mesh fabric are determined in a stretched state. For example, if it is indicated that the mesh fabric has dimensions of 1.5x60, this means that with a height (depth) of 1.5 m, the length of the fabric is 60 m.

When choosing a mesh fabric for self-planting a network, first of all pay attention to the mesh pitch.

Scientists studying fisheries have derived the following formula for the relationship between the length of fish and the mesh size of the nets designed to catch them:

where a is the mesh pitch; L – zoological length of fish; k – coefficient depending on the ratio between the maximum girth of the fish and its length (see Table 1).

Table 1. Values of coefficient k for some fish of inland waters

But usually net fishing enthusiasts do not use tables and formulas, determining the required size “by eye”. They use fine-mesh nets (with a mesh less than 20 mm) to catch small but valuable schooling fish (vendice, ripus, smelt), as well as to catch live bait when it is required in large quantities, for example, for multi-hook nets.

To catch small fish, the most common in Russian water bodies, that is, perch and roach, amateurs most often use single-wall nets with a mesh size of 27x32 mm. A pike weighing up to 1 kg can get caught in the same net, getting caught not by its gills, but by the bony protrusions on its lower jaw, and sometimes even managing to wrap the net around its tail. For fish in which the ratio of body width to length is increased (bream, crucian carp, etc.), a net with a large mesh size is required.

To catch the largest fish, large-mesh nets are used, in recreational fishing, usually with a mesh pitch not exceeding 120–140 mm.

Ryazha on two- and three-wall nets (sometimes called ryazha or rezha) is placed with a mesh from 170 to 400 mm. The thread on the yarn is 4–6 times stronger than that of the mesh fabric.

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In our country, for many years it was believed that a person who catches fish with a net is a poacher and needs to be punished. Great changes have occurred over the past decades. A fisherman who wants to use nets for fishing can take permission and use this method on water bodies with complete peace of mind. All fishing gear is sold legally in specialized stores.

Preparing for net fishing in winter

Winter fishing attracts many fishermen due to the tricky nature of the procedure. In the cold season, fish move from the shores to the middle part of the reservoir. She is less active than in spring. When going fishing, you should carefully select equipment, tackle and food.

In winter, they also fish with nets, but not very often. With this method of fishing there are features that must be taken into account. How to fish with a net under ice will be discussed below.

When installing the gear, the specificity of the reservoir is taken into account, namely the bottom topography, which is located under the ice and hidden from the eyes of the fisherman.

Selecting a location

When choosing it, you should pay attention to the following:

The reservoir must be a large lake or a wide, high-water river.
Install the network closer to the middle of a river, lake or other body of water. In winter, fish are found in the depths, escaping the cold, where there is food in the muddy soil. Closer to spring, on the contrary, nets are installed near the shore where the fish move to make it easier to breathe in oxygen-saturated water.
There should be no snags, trees or other objects at the bottom of reservoirs.
In the selected area, the ice surface is cleared of snow.

Preparing the ice hole

The place where fishing with a net will take place has been selected and prepared, it’s time to drill an ice hole:

There are marks on cleared ice, usually two of them, which are equal to the length of the net.
In the marked places, two ice holes are made, one meter long and half a meter wide. Their shape should resemble a rectangle. This ice hole got its name “mine”. Cut out the ice using an ice pick or chainsaw.
Additionally, two holes are drilled between the holes, 3 m apart.
The edges of the holes are slightly widened and carefully trimmed so as not to damage the network in the future.

Additional accessories

The preparatory work has been completed, all that remains is to install the network. To do this, first of all you will need:

pole 10 m long (distance between lanes);
gon (otherwise called rope), about 60 m;
sewed (or two sticks) two meters long in order to straighten the net in the holes.

Network installation methods

The winter network provides several ways to install gear. Some fishermen cut an ice hole in the shape of a large rectangle and hunt with a net, just like in the summer. This is convenient, but unsafe, especially when the ice is thin. Let's take a closer look at how to fish with a net on rivers and how nets are installed under ice.

First way

A pole and a rope are placed into the lane. A load is tied to its lower part, and a rope to the upper part. The pole is moved under the ice, adjusting its position in the intermediate holes.

One angler threads the net under the ice, while the other pulls the rope from the side of the pole. In the intermediate holes, the passage of the pole is observed. From the last lane the pole is pulled out and tied to sticks that are laid across the holes. To prevent the net from freezing to the ice, foam plastic is tied to the top of the net.

It is a difficult and difficult task to pick out a wet net with fish from the water. When installing new nets, a prerequisite is their dryness. Fishing with a net on the river allows you to avoid drilling additional holes. The pole will float with the flow of the pond. When the net advances, you can observe it through it by tying a foam buoy to the gear. Instead of knots, carabiners are installed on the tackle - this will make the work easier.

Second way

Cut out 5-7 square holes with a side length of 0.5 m. Use wire instead of a pole. A thick rope coming from the net is tied to it and dragged under the ice. In the water, the net straightens itself. The extended end of the wire is attached to a stick and fixed on the back wall of the hole.

Third way

They make several square holes with a side of 0.5 m. A rope with an attached load is lowered into the first hole and pulled through each subsequent hole with sticks with hooks. The ends of the ropes from the last and first holes are tied with a knot. A net is attached to the top of the resulting ring and, tangling with the rope, it is lowered into the water. To make the fish more active, they knock on the ice with a tin can.

Fishing with a torpedo

Netting fish under the ice becomes less labor intensive with the use of a device called a torpedo. This is a conical device made of metal that helps a fisherman pull a rope with fishing gear under the ice. It can be used when the ice thickness does not exceed one meter. In this case, the identification signals of the device are visible through the ice. It weighs only one kilogram, which allows you to take it with you on winter fishing. To use it, two holes are made in the ice, one of which will be used to launch the torpedo, and the other will be used to reach the surface.

The device consists of a hollow cylinder having:

compartment with eight batteries;
two lights that signal the movement of the gear;
two wheels with sharp teeth that cling to the ice surface when moving.

Fishing with a net in winter is carried out using a single method. The main thing to do is to set up the tackle. Then you should wait until the fish gets entangled in the net and swims up to the bait.

How to make a “kerchief”

In general, fishermen treat winter fishing with trepidation and experiment, using different gear and trying different fishing methods. Sometimes a “kerchief” is used. It has proven itself well when used in the first half of winter hunting and at the end of winter fishing. It's easy to do:

An isosceles triangle is cut out of a fishing net with cells from 2 to 5 cm. The size of the cells is selected depending on the size of the fish that they plan to catch.
Attach a metal rod or thick wire to the base of the resulting triangle, which will serve as a sinker.
The rope is pulled through a loop made at the top of the triangle. Using it, the tackle is lowered into the reservoir and raised. The sides are sewn with nylon thread

Fishing with a "kerchief"

For a good bite, the fish should be fed. To do this, prepare the food yourself or buy it ready-made in a specialized store. In winter, fish are at depth and hide in holes, so it must be lowered to the very bottom. The bait must be of good quality and not crumble before it reaches its destination:

Immerse the scarf under water.
After immersing the scarf, the rope is fixed on the ice surface using a cross stick.
The hole is masked with brushwood and snow in order to protect the fish from the rays of the sun and noise.

In winter, in places where roach and perch are found, “kerchiefs” can be a catchy tackle, especially on the first ice, when the fish are still very active, and during spring thaws.

How to catch fish with a net with an elastic band?

The tackle appeared quite recently, it is correctly called a net with and there are almost no differences from fishing with a donkey with a shock absorber.

The fisherman throws a heavy load to which a rubber thread is tied into a pond. The elastic band, gradually contracting, inserts a fixed net into the water, which is mounted on two cords: a floating one and a cargo one. The net does not take part in casting. The elastic band and fishing line are connected to each other by two metal carabiners.

After throwing, the carabiners are unfastened and attached to the loops, which are located at the ends of the pontoon cord. The weight of the carabiners is balanced by two foam floats that support the net in the water in the form of a rectangle.

The size of the net mesh is directly dependent on what kind of fish they are going to catch. The net is 1.5 meters high and 7 meters long if cast from the shore.

There is another design where a nylon thread is used instead of a cargo and pontoon cord. The net is stretched vertically by slats, and horizontally by the tension of the fishing line and elastic band.

Tackle made using the second method has less resistance when pulled into a body of water. This makes it possible to use longer nets, up to 20 m. They are used only in still waters, because any current bends the slats to the bottom.

Fishing with a small net gives a rich catch only to those who know the body of water well and the habits of the fish living in it. You can use a larger net, but in this case the elastic should be 4 times longer, and the load should be thrown from a boat.

In shallow waters, the load is sometimes not used. In this case, on the contrary, a rubber shock absorber is tied to a wire ring, which is placed on a stake driven into the bank. With this method, it does not break off when the load is pulled out of the reservoir. In other cases, they place a small piece of fishing line, the reliability of which is half that of a rubber shock absorber, between the load and the rubber. But this measure will not protect the shock absorber from rupture every time.

A bell will notify you that a fish has gotten lost in the net. There is no point in leaving the tackle unattended, since one caught fish can entangle the net and the rest will not get there.

Fishing with a net with an elastic band is very convenient in small bodies of water located near large cities where there are concentrations of fishermen.

Network care

Networks made even from the most modern materials lose strength for three reasons:

physical - temperature difference, load, ultraviolet rays;
chemical - from the decomposition of fish scales and mucus;
microbiological - dead fish that remain in nets for a long time, uncleaned remains, damaged gear.

Experienced fishermen note that fish are reluctant to go into unclean nets, and in warm weather in places where there is no current, they do not go at all. Nets made of linen and cotton threads are most susceptible to severe contamination; nylon and monofilament nets are considered the most resistant to dirt.

Fishing with a net will be successful if it is checked at least twice a day. If there is a small amount of fish caught in the net, fishermen often get it out without pulling the gear ashore. After 4 days, the tackle should be removed to dry land, carefully cleaned of all impurities and rinsed in running clean water.

After the end of the fishing season, the net is dried in a place protected from direct sunlight. Clean fishermen, before storing their gear for long-term storage, wash it with soap. After drying, the net is folded so that it can be quickly prepared for work the next season.

Thus, we looked at how to catch fish with a net. The variety of methods and the large number of fish species predetermined the emergence of many types of nets and methods of their installation. They can be placed near the bottom, along it or at an angle, at a certain depth and near the surface of the reservoir.

In ancient times, the fishing net had a certain place in the everyday life of our ancestors. We are not destined to know where it came from and who its creator was. It is likely that the ancestors spotted this fishing gear from nature, or more precisely from spiders, who masterfully weave their webs to this day. Most likely, in those days the nets were not particularly elegant, light and durable, which is typical of modern examples. All the principles that were used in old fishing gear are still relevant today. According to their design features, fishing nets can be divided into enveloping and straining.

Enveloping (gill) nets

These nets are a mesh fabric that is used to directly catch fish that get stuck in it, since the cell of the fabric is larger than the head, but smaller than the body of the fish, and the latter gets its head into the cell and tries to free itself, becoming even more entangled. These networks can be single-walled or three-walled (“ryazhka”). The latter have three webs, only the outermost webs of such a net have a large mesh size and serve to retain fish caught in the net. As a rule, a three-wall is used when catching larger fish: carp, bream, silver carp, and so on. The networks have different lengths from 10 to 150 meters. Separately, we can distinguish small nets (up to 10 meters long) used for catching fish from the shore. This kind of fishing is called “track fishing”. As noted earlier, the installation of the latter is carried out by importing a load with a rubber shock absorber and a float attached to it, for subsequent removal of the load from the water. After flooding, the weights float back to the fishing spot, stretching the rubber, which is subsequently attached to the side cord of the “track”. Having dropped the net into the water, you can safely expect fish to get into the tackle. In this way, active fish are caught that feed close to the shore.

In general, installing a large fishing net is not much different from installing a “path”, but there are some nuances. The network is installed using a boat in which there are two people; it’s possible for one person, but it’s a bit heavy. One carries out the movement of, say, a boat, and the second releases the net. Depending on the conditions of the reservoir and the fish present in it, the net can be placed perpendicular to the shore, along it, or a mixture of both of these options.

Straining nets

The principle of their operation of straining nets is based on limiting the movement of fish across the water area within a closed system. In other words, this tackle is a kind of “fence” that collects fish in one place. After which, when you pull it ashore or onto a ship, the water calmly comes out through the cells, and the fish remains in the bag. These types of gear include: spider, drag, fishing trawl and seine. The "spider" is a square mesh fabric stretched on a strong cross-shaped frame and suspended at a central point from a long pole. Fishing is possible at a short distance from the shore, from a pier, boat, or ship. The casting distance of such tackle is determined by the length of the pole. Used for catching fish of various sizes in shallow waters.

This is a fairly strong net, up to 20 meters long, in the middle part of which there is a karna - an elongated section of the net in the form of a cone, into which a small load is placed or tied. Rigid sticks are tied along the edges of the netting in order to use them to guide the dragnet through the water, preferably closer to the bottom. Bred can also be used in catching fish by driving (botaning). This type of fishing involves placing a net around a small bush and using all kinds of noise to force the fish into the net, after which the net is removed from the water.

Let's consider the process of catching fish and the design of the remaining representatives of the straining nets. This is a trawl and a seine.

Trawl- the most commonly used fishing gear in industrial fishing. It is a large bag woven from strong nylon threads, towed by a fishing trawler. Due to the design features, the mouth of this bag remains open during towing. The trawl is guided depending on the fishing conditions. There are: bottom, deep, and surface trawling. For these needs, there are mid-depth trawls, which occupy one or another position in the water column, depending on the speed of movement, the design of the trawl doors and the angle of their opening.

Seine- a fairly common fishing gear not only in industrial fishing, but also in the production of fish by peoples living on the shores of large bodies of water. According to the method of extraction, this tackle can be divided into four categories: bottom, set, cast, and throw. In turn, cast seines are divided according to the place of fishing: river, sea, lake (pond).

Cast net- one of the most ancient fishing gears and is used for catching fish both from the shore and from a boat. The tackle is thrown in the form of an arc, with the top directed towards the opposite shore, after which, after waiting for it to submerge, it is pulled out to the shore or side of the boat. Weights are sewn along the edge of the net, so that when immersed, it looks like a bag that closes when pulled ashore.

Flip seines used in expanses of water, away from the shore. The most popular when fishing with seines of this class are purse seines, with the help of which a discovered school of fish is swept (surrounded) and, after creating a closed perimeter, pulled aboard the vessel, squeezing the lower part of the seine. The “bowl” formed during this type of fishing holds the fish, which is delivered on board the vessel.

Bottom seine fishing- this is something intermediate between fishing using trawling and a cast net. A large area of the reservoir is swept with such a seine, and with the help of a winch or the movement of the vessel they begin to drag this tackle along the bottom. As a result of the movement, the water becomes cloudy, the fish moves away from the muddy area of the reservoir closer to the center of the net. After which she finds herself in a confined space without the possibility of leaving it and is pulled ashore or on board the ship.

In conclusion of this article, I would like to note that the variety of fishing gear using netting is truly enormous. It doesn’t matter what nets industrial fishing cooperatives use to catch fish, the main thing is that this type of fishing does not harm our deep pantries.

For any fisherman, professional, sport or amateur fishing, be it fishing with nets, with a rod or spinning rod, should bring pleasure regardless of the season, weather: on a sunny clear day, slush or piercing wind. And here, in many respects, he is helped by high-quality, competently selected waterproof equipment and the required equipment. Let's take a brief look at fairly widespread, practical, convenient and affordable net equipment and choose Finnish fishing nets as an example.

What is this fishing accessory?

These are quite soft, flexible, high-strength Finnish mesh fabrics with tear-resistant double knots. They are based on a monofilament fishing line 0.17-0.22 mm thick, resistant to ultraviolet radiation and sea water, in gray, blue, including a steel-colored sheen. Nylon (nylon nets) is also possible. This differs in the methods of planting network fabrics:

High-tech machine (Finnish or domestic, but on Finnish equipment and in accordance with the stated requirements); characterized by fixing the outer cells to the selection using a rigid fixation method;

Manual “on the run” - characterized by the absence of knots on the floating and cargo cords, and therefore free movement of a group of cells on a separate flint along the landing thread is achieved.

All Finnish networks are equipped with cords:

Solid floating (the so-called float, since some models have floats woven into the cord) - it is designed to avoid tangling of the net fabric and straightening it in the water;

A solid weight with a lead thread woven into it - it is designed to vertically immerse the net in water.

Thanks to the manufacturing technology, the cords do not get caught in the cells. As a rule, a floating cord is two times lighter than a weighting cord (for example, 6 g/m is acceptable versus 12/13/14 g/m, respectively). Having a line that is too heavy can have a negative impact on your catch, as it will create too much tension on the line, which is undesirable. However, if necessary, for example, in the presence of a fairly strong underwater current, the net can be additionally equipped with small lead weights. The edges of the net are tied with nylon, which provides even greater tensile strength.

Finnish network: shape and size

Finnish networks vary depending on the length of the cell. By length they are divided into 10, 30 and 60 meters. Their shape resembles a trapezoid. This helps to adapt to uneven bottoms and high catches. The height can be for 10 and 30-meter products - from 0.9 m to 1.8 m (in increments of 60 meters - 3 m. It should be taken into account here that manufacturers indicate the height of the networks in tension, working condition, in At rest, the height of the network will be 15-20 centimeters less.

Cells. What kind of fish are they designed for?

Qualitative characteristics of Finnish networks

It is noted that Finnish fishing nets (reviews from customers and experienced fishermen confirm this) are characterized by the following functional properties:

Strength;

Light weight;

Easy to use;

High catchability and others.

Application

Finnish fishing nets are easy to use. They are designed for fishing both in small muddy ponds and in rivers and lakes that are larger in size and depth. This can be either ice fishing or open water, with or without currents. In cases where fishing is planned in snag-laden northern river waters and one hundred percent confidence in the strength of the net is required, you can resort to purchasing a net made from Finnish rigid twisted fishing line (0.15 mm x 3), but the catch may be slightly reduced. There are varieties of Finnish nets supplied with a shuttle. The most common are single-walled gills, or “gills” (the name comes from the way the fish clings to the net - with gills). There are also three-wall nylon nets. But they are slightly less popular.

Many people today are ready to buy Finnish fishing nets. Reviews from avid fishermen confirm their reliability, durability and catchability. They have proven themselves on the positive side for more than 10-15 years, and to this day continue to be popular and in demand.

Finnish network manufacturers

Finnish fishing nets come in a fairly wide range. They are also characterized by different price categories. They are produced under the names “Beluga”, “Finn”, AXTI, Barrakuda, Cryfish, Riston Kalaverkko, “Baltset” (popularly called “Finka network”, but domestically produced). The average price varies between 250-1500 rubles, but if you really want, you can find much more expensive ones.

There is an opinion: Finnish nylon nets, as well as nylon ones, are a product produced in countries (Thailand, China and others) and exported from there to Europe. Therefore, it is quite acceptable that the net fabrics imported into our country under European, including Finnish brands (Nurli Oy, Kivikangas) are not truly Finnish in origin, although they are of quite good quality (sometimes you can’t even tell the difference) and are able to withstand more than one trip to fishing. To be more confident in the quality of such products, you can, of course, order the goods directly from Finland.