Detailed map of Zmiev - streets, house numbers, districts. The city of Zmiev and its secrets, part 2 Ukrainian Zmiev or Polovtsian sharukan

Zmiev (in the 17th-18th centuries Zmeev (Zmev), also Zmiev (Zmiev) (Ukrainian Зміїв) is a city of district significance in the Kharkov region of Ukraine, the administrative center of the Zmiev district.

Located 42 km from the regional center, Kharkov, at the confluence of the Seversky Donets and Mzha rivers.

The administrative center of the Zmievsky City Council, which also includes the village of Vyrishalny.

Population

The population of the Zmievsky district is 78.2 thousand people, including the urban population - 35.6 thousand people, the rural population - 42.6 thousand people.

The total number of pensioners living in the district (as of January 1, 2005) is 23,843 people or 30.5% of the total population of the Zmievsky district.

The population density is 57.3 people per 1 square kilometer.

The birth rate in the region in 2004 was 8.1 per 1000 people.

Symbolism

The current coat of arms of Zmiev has more than 220 years of history. The coat of arms of the city, both from the second half of the 18th century and from 1803 and today, is clear: a serpent with a golden crown is depicted on its head.

On September 21, 1781, the coat of arms of the city was not officially approved by the Senate of the Russian Empire and the Empress of All-Russia Catherine the Second on the same day with all the coats of arms of the county towns and the provincial center of the Kharkov and Voronezh governorships, because Zmiev was not then a county town.

The coat of arms is “old”, that is, historical, and was drawn up long before approval. A distinctive feature of the “old” coats of arms was the single field of the shield - with the coat of arms of the city itself (without the coat of arms of the governorship/provincial center in the upper part). It was officially approved on September 21, 1803 personally by the All-Russian Emperor Alexander the First.

The red field of the coat of arms depicts a “golden serpent wriggling upward with a city crown on its head,” clearly showing the very name of the city, as well as the abundance of snakes in the surrounding area.

In 1863, B. Kene drafted the coat of arms of Zmiev: In a scarlet shield there is a golden serpent writhing into a pillar; in the free part of the shield is the coat of arms of the Kharkov province; The shield is topped with a silver tower crown and surrounded by golden ears of corn, connected by an Alexander ribbon.

It is interesting that in the city’s coat of arms, an artist of the 18th century depicted a snake crawling, and an artist of the early 19th century depicted a standing one, which is what the modern coat of arms of the 1990s, approved by the City Council, remains at the present time.

Heraldry Coat of arms
Zmievsky district

The coat of arms of the Zmievsky district is the official symbol of the Zmievsky district of the Kharkov region, approved on February 24, 1999 by the decision of the district council.
The coat of arms is a quadrangular heraldic shield with rounded lower corners and a point at the base. At the top of the coat of arms there is a sheaf of wheat entwined with a blue ribbon, with oak leaves on both sides of the sheaf. On the red field of the shield there is a serpent in a defensive pose (coat of arms of Zmiev). On his head is a crown with five teeth. Around the coat of arms are oak leaves, wrapped in a blue and yellow ribbon.
The shield is topped with a stylized image of a gear, on both sides of which there are two ears of cereal. The background of the gear depicts a sunrise and ears of wheat. Flag
Zmievsky district

The flag of the Zmievsky district was approved by the decision of the VII session of the XXII convocation of the Zmievsky District Council on September 24, 1999.
The flag is a rectangular panel (width to length ratio 2:3) of crimson color with the image of the district coat of arms in the central part. The height of the coat of arms is equal to 1/2 the width of the flag. The district flag is double-sided. The top of the pole is a metal cone with a height equal to 1/10 of the width of the flag, the base of the cone is equal to 2 diameters of the pole, fixed on a cylindrical base with a height equal to 1/20 of the width of the flag. The color of the metal from which the pommel is made is silver. Coat of arms
city ​​of Zmiev

The coat of arms of Zmiev is the official heraldic symbol of the city of Zmiev, Kharkov region, approved by the Zmiev City Council in the 1990s.
In a red field, a golden serpent with a city crown on its head twists upward.

Zmievsky district(Ukrainian Zmiivskyi district) is an administrative unit in the center of the Kharkov region of Ukraine. The administrative center is the city of Zmiev.

The area is located in the central part of the Kharkov region. In the north it borders with Kharkov, in the east - with Chuguevsky and Balakleysky, in the south - with Pervomaisky, in the west - with Novovodolazhsky districts of the Kharkov region.

The district has existed as an administrative unit since 1923.

Population: 72,587 people. (as of August 1, 2013)

Area: 1364.65 km sq.

(Ukrainian Zmiiv) is a city of district significance in the Kharkov region of Ukraine, the administrative center of the Zmiiv district.

Located 42 km from the regional center, Kharkov, at the confluence of the Seversky Donets and Mzha rivers.

The Zmievsky City Council also includes the village of Vyrishalny.

Population: 16976 people. (2001)

Telephone code: +380 5747

History of Zmiev

On the territory of the city of Zmiev and near it, the remains of two early Slavic settlements of the Chernyakhov culture (II-VI centuries AD) have been preserved.

The first written mentions of Zmiev date back to the 12th century. According to the chronicles, the Novgorod-Seversk prince Igor Svyatoslavovich, fighting against the Polovtsians, used a number of fortifications along the Donets, among which was Zmievskoye. But during the Tatar-Mongol invasion it was destroyed. In the second half of the 16th century, the Zmievsky guard post was mentioned at this place. The royal decree of 1571 outlined the route of guard patrols from Putivl to the Mozhu River and down to the “Serpent Kurgan”. “Serpent Settlement” and “Serpent Mound” are also mentioned in the “Book of the Big Drawing” (1627). In 1640, Kondrat Sulima with a detachment of Trans-Dnieper Cossacks completely defeated the Tatars roaming along the Mozhu and Merli rivers, and captured Aksak Khan. At the same time, the Cossacks installed a permanent guard, and subsequently founded a small fortress. In the royal decree of March 23, 1656, governor Yakov Khitrovo was ordered to build a permanent fortress here and rule the “Cherkasy”.

At that time, Zmiev was a very significant fortress. In 1668 there were 7 large cast iron cannons, 290 cannonballs and a lot of gunpowder. And yet the Tatars managed to capture the city. So, in 1688, 1689 and 1692, Zmiev suffered great destruction. The last Tatar invasion of the city was in 1736.

The population experienced great disasters during numerous epidemics. In 1718-1719 and 1738, for example, many residents of Zmiev died from the plague.

Residents of the city were engaged in agriculture, crafts, and trade. A significant role was played by such trades as beekeeping, fishing, milling, distilling, and saltpeter making.

Ordinary Cossacks and the urban lower classes took an active part in anti-serfdom protests. In October 1670, the Zmiev Cossacks joined the detachments of the Don and Zaporozhye Cossacks, led by Stepan Razin’s associate Ataman Alexei Khromoy. In Zmiev, these detachments united with others led by Stepan Razin’s brother, Frol. From here, messengers were sent to the cities and towns of the region, distributing “lovely letters” on behalf of Stepan Razin. The tsarist government brutally dealt with the rebels. The Zmiev centurion Pankrat Ryabus had his arms and legs cut off and then hanged. Ataman Pavel Storozh and Cossack Ivan Parasochin and many others were also hanged. However, anti-feudal protests did not stop. In 1707 - 1708 The Zmievites took part in the uprising under the leadership of Kondrat Bulavin.

In 1764 - 1775, detachments of Haidamaks operated in the Zmiev area. They became especially active during the period of the peasant war under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev in 1773-1775. In 1819, the workers of Zmiev took part in an uprising directed against Arakcheevsky military settlements.

Before the reform, three fairs were held annually in Zmijovo. At the beginning of the 60s of the 19th century there were already four of them. 15 shops, three wine cellars and three inns were constantly operating.

The largest enterprise in the city, a paper mill, produced wrapping paper. It was equipped with two bulky steam boilers and an unproductive paper-making machine. Almost all processes involved manual work.

The city budget allocated meager funds for the development of education, health care and improvement. In 1839, an inspector of the Kharkov government noted that in Zmiev the hospital was located in a rented, unsuitable, low and damp room, the pharmacy was very cramped and unequipped. In 1866, the zemstvo began to build a hospital, but it was opened only 29 years later. On the first floor there was an outpatient clinic, on the second there was a hospital with 17 beds. The hospital was served by one doctor and two paramedics. Given this state of medical care, widespread infectious diseases were common. Mortality among children was especially high.

The vast majority of the working population could not study. In 1861, a women's gymnasium was created with a six-year period of study for 120 people. In 1910 it was turned into an eight-grade gymnasium for children of both sexes.

Zmiev- the administrative center of the Zmievsky district, the regional center of the Kharkov region, located 42 km from Kharkov on the banks of the Seversky Donets River, into which the Mzha River flows there. There are several legends telling about the origin of the name. In accordance with the first, during the reign of Peter I, a senior officer with the name Zmiy, or Zmiev, was ordered to strengthen the area to repel the raids of the Tatars. The area where he lived was later called Serpentine. However, the Serpentine Settlement was first mentioned in books in 1627, so the hero of this legend cannot be involved in the origin of the name. The second legend gives the name to the city from the river flowing in the center with the old name Zmeyka or Zmeyovka, so named because of its numerous bends. It is also possible that Zmiev was named so because of the considerable number of reptiles living in this forest and wetland area. The main version leans towards the origin of the name from the “Serpentine Ramparts” - the remains of ancient structures formed to defend the area from the raids of nomads even before the period of Kievan Rus.

Already in the first century BC, the area of ​​modern Zmiev was inhabited by ancient tribes of Slavs, Pechenegs, Sarmatians, Scythians, Goths, Polovtsians, Alans and Avars. The first fortifications were built in 1640. But the Mongol-Tatars, who often raided this area, destroyed them. They were later restored. In 1668, the fortress consisted of 7 cannons and a large supply of cannonballs, and was surrounded by embankments and a system of underground passages, which helped to restrain further advances of the Tatar horde. In the same year, an uprising arose against the authorities under the leadership of the chieftain Ivan Sirk. And already in 1670 city ​​of Zmiev became the center of the uprising under the leadership of Stepan Razin. The city received its status between 1797 and 1803. At the beginning of the 20th century, Zmiev became a regional center.

The Second World War resulted in two occupations for the residents of Zmiev - in 1941 and 1943. City schools, hospitals, and local clubs were destroyed. The villages of Taranovka, Mokhnach, Sokolovo, Krasnaya Polyana in the Zmievsky district were completely destroyed. The famous “Battle of Sokolovo”, which began on March 8, 1943, brought glory to the commander of one of the battalions of the Czechoslovak People’s Army, Ludwig Svoboda. During the battle, 6 armored personnel carriers, 19 tanks were destroyed, and 300 German army personnel were killed. The city of Zmiev was liberated in August 1943. Between 1976 and 1990 the city was called Gottwald, in honor of the Czechoslovak Communist leader Klement Gottwald.

Among the outstanding personalities of Zmiev, one can note the Hero of the Soviet Union - Otakar Jaros, a native of the city of Louny, Czech Republic. He took part in the Battle of Sokolovo, where he showed his courage and bravery. He was wounded several times, but continued to fight, during which he ran out to an advancing German tank with a bunch of grenades, but was killed by machine-gun fire. The tank did not stop and continued its movement, running over Otakar’s body. Just at that moment the grenades exploded and the tank was destroyed. For this act, Otakar Yarosh was posthumously awarded the rank of captain and soon the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He became the first foreign citizen to be awarded this title. Many Kharkov, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk and Buzuluk (in Russia) streets are named in his honor.

Today, there is a local history museum in Zmiev, opened in 1991. It presents archaeological finds collected in the Zmievsky district. The museum also displays many paintings, in particular a work depicting the crash of the royal train, on the site of which the village of Spasov Skit was later founded. Not far from the city there is an experimental center - the Institute of the Ionosphere, based on the Kharkov Polytechnic Institute. The station was created to study the impact of radio emission on the ionosphere; it has two incoherent radiation radars, a full-rotation antenna (360 o/90 o) with a diameter of 25 meters and a static antenna with a diameter of 100 meters. It is also impossible not to mention the unique Gomilshan Forests National Park - a natural reserve whose area covers more than 14,000 hectares of forest beauty.

Located 42 km from the regional center of Kharkov at the confluence of the Seversky Donets and Mzha rivers.

Geographical position

City Zmiev is located on the right bank of the Seversky Donets River at the confluence of the Mzha River, which divides the city into two parts.

Large railway junction, Zmiev station, a highway passes through the city T-2105 .

Story

origin of name

There are at least five toponymic versions of the origin of the name “Zm” e ev" ("Zm And ev"):

1. In the dense forests and impenetrable swamps surrounding the city, lived a winged multi-headed Serpent, known according to legend as the Serpent Gorynych, who was harnessed to the plow by Nikita Kozhemyaka;
2. The river flowing into the Mozh was winding and resembled a snake, which could also give the name to the settlement;
3. The huge number of reptiles that lived in this swampy area with dense forests gave rise to the name “snake” for the area;
4. Not far from present-day Zmiev was the capital of the Polovtsians - Sharukan, which was called the “city of Zm” And I".
5. The version recognized by most historians - the name comes from the so-called. "Zm And evy ramparts" - the remains of ancient defensive structures created before Kievan Rus and intended, according to assumptions, for the purpose of protection against raids of steppe nomads. The total length of the various shaft systems from the Carpathians to the Don is several thousand kilometers. In the Zmiev area, transport routes are laid along some shafts.

Ancient history

The area where modern Zmiev is located was inhabited before the 1st millennium BC. e. Among the tribes that inhabited these lands, the Scythians, Sarmatians, Goths, Huns, Alans, Avars, Cumans, Pechenegs, Tatars and Slavs are reliably known.

The “History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR” (volume “Kharkov Region”) states that in -1185 Igor Svyatoslavich, Prince Novgorod-Seversky, founded a number of settlements on the Donets, among which was the Zmeevo settlement. But in the book to which the authors refer, there is absolutely no mention of the Serpentine Settlement. This fact has been repeatedly noted by researchers.

17th century

Zmievsk O This guard settlement was founded by the Dnieper Cherkasy Cossacks at the intersection of two rivers - the Seversky Donets and Mzhi. The mention of the Zmiev settlement is recorded in the “Book of the Big Drawing” (1627).

And below Mzha on the Donets, on the Crimean side, there is the Zmeevo fortification, and the Zmeev Kurgan is also 2 versts from Mzha. And below the Zmeevo fortifications is the river Komolsha, and on Komolsha the Kamennoye fortification, from Zmeev 10 versts, in the forest near the Donets. (sheet 37 ver. and sheet 38)

The first Cossack fortress was built in 1640. Soon the Crimean Tatars, who often carried out raids in these parts, destroyed it. The Cossacks, led by Kondraty Sulima, defeated the invaders and the fortress was restored.

XVIII century

XX century

The greatest socio-economic development of the city occurred in the period 1964-1982. Subsequently, during 1982-1991. There is a slow decline in production indicators, both in industry and in agriculture, which was due to the systemic crisis of the planned economy of the USSR.

XXI Century

• 2004 - the beginning of construction of the Holy Trinity Church (in the same place where the Temple had previously been, but was destroyed under the USSR)
• 2009 - the first ATB supermarket in Zmiev began operating

Mayors

Currently - Pyotr Vladimirovich Kuchkov.

Population

The population of the city of Zmiev is 16,976 people (according to the 2001 census).

The population density is 303 people per 1 square kilometer.

Symbolism

The red field of the coat of arms depicts a “golden serpent wriggling upward with a city crown on its head,” clearly showing the very name of the city, as well as the abundance of snakes in the surrounding area.

Education

Donetsk | right tributary Bolshaya Kamenka | Kamensk-Shakhtinsky | left tributary Glubokaya | Kalitvenskaya | Coke| Belaya Kalitva | left tributary Kalitva | Sinegorsky | Krasnodonetskaya| left tributary Napoleon again took the snuff-box, silently walked around the room several times and suddenly unexpectedly approached Balashev and with a slight smile, so confidently, quickly, simply, as if he were doing something not only important, but also pleasant for Balashev, he raised his hand to the face of the forty-year-old Russian general and, taking him by the ear, tugged him slightly, smiling with only his lips.
– Avoir l"oreille tiree par l"Empereur [Being torn out by the ear by the emperor] was considered the greatest honor and favor at the French court.
“Eh bien, vous ne dites rien, admirateur et courtisan de l"Empereur Alexandre? [Well, why aren’t you saying anything, admirer and courtier of Emperor Alexander?] - he said, as if it was funny to be someone else’s in his presence courtisan and admirateur [court and admirer], except for him, Napoleon.
– Are the horses ready for the general? – he added, slightly bowing his head in response to Balashev’s bow.
- Give him mine, he has a long way to go...
The letter brought by Balashev was Napoleon's last letter to Alexander. All the details of the conversation were conveyed to the Russian emperor, and the war began.

After his meeting in Moscow with Pierre, Prince Andrey left for St. Petersburg on business, as he told his relatives, but, in essence, in order to meet there Prince Anatoly Kuragin, whom he considered necessary to meet. Kuragin, whom he inquired about when he arrived in St. Petersburg, was no longer there. Pierre let his brother-in-law know that Prince Andrei was coming to pick him up. Anatol Kuragin immediately received an appointment from the Minister of War and left for the Moldavian Army. At the same time, in St. Petersburg, Prince Andrei met Kutuzov, his former general, always disposed towards him, and Kutuzov invited him to go with him to the Moldavian Army, where the old general was appointed commander-in-chief. Prince Andrei, having received the appointment to be at the headquarters of the main apartment, left for Turkey.
Prince Andrei considered it inconvenient to write to Kuragin and summon him. Without giving a new reason for the duel, Prince Andrei considered the challenge on his part to be compromising Countess Rostov, and therefore he sought a personal meeting with Kuragin, in which he intended to find a new reason for the duel. But in the Turkish army he also failed to meet Kuragin, who soon after the arrival of Prince Andrei in the Turkish army returned to Russia. In a new country and in new living conditions, life became easier for Prince Andrei. After the betrayal of his bride, which struck him the more diligently the more diligently he hid the effect it had on him from everyone, the living conditions in which he was happy were difficult for him, and even more difficult were the freedom and independence that he had so valued before. Not only did he not think those previous thoughts that first came to him while looking at the sky on the Field of Austerlitz, which he loved to develop with Pierre and which filled his solitude in Bogucharovo, and then in Switzerland and Rome; but he was even afraid to remember these thoughts, which revealed endless and bright horizons. He was now interested only in the most immediate, practical interests, unrelated to his previous ones, which he grabbed with the greater greed, the more closed from him the previous ones were. It was as if that endless receding vault of the sky that had previously stood above him suddenly turned into a low, definite, oppressive vault, in which everything was clear, but there was nothing eternal and mysterious.
Of the activities presented to him, military service was the simplest and most familiar to him. Holding the position of general on duty at Kutuzov's headquarters, he persistently and diligently went about his business, surprising Kutuzov with his willingness to work and accuracy. Not finding Kuragin in Turkey, Prince Andrei did not consider it necessary to jump after him again to Russia; but for all that, he knew that, no matter how much time passed, he could not, having met Kuragin, despite all the contempt that he had for him, despite all the proofs that he made to himself that he should not humiliate himself to the point of confrontation with him, he knew that, having met him, he could not help but call him, just as a hungry man could not help but rush to food. And this consciousness that the insult had not yet been taken out, that the anger had not been poured out, but lay in the heart, poisoned the artificial calm that Prince Andrei had arranged for himself in Turkey in the form of preoccupied, busy and somewhat ambitious and vain activities.
In 12, when news of the war with Napoleon reached Bukarest (where Kutuzov lived for two months, spending days and nights with his Wallachian), Prince Andrei asked Kutuzov to transfer to the Western Army. Kutuzov, who was already tired of Bolkonsky with his activities, which served as a reproach for his idleness, Kutuzov very willingly let him go and gave him an assignment to Barclay de Tolly.
Before going to the army, which was in the Drissa camp in May, Prince Andrei stopped at Bald Mountains, which were on his very road, located three miles from the Smolensk highway. The last three years and the life of Prince Andrei there were so many upheavals, he changed his mind, experienced so much, re-saw (he traveled both west and east), that he was strangely and unexpectedly struck when entering Bald Mountains - everything was exactly the same, down to the smallest detail - exactly the same course of life. As if he were entering an enchanted, sleeping castle, he drove into the alley and into the stone gates of the Lysogorsk house. The same sedateness, the same cleanliness, the same silence were in this house, the same furniture, the same walls, the same sounds, the same smell and the same timid faces, only somewhat older. Princess Marya was still the same timid, ugly, aging girl, in fear and eternal moral suffering, living the best years of her life without benefit or joy. Bourienne was the same flirtatious girl, joyfully enjoying every minute of her life and filled with the most joyful hopes for herself, pleased with herself. She only became more confident, as it seemed to Prince Andrei. The teacher Desalles brought from Switzerland was dressed in a frock coat of Russian cut, distorting the language, spoke Russian with the servants, but he was still the same limitedly intelligent, educated, virtuous and pedantic teacher. The old prince changed physically only in that the lack of one tooth became noticeable on the side of his mouth; morally he was still the same as before, only with even greater embitterment and distrust of the reality of what was happening in the world. Only Nikolushka grew up, changed, became flushed, acquired curly dark hair and, without knowing it, laughing and having fun, raised the upper lip of his pretty mouth in the same way as the deceased little princess raised it. He alone did not obey the law of immutability in this enchanted, sleeping castle. But although in appearance everything remained the same, the internal relations of all these persons had changed since Prince Andrei had not seen them. The members of the family were divided into two camps, alien and hostile to each other, which now converged only in his presence, changing their usual way of life for him. To one belonged the old prince, m lle Bourienne and the architect, to the other - Princess Marya, Desalles, Nikolushka and all the nannies and mothers.
During his stay in Bald Mountains, everyone at home dined together, but everyone felt awkward, and Prince Andrei felt that he was a guest for whom they were making an exception, that he was embarrassing everyone with his presence. During lunch on the first day, Prince Andrei, involuntarily feeling this, was silent, and the old prince, noticing the unnaturalness of his state, also fell gloomily silent and now after lunch went to his room. When Prince Andrei came to him in the evening and, trying to stir him up, began to tell him about the campaign of the young Count Kamensky, the old prince unexpectedly began a conversation with him about Princess Marya, condemning her for her superstition, for her dislike for m lle Bourienne, who, according to According to him, there was one truly devoted to him.
The old prince said that if he was sick, it was only because of Princess Marya; that she deliberately torments and irritates him; that she spoils little Prince Nikolai with self-indulgence and stupid speeches. The old prince knew very well that he was torturing his daughter, that her life was very hard, but he also knew that he could not help but torment her and that she deserved it. “Why doesn’t Prince Andrei, who sees this, tell me anything about his sister? - thought the old prince. - What does he think, that I’m a villain or an old fool, I moved away from my daughter for no reason and brought the French woman closer to me? He doesn’t understand, and therefore we need to explain to him, we need him to listen,” thought the old prince. And he began to explain the reasons why he could not stand his daughter’s stupid character.
“If you ask me,” said Prince Andrey, without looking at his father (he condemned his father for the first time in his life), “I didn’t want to talk; but if you ask me, then I will tell you frankly my opinion about all this. If there are misunderstandings and discord between you and Masha, then I can’t blame her at all - I know how much she loves and respects you. If you ask me,” continued Prince Andrei, getting irritated, because he was always ready for irritation lately, “then I can say one thing: if there are misunderstandings, then the reason for them is an insignificant woman, who should not have been her sister’s friend.” .
At first the old man looked at his son with fixed eyes and unnaturally revealed with a smile a new tooth deficiency, which Prince Andrei could not get used to.
-What kind of girlfriend, darling? A? I've already spoken! A?
“Father, I didn’t want to be a judge,” said Prince Andrei in a bilious and harsh tone, “but you called me, and I said and will always say that Princess Marya is not to blame, but it’s the fault... this Frenchwoman is to blame...”
“And he awarded!.. he awarded!” the old man said in a quiet voice and, as it seemed to Prince Andrei, with embarrassment, but then suddenly he jumped up and shouted: “Get out, get out!” May your spirit not be here!..

Prince Andrey wanted to leave immediately, but Princess Marya begged him to stay another day. On this day, Prince Andrei did not see his father, who did not go out and did not allow anyone to see him except M lle Bourienne and Tikhon, and asked several times whether his son had left. The next day, before leaving, Prince Andrei went to see his son's half. A healthy, curly-haired boy sat on his lap. Prince Andrei began to tell him the tale of Bluebeard, but, without finishing it, he became lost in thought. He was not thinking about this pretty boy son while he was holding him on his lap, but was thinking about himself. He searched in horror and found in himself neither remorse for having irritated his father, nor regret that he (in a quarrel for the first time in his life) was leaving him. The most important thing for him was that he was looking for and did not find that former tenderness for his son, which he hoped to arouse in himself by caressing the boy and sitting him on his lap.
“Well, tell me,” said the son. Prince Andrei, without answering him, took him down from the pillars and left the room.
As soon as Prince Andrei left his daily activities, especially as soon as he entered into the previous conditions of life in which he had been even when he was happy, the melancholy of life gripped him with the same force, and he hurried to quickly get away from these memories and find something to do quickly.
– Are you going decisively, Andre? - his sister told him.
“Thank God I can go,” said Prince Andrey, “I’m very sorry that you can’t.”
- Why are you saying this! - said Princess Marya. - Why are you saying this now, when you are going to this terrible war and he is so old! M lle Bourienne said that he asked about you... - As soon as she began to talk about this, her lips trembled and tears began to fall. Prince Andrei turned away from her and began to walk around the room.
- Oh my god! My God! - he said. – And just think about what and who – what insignificance can be the cause of people’s misfortune! - he said with anger, which frightened Princess Marya.
She realized that, speaking about the people whom he called nonentities, he meant not only m lle Bourienne, who made him misfortune, but also the person who ruined his happiness.
“Andre, I ask one thing, I beg you,” she said, touching his elbow and looking at him with shining eyes through tears. – I understand you (Princess Marya lowered her eyes). Don't think that it was people who caused the grief. People are his instrument. “She looked a little higher than Prince Andrei’s head with that confident, familiar look with which they look at a familiar place in a portrait. - The grief was sent to them, not people. People are his tools, they are not to blame. If it seems to you that someone is to blame for you, forget it and forgive. We have no right to punish. And you will understand the happiness of forgiving.
– If I were a woman, I would do this, Marie. This is the virtue of a woman. But a man should not and cannot forget and forgive,” he said, and, although he had not thought about Kuragin until that moment, all the unresolved anger suddenly rose in his heart. “If Princess Marya is already trying to persuade me to forgive me, then it means I should have been punished a long time ago,” he thought. And, no longer answering Princess Marya, he now began to think about that joyful, angry moment when he would meet Kuragin, who (he knew) was in the army.
Princess Marya begged her brother to wait another day, saying that she knew how unhappy her father would be if Andrei left without making peace with him; but Prince Andrei replied that he would probably soon come back from the army again, that he would certainly write to his father, and that now the longer he stayed, the more this discord would be fueled.
– Adieu, Andre! Rappelez vous que les malheurs viennent de Dieu, et que les hommes ne sont jamais coupables, [Farewell, Andrey! Remember that misfortunes come from God and that people are never to blame.] - were the last words he heard from his sister when he said goodbye to her.
“This is how it should be! - thought Prince Andrei, driving out of the alley of the Lysogorsk house. “She, a pitiful innocent creature, is left to be devoured by a crazy old man.” The old man feels that he is to blame, but cannot change himself. My boy is growing up and enjoying a life in which he will be the same as everyone else, deceived or deceiving. I'm going to the army, why? - I don’t know myself, and I want to meet that person whom I despise, in order to give him a chance to kill me and laugh at me! And before there were all the same living conditions, but before they were all connected with each other, but now everything has fallen apart. Some senseless phenomena, without any connection, one after another presented themselves to Prince Andrei.

Prince Andrei arrived at the army headquarters at the end of June. The troops of the first army, the one with which the sovereign was located, were located in a fortified camp near Drissa; the troops of the second army retreated, trying to connect with the first army, from which - as they said - they were cut off by large forces of the French. Everyone was dissatisfied with the general course of military affairs in the Russian army; but no one thought about the danger of an invasion of the Russian provinces, no one imagined that the war could be transferred further than the western Polish provinces.
Prince Andrei found Barclay de Tolly, to whom he was assigned, on the banks of the Drissa. Since there was not a single large village or town in the vicinity of the camp, the entire huge number of generals and courtiers who were with the army were located in a circle of ten miles in the best houses of the villages, on this and on the other side of the river. Barclay de Tolly stood four miles from the sovereign. He received Bolkonsky dryly and coldly and said in his German accent that he would report him to the sovereign to determine his appointment, and in the meantime he asked him to be at his headquarters. Anatoly Kuragin, whom Prince Andrei hoped to find in the army, was not here: he was in St. Petersburg, and this news was pleasant for Bolkonsky. Prince Andrei was interested in the center of the huge war taking place, and he was glad to be free for a while from the irritation that the thought of Kuragin produced in him. During the first four days, during which he was not required anywhere, Prince Andrey traveled around the entire fortified camp and, with the help of his knowledge and conversations with knowledgeable people, tried to form a definite concept about him. But the question of whether this camp was profitable or unprofitable remained unresolved for Prince Andrei. He had already managed to derive from his military experience the conviction that in military affairs the most thoughtfully thought-out plans mean nothing (as he saw it in the Austerlitz campaign), that everything depends on how one responds to unexpected and unforeseen actions of the enemy, that everything depends on how and by whom the whole business is conducted. In order to clarify this last question, Prince Andrei, taking advantage of his position and acquaintances, tried to understand the nature of the administration of the army, the persons and parties participating in it, and derived for himself the following concept of the state of affairs.
When the sovereign was still in Vilna, the army was divided into three: the 1st army was under the command of Barclay de Tolly, the 2nd army was under the command of Bagration, the 3rd army was under the command of Tormasov. The sovereign was with the first army, but not as commander-in-chief. The order did not say that the sovereign would command, it only said that the sovereign would be with the army. In addition, the sovereign did not personally have the headquarters of the commander-in-chief, but the headquarters of the imperial headquarters. With him was the chief of the imperial staff, Quartermaster General Prince Volkonsky, generals, adjutants, diplomatic officials and a large number of foreigners, but there was no army headquarters. In addition, without a position under the sovereign were: Arakcheev - a former minister of war, Count Bennigsen - the senior general of the generals, Grand Duke Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich, Count Rumyantsev - chancellor, Stein - a former Prussian minister, Armfeld - a Swedish general, Pfuhl - the main compiler campaign plan, Adjutant General Paulucci - a Sardinian native, Wolzogen and many others. Although these persons were without military positions in the army, they had influence due to their position, and often the corps commander and even the commander-in-chief did not know why Bennigsen, or the Grand Duke, or Arakcheev, or Prince Volkonsky was asking or advising this or that. and did not know whether such an order was coming from him or from the sovereign in the form of advice and whether it was necessary or not necessary to carry it out. But this was an external situation, but the essential meaning of the presence of the sovereign and all these persons, from the court point of view (and in the presence of the sovereign, everyone becomes a courtier), was clear to everyone. It was as follows: the sovereign did not assume the title of commander-in-chief, but was in charge of all the armies; the people surrounding him were his assistants. Arakcheev was a faithful executor, guardian of order and bodyguard of the sovereign; Bennigsen was a landowner of the Vilna province, who seemed to be doing les honneurs [was busy with the business of receiving the sovereign] of the region, but in essence was a good general, useful for advice and in order to always have him ready to replace Barclay. The Grand Duke was here because it pleased him. The former minister Stein was here because he was useful to the council, and because Emperor Alexander highly valued his personal qualities. Armfeld was an angry hater of Napoleon and a general, self-confident, which always had an influence on Alexander. Paulucci was here because he was bold and decisive in his speeches, the General Adjutants were here because they were everywhere where the sovereign was, and, finally, and most importantly, Pfuel was here because he, having drawn up a plan for the war against Napoleon and forced Alexander believed in the feasibility of this plan and led the entire war effort. Under Pfuel there was Wolzogen, who conveyed Pfuel’s thoughts in a more accessible form than Pfuel himself, a harsh, self-confident to the point of contempt for everything, an armchair theorist.
In addition to these named persons, Russian and foreign (especially foreigners, who, with the courage characteristic of people in activity among a foreign environment, offered new unexpected thoughts every day), there were many more minor persons who were with the army because their principals were here.

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A detailed map of the city of Zmiev with street names shows all routes and objects, including st. Gagarin and Pioneer. The city is located near. For a detailed examination of the territory of the entire region, it is enough to change the scale of the online diagram +/-. On the page there is an interactive map of the city of Zmiev with addresses and routes of the area, move its center to find the streets - Kalinina and Sadovaya.

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