Region city populated area. Categories of cities (Russia)

There are regional centers of Russia (or administrative centers alternative to them) in every subject of our state, and most often they are the largest cities of the region, republic or region. There are also regions in Russia where the main city is not the largest in terms of population; its status was approved based on other considerations. Let's talk about everything in order.

Regional centers - cities of Russia

Russia is a federal state that has administrative and territorial divisions. This means that the entire territory is divided into parts (regions, republics, territories, autonomous okrugs). The main purpose of such a section is to simplify the management of such a large country. We should also not forget about federal cities; they have their own form of self-government. One of these cities is the capital of our Motherland - Moscow, which is also the regional center of Russia.

Two other cities with a similar organizational form of government are St. Petersburg and, more recently, Sevastopol. These cities have special significance for the country and for the world, and St. Petersburg was the capital of the Russian Empire for a long time.

What other large regional centers of Russia are there? This should include cities with a population of over a million, which are also administrative centers:

• Novosibirsk;
• Kazan;
• Ekaterinburg;
• Omsk;
• Samara;
• Chelyabinsk;
• Nizhny Novgorod;
• Rostov-on-Don;

Population of regional centers of Russia

Listed above are the cities where a population numbering in the millions lives, as well as those that are the administrative centers of the respective regions.

There are a number of cities in the Russian Federation that are also the main ones, but they are home to less than one million people, these include:

• Krasnoyarsk;
• Saratov;
• Voronezh;
• Yaroslavl;
• Izhevsk;
• Krasnodar;
• Irkutsk;
• Ulyanovsk;
• Barnaul;
• Vladivostok.

This list can also include cities with a population of slightly more than 500 thousand people, although they are regional centers of Russia. These are the cities: Penza, Lipetsk, Orenburg, Astrakhan, Khabarovsk, Ryazan, Tyumen.

The smallest regional centers and some exceptions

Russia is a very large country, and not all of its territory has a high population density. This characteristic may even apply to administrative centers that are among the most developed. This is especially evident in the North Caucasus, as, for example, in the Chechen Republic. Thus, only 220 thousand people live in Grozny. And in the north of our country, where the Komi Republic is located, in the republican capital Syktyvkar, there are 230 thousand people.

This list also includes cities such as Blagoveshchensk, Veliky Novgorod, Yakutsk, Pskov, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and Maykop.

As mentioned above, the largest cities in an administrative entity of a state are not always regional centers of Russia, but this is rather an exception to the rule. For example, the city of Novokuznetsk has long been the administrative center of the Kemerovo region. Only in 2015 the city of Kemerovo received this status.

Exceptions also include the Republic of Ingushetia, where the main city is Magas, with a population of 7 thousand people, while there is a larger city - Nazran with a population of 110 thousand people.

This list also includes the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug with the administrative center of Khanty-Mansiysk and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where the main city is Salekhard.

All cities in Russia are divided into three categories according to the level of ATD:

• federal city
• city ​​regional(republican / regional / regional / district) values
• city ​​of district significance

• 1 Federal city
• 2 City of regional significance
  • 2.1 Cities of republican significance
  • 2.2 Cities of regional significance
  • 2.3 Cities of regional significance
  • 2.4 Cities of district significance
• 3 City of district significance
• 4 History
• 5 See also
• 6 Notes

Federal city

A city of federal significance is an independent upper-level administrative unit along with republics, territories, autonomous okrugs and regions.

There are three such cities in the Russian Federation: Moscow (1993), St. Petersburg (1993) and Sevastopol (1948). City status Baikonur, located in the Russian Federation on a lease basis under the Russian-Kazakhstan Treaty, also has federal significance in the Russian Federation, but is not a subject of the Russian Federation.

City of regional significance

A city of regional significance is an independent administrative unit of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation on a par with districts and is directly subordinate to the administration of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. This category includes all administrative centers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as large regional centers.

In Russia there are the following cities of regional significance ( bold administrative centers are allocated):

Cities of republican significance

• Adygea: Adygeisk, Maykop
• Altai: Gorno-Altaisk
• Bashkortostan: Agidel, Kumertau, Neftekamsk, Oktyabrsky (1946), Salavat, Sibay, Sterlitamak, Ufa; THEN Mezhgorye. Previously, cities of republican significance also included Baymak, Belebey, Beloretsk, Birsk, Blagoveshchensk (1989), Davlekanovo, Dyurtyuli, Ishimbay (1940-2000), Meleuz, Tuymazy, Uchaly, Chernikovsk (1944-1956), Yanaul.
• Buryatia: Severobaykalsk, Ulan-Ude. Previously, cities of republican significance were also Babushkin, Gusinoozersk, Zakamensk (1944-1965).
• Dagestan: Buinaksk, Dagestan Lights (1990), Derbent, Izberbash, Kaspiysk, Kizilyurt, Kizlyar, Makhachkala, Khasavyurt, Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk
• Ingushetia: Karabulak (1995), Magas, Malgobek, Nazran
• Kabardino-Balkaria: Baksan (2003), Nalchik, Cool. Previously, Tyrnyauz was also a city of republican significance.
• Kalmykia: Gorodovikovsk, Lagan, Elista
• Karachay-Cherkessia: Karachaevsk, Cherkessk
• Karelia: Kostomuksha, Petrozavodsk, Sortavala
• Komi: Vorkuta, Vuktyl, Inta, Pechora, Sosnogorsk, Syktyvkar, Usinsk, Ukhta
• Crimea: Alushta (1964), Armyansk (1993), Dzhankoy(1958), Evpatoria (1946), Kerch (1946), Krasnoperekopsk (1976), Saki (1979), Simferopol(1946), Sudak (1991), Feodosia (1946), Yalta (1946)
• Mari El: Volzhsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Kozmodemyansk
• Mordovia: Kovylkino, Ruzaevka, Saransk
• Sakha (Yakutia): Yakutsk. Previously, cities of republican significance also included Mirny, Neryungri, Nyurba (1997-2006), Pokrovsk (1997-2006).
• North Ossetia: Vladikavkaz
• Tatarstan: Aznakaevo, Almetyevsk, Bavly, Bugulma, Buinsk, Yelabuga, Zainsk, Zelenodolsk, Kazan, Leninogorsk, Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizhnekamsk, Nurlat, Chistopol
• Tyva: Ak-Dovurak, Kyzyl
• Udmurtia: Votkinsk, Glazov, Izhevsk, Mozhga, Sarapul
• Khakassia: Abaza, Abakan, Sayanogorsk, Sorsk, Chernogorsk
• Chechnya: Argun, Grozny, Gudermes
• Chuvashia: Alatyr, Kanash, Novocheboksarsk, Cheboksary, Shumerlya

Cities of regional significance

• Altai Territory: Aleysk, Barnaul, Belokurikha, Biysk, Zarinsk, Kamen-on-Obi, Novoaltaisk, Rubtsovsk, Slavgorod, Yarovoye. Previously, cities of regional significance were also Gornyak and Zmeinogorsk (1952-2008).
• Transbaikal region: Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, Chita. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Baley (1938-2008), Borzya, and Krasnokamensk.
• Kamchatka region: Palana, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky; THEN Vilyuchinsk. Previously, Yelizovo was also a city of regional significance.
• Krasnodar region: Anapa, Armavir, Gelendzhik, Goryachy Klyuch, Krasnodar, Novorossiysk, Sochi. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Belorechensk (1979-2005), Yeisk (1939-2008), Kropotkin (1943-2008), Krymsk (1981-2005), Labinsk (1965-2005), Slavyansk-on-Kuban (1965-2005) ), Tikhoretsk (1961-2005), Tuapse (1935-2007).
• Krasnoyarsk Territory: Achinsk, Bogotol, Borodino, Divnogorsk, Yeniseisk, Kansk, Krasnoyarsk, Lesosibirsk, Minusinsk, Nazarovo, Norilsk, Sosnovoborsk, Sharypovo (1981); THEN Zheleznogorsk, Zelenogorsk. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Zaozerny (1948-2008) and Igarka.
• Perm region: Berezniki, Gubakha, Kudymkar, Kungur, Lysva, Permian, Solikamsk; BUT Stellar. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Alexandrovsk (1951-2006), Gremyachinsk, Kizel, Krasnokamsk, Ugleuralsky (1946-1960), Tchaikovsky (1963-2005), Chusovoy.
• Primorsky Territory: Arsenyev, Artyom, Vladivostok, Dalnegorsk, Dalnerechensk, Lesozavodsk, Nakhodka, Partizansk, Spassk-Dalniy, Ussuriysk; BUT Bolshoi Kamen, Fokino.
• Stavropol Territory: Budyonnovsk, Georgievsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk, Lermontov, Nevinnomyssk, Pyatigorsk, Stavropol. Previously, Mineralnye Vody was also a city of regional significance (1956-2007).
• Khabarovsk Territory: Amursk, Bikin, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, Sovetskaya Gavan, Khabarovsk

Cities of regional significance

• Amur region: Blagoveshchensk, Belogorsk, Zeya, Raichikhinsk, Svobodny, Tynda, Shimanovsk
• Arhangelsk region: Arkhangelsk, Koryazhma, Kotlas, Novodvinsk, Severodvinsk; BUT Peaceful. Previously, Onega was also a city of regional significance (1963-2006).
• Astrakhan region: Astrakhan, Akhtubinsk; THEN Znamensk.
• Belgorod region: Alekseevka, Belgorod, Valuyki, Gubkin, Stary Oskol, Shebekino.
• Bryansk region: Bryansk, Dyatkovo, Klintsy, Novozybkov, Seltso, Starodub. Previously, Bezhitsa was also a city of regional significance (1929-1956).
• Vladimir region: Vladimir, Gus-Khrustalny, Kovrov, Murom; BUT Rainbow. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Vyazniki, Kolchugino, Sobinka, Suzdal (1967-2006).
• Volgograd region: Volgograd, Volzhsky, Kamyshin, Mikhailovka, Uryupinsk, Frolovo.
• Vologda Region: Vologda, Cherepovets, Veliky Ustyug, Nikolsk
• Voronezh region: Borisoglebsk, Voronezh, Novovoronezh. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Liski, Ostrogozhsk, Povorino, and Rossosh.
• Ivanovo region: Vichuga, Ivanovo, Kineshma, Kokhma, Teykovo, Shuya. Previously, Furmanov was also a city of regional significance.
• Irkutsk region: Bratsk, Winter, Irkutsk, Sayansk, Svirsk, Tulun, Usolye-Sibirskoye, Ust-Ilimsk, Cheremkhovo. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Angarsk, Bodaibo, Nizhneudinsk, Taishet, Ust-Kut, Shelekhov.
• Kaliningrad region: Kaliningrad, Ladushkin, Mamonovo, Pionersky, Svetly, Sovetsk, Yantarny. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Baltiysk, Gusev, Neman, Svetlogorsk, Chernyakhovsk.
• Kaluga region: Kaluga, Kirov, Lyudinovo, Obninsk.
• Kemerovo region: Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk
• Kirov region: Kirov, Omutninsk.
• Kostroma region: Kostroma, Susanino
• Kurgan region: Kurgan
• Kursk region: Kursk
• Leningrad region: Sosnovy Bor (1973). Previously, cities of regional significance also included Boksitogorsk (1963-2006), Volkhov (1939-2006), Vsevolozhsk (1963-2006), Vyborg (1944-2006), Gatchina (1938-2006), Zelenogorsk (1940-1946), Ivangorod ( 1992-2006), Kingisepp (1976-2006), Kirishi (1967-2006), Kirovsk (1965-2006), Krasnoe Selo (1963-1973), Lodeynoye Pole (1965-2006), Lomonosov (1939-1978), Meadows(1939-2006), Pavlovsk (1939-1953), Pikalevo (1992-2006), Podporozhye (1963-2006), Priozersk(1944-2006), Svetogorsk (1951-1959), Sertolovo (1998-2006), Sestroretsk (1936-1946), Slantsy (1958-2006), Tikhvin (1945-2006), Tosno (1963-2006), Shlisselburg ( 1936-1959, 1993-2006).
• Lipetsk region: Lipetsk
• Magadan region: Magadan
• Moscow region: Balashikha, Bronnitsy, Dzerzhinsky, Dolgoprudny, Domodedovo, Dubna, Zhukovsky, Zvenigorod, Ivanteevka, Kolomna, Korolev, Kotelniki, Lobnya, Losino-Petrovsky, Lytkarino, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Ozyory, Podolsk, Protvino, Pushchino, Reutov, Roshal , Serpukhov, Fryazino, Khimki, Chernogolovka, Elektrogorsk, Elektrostal; THEN Vlasikha, Voskhod, Zvezdny Gorodok, Krasnoznamensk, Molodezhny. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Vidnoye, Volokolamsk, Voskresensk, Dmitrov, Yegoryevsk, Zheleznodorozhny, Zaraysk, Istra, Kashira, Klimovsk, Klin, Krasnogorsk, Lyubertsy, Lyublino, Mozhaisk, Mytishchi, Naro-Fominsk, Noginsk, Odintsovo, Ozyory, Pavlovsky Posad , Perovo, Pushkino, Ramenskoye, Sergiev Posad, Solnechnogorsk, Stupino, Troitsk, Tushino, Shatura, Shcherbinka, Yubileiny.
• Murmansk region: Murmansk, Olenegorsk.
• Nizhny Novgorod region: Arzamas, Bor, Vyksa, Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Pervomaisk, Sarov, Semenov, Shakhunya, Kulebaki
• Novgorod region: Velikiy Novgorod. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Borovichi (1930-2006), Staraya Russa (1939-2006).
• Novosibirsk region: Novosibirsk, Berdsk, Iskitim, Ob, Koltsovo.
• Omsk region: Omsk Kormilovka, Isilkul, Tara, Tyukalinsk
• Orenburg region: Orenburg
• Oryol region: Oryol
• Penza region: Penza Nikolsk
• Pskov region: Pskov, Velikiye Luki
• Rostov region: Rostov-on-Don, Azov, Aksai
• Ryazan Oblast: Ryazan, Kasimov, Skopin, Sasovo
• Samara region: Samara, Tolyatti
• Saratov region: Saratov
• Sakhalin region: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Oka
• Sverdlovsk region: Ekaterinburg, Kachkanar, Kushva, Lesnoy, Beloyarsky
• Smolensk region: Smolensk
• Tambov region: Tambov
• Tver region: Tver
• Tomsk region: Tomsk
• Tula region: Donskoy, Novogurovsky (2006), Novomoskovsk (1943), Tula. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Aleksin, Bogoroditsk, Efremov, Kimovsk, Uzlovaya (1943-2006), Shchekino.
• Tyumen region: Tyumen, Ishim, Tobolsk, Golyshmanovo, Abatskoye
• Ulyanovsk region: Ulyanovsk
• Chelyabinsk region: Verkhny Ufaley, Zlatoust, Karabash, Kopeisk, Kyshtym, Magnitogorsk, Miass, Troitsk, Ust-Katav, Chebarkul, Chelyabinsk, Yuzhnouralsk; THEN Ozyorsk, Snezhinsk, Trekhgorny. Previously, cities of regional significance also included Asha, Yemanzhelinsk, Kartaly, Kasli, Katav-Ivanovsk, Korkino (1942-2005), Plast, Satka.
• Yaroslavl region: Yaroslavl, Pereslavl-Zalesky, Rostov the Great

Cities of district significance

• Nenets Autonomous Okrug:
• Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug: Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut
• Chukotka Autonomous Okrug: Anadyr, Uelen, Carrying out
• Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Salekhard, Noyabrsk

City of district significance

The category of city of district significance includes all other cities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; such cities are subordinate to the district administration. Most often, cities of district significance are small district centers, as well as other cities that are part of the district.

Story

After the administrative reform, all cities of the Russian Empire began to be divided into provincial, county And ordinary. A provincial city was the administrative center of a province, a district city was a district in a province, a provincial city (also called a non-district or posad) city had all the rights of a city, but was not an administrative center.

For the first time, the separation of cities into independent administrative units was carried out in the second half of the 18th century, when the city of Narva was removed from the St. Petersburg province and was not assigned to any other province. In 1802, Narva was returned to the St. Petersburg province, but this year can be considered the beginning of a new stage in the history of cities.

It was in 1802 that the first city ​​authorities- cities with adjacent territories, separated from the provinces due to their special location or significance. Then three city governments were formed. Subsequently, some city governments were abolished, while others were formed; As a result, by 1917 there were nine city governments in the Russian Empire.

In 1917-1930, an active administrative and territorial reorganization of the country was carried out, a transition was made from the imperial system “province (region) - district - volost" to the new system "region (region, republic) - district - district", and then to the system “region (region, republic) - district”, which actually remains to this day. All city governments were abolished during this period; a new division of cities appeared. Division of cities and their list:

• city ​​of union subordination- a separate city, not included in the regions and union republics, with direct subordination to the top leadership of the USSR;
  • Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Alma-Ata, Sevastopol, Minsk, Dushanbe, Ashgabat, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok;
• city ​​of republican subordination- the administrative center of the Union Republic of the USSR, in some cases also some other cities of the Union Republics;
  • see Union republics of the USSR
• city ​​of republican (ASSR) subordination- administrative center of the ASSR as part of a union republic;
• city ​​of regional (territorial) subordination- administrative center of a region or region;
• city ​​of regional (AO) (district) subordination- administrative center of an autonomous region or autonomous district;
• city ​​of district subordination- administrative center of the region of the subject.

Until 1931, all cities were part of their own administrative units, and cities of republican subordination also served as administrative centers of the corresponding regions or districts.

In 1931, two large cities of the USSR - Moscow and Leningrad - were separated from their regions into independent units. In addition, Leningrad, while not being the capital of the republic, also received the category of “city of republican subordination.” In 1943 and 1946, respectively, the cities of Tashkent and Minsk were separated from their regions into independent units.

In 1943-1951, a number of large cities of the RSFSR were classified as cities of republican subordination, including Gorky, Krasnoyarsk, Kuibyshev, Molotov, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Rostov-on-Don, Saratov, Sverdlovsk, Sevastopol, Sochi, Stalingrad and Chelyabinsk . However, on June 3, 1958, all these cities (except Sevastopol) were returned to the categories of regional or regional subordination.

Also, starting from the 1920s, large regional centers began to receive the category of cities of republican (ASSR), regional, regional subordination, and in the union republics that do not have administrative units above the district (for example, the Moldavian SSR or the Estonian SSR) - republican subordination. in turn, cities that did not have any status receive the category of city of regional subordination.

Throughout time, cities of various categories have appeared and disappeared. The reason for transfer from one category to another could be a change in the administrative-territorial structure of the region (for example, the abolition of a district or the transfer of its administrative center), loss of the city’s significance for the region (for example, the closure of a city-forming enterprise), a significant reduction in population, loss of status cities, the merger of a city with a larger city and some other reasons.

In the first years after the collapse of the USSR, the situation did not change fundamentally, only the terminology changed: the clarification “(ASSR)” was removed, instead of the word “subordination” the word “meanings” began to be used, and the category “city of republican subordination” was replaced by the category “ federal city" After the administrative reform, cities of regional (i.e. republican, regional, regional, district) significance began to be called “urban district”, but the category of cities remains to this day. Some cities of regional significance were merged with their districts and actually moved into the category of cities of regional significance.

In other republics of the former USSR, the situation with cities developed differently. Thus, in Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine, the Soviet system of city categories was actually preserved; a number of cities were separated from the regions into independent units (Almaty and Astana in Kazakhstan, Bishkek and Osh in Kyrgyzstan, Dushanbe in Tajikistan, Ashgabat in Turkmenistan, Kyiv in Ukraine). In Lithuania, Georgia and Armenia, cities of republican subordination disappeared as a result of administrative-territorial reforms. In Estonia, cities of republican subordination were included in the counties, that is, in fact, they also ceased to exist. In Moldova, the category “city of republican subordination” was removed from all cities. Later, some cities were given the new status of “municipalities”, but it is not a strict equivalent of a “city of republican subordination”, for example, some municipalities are second-level administrative units, that is, they are part of a district or ATO.

see also

• City
• City status
• Urban district (territorial unit)
• City with special status

Notes

1. The year the category was assigned is indicated in brackets
2. Law of the Russian Federation dated 9th December 1992 No. 4061-I “On amendments and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Federation - Russia.” This law came into force upon publication in the Rossiyskaya Gazeta on January 12, 1993
3. In 1954, when the Crimean Peninsula was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR, the future status of Sevastopol was not spelled out in any way. After Ukraine declared independence, Sevastopol remained part of it “de facto”, where it received the unclear category of “city with a special status”. In March 2014, the Crimean Peninsula was returned to the Russian Federation, after which Sevastopol received modern status.
4. 1 2 3 4 Until 1990 - cities of regional (AO) subordination
5. Until March 2008 - cities of regional significance of the Chita region
6. Until July 2007 - cities of regional significance of the Kamchatka region
7. Until December 2005, Kudymkar was a city of district significance of the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, the rest were cities of regional significance of the Perm region
8. 1 2 Until 1944 - as part of the Leningrad region
9. 1 2 Until 1957 - part of the Moscow region

Categories of cities (Russia) Information About

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