In what climate zone is Tanzania located? General information about Tanzania

In the eastern part of Africa is located the magnificent exotic country of Tanzania. She became famous throughout the world thanks to her beautiful and amazing images. In this tropical corner of Africa you can relax with all your heart, get acquainted with all the representatives of the continent's fauna and have a wonderful time basking in the sun. Tourists with children also love Tanzania, because children in the country really have something to see and learn. Traveling to Tanzania will be one of your best decisions, it will bring many good memories and amazing moments. We will introduce you to this beautiful country and tell you everything an inexperienced tourist needs to know.

Tourism in Tanzania is one of the important areas that brings a lot of income to the country. More than 100 thousand holidaymakers visit the country during peak season. The largest tourist centers in Tanzania have long been, and. The capital of Tanzania is, and it has become the largest city and at the same time the main political center. At the moment, the country is recognized throughout the world as independent and has a presidential form of government. All nationally important issues are dealt with by the cabinet of ministers, the vice president, the deputy president and, naturally, the president himself.

Where is Tanzania?

Tanzania is located in eastern Africa. It borders on a large number of countries: Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique. On the eastern side the country is washed by the Indian Ocean. Accessible access to the ocean helps the country boost its economy through fishing and exports from local ports. Tanzania includes a large archipelago. It includes many small uninhabited islands and three large ones: Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia. This archipelago is autonomous.

Population and currency

The country's territory is divided into 30 regions, which have their own administrative centers. The population of Tanzania is more than 50 million people. A large number of people live in the villages of the country, and large cities are populated mainly by tourists. Unfortunately, in Tanzania the average age of life is 58 years. 44% of the population are residents who are between 14 and 17 years old. Such data indicate a low growth rate (only 2%) and high mortality in the country. Families in Tanzania have many children; currently, on average, each family has 4 children.

Tanzania's official currency is the Tanzanian shilling, and many restaurants, hotels and shops in the country accept US dollars as payment. 1 Tanzanian shilling is equivalent to 2.2 dollars. It is better to exchange currencies immediately upon arrival in the country. An amazing feature when exchanging is that banknotes of 50 and 100 dollars can be exchanged almost everywhere, but not every exchange office is ready to accept smaller bills.

Religion and language

Tanzania is home to about 120 types of ethnic groups, most of the inhabitants belong to the Bantu group of people. The main religion in Tanzania is Christianity. More than half of the population professes it. 30% of the inhabitants are Muslim, most of whom live in . 12% are Buddhists and Hindus. Often scandals and rallies arise due to religious disputes in Tanzania, so we advise tourists to carefully choose a city for their holiday, based on the local religion.

In addition to hotels, in Tanzania you can find lodges for your holidays, but, as a rule, their rental price is much higher than the daily cost of a hotel room. You can find a good camping option anywhere in the country. This type of stopover in the country is not particularly expensive.

Transport in Tanzania

Let's talk about one of the important points of your trip - transport in Tanzania. It can be noted that air transportation within the country is very well established, that is, getting from one end of the Republic to the other is not a problematic issue. In the situation with trains, the opposite is true. There are only two railway lines in the country with the routes Dar es Salaam - and Tanzania - Zambia. Ferries and boats ply between the islands of the archipelago.

In the cities of Tanzania themselves there are public buses and private taxis. Intercity routes are also served by public transport, but there is not much of it. Many tourists who come to Tanzania prefer to rent a car or bicycle, because the price for this service is relatively low.

Safety in Tanzania

Tanzania can hardly be called a safe country, and if you follow the basic recommendations, you can spend an unforgettable vacation there without any unpleasant incidents. A week before flying into the country, you will need to be vaccinated against yellow fever and Ebola disease. To protect yourself from malaria, purchase special medications and start taking them at least three days before departure.

While in the country, you should not carry large sums of money, gold or documents with you. Although the locals are smiling and friendly, there are a large number of street thieves among them. And you shouldn’t leave valuables in hotel rooms; it’s better to place them in the hotel safe before your trip. Always take copies of documents with you, because an identity check by the local police can catch you at any moment. If you do not show law enforcement agencies at least copies of your documents, you may be detained for several days until a full identity check is completed.

While in the country, try to walk along crowded streets. It is better to avoid dubious nooks and streets or cross them very quickly. Be extremely careful at night. A drunken tourist walking the streets of Tanzania at night is considered a “goldfish” for local thieves. Therefore, after dark it is safer to spend time on the hotel premises or take a taxi.

Another danger in the country is E. coli. Indeed, even in the largest cities in Tanzania there is a lack of compliance with sanitary standards, so it is strictly forbidden to drink tap water. When purchasing it, immediately check how it is sealed. In order to brush your teeth or wash the dishes, you should first boil the water or buy special tablets at the pharmacy.

How to get to Tanzania?

It is impossible to fly directly to Tanzania from Russian countries. But it is much easier for residents of Ukraine or Europe to get here. You can fly direct from Kyiv using the KLM route. In Europe, there are frequent flights to Tanzania from Amsterdam. Residents of Russia can make a transfer in Cairo, Dubai or London, and from the listed cities take a direct flight to the airport in Tanzania. By the way, before flying into the country you will have to pay an airline fee of $20.

The question is resolved very simply. You can submit an application with the relevant documents to the country's consulate and obtain a visitor visa for 90 days. A more simplified option would be to purchase a visa upon entering the country. Its duration reaches 25 days.

The official name is the United Republic of Tanzania.

Located in East Africa. Area 945.1 thousand km2, population 37.2 million people. (2002). The official languages ​​are English and Swahili. The capital is Dares Salaam (2489.8 thousand people, 2002). By 2005, the capital is planned to be moved to Dodoma. Public holiday - Unification Day on April 26 (since 1964). The currency is the Tanzanian shilling.

Member of the UN (since 1964), IMF (since 1996), AfDB, FAO, AU, SADC, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WTO, ECOWAS.

Sights of Tanzania

Geography of Tanzania

It is located between 29°35′ and 40°27′E longitude and 7°02′ and 11°47′S latitude. In the east it is washed by the Indian Ocean. The coast is abrasive with small bays. Near the mainland there are groups of islands (Zanzibar, Pemba, Mafia, etc.). It borders on Uganda in the north, Kenya in the northeast, Mozambique in the south, Malawi and Zambia in the southwest, and Burundi and Rwanda in the northwest.

Most of the territory is on the East African Plateau (over 1000 m). The highest point is Mount Kilimanjaro (5895 m). In place of the lowlands and gorges there are lakes Tanganyika, Malawi, Rukwa, Manyara and Eyasu.

There are deposits of nickel (31.4 million tons), diamonds, gold, tin, tungsten, mica optical quartz, precious stones, apatite, graphite, corundum, asbestos, talc, copper-polymetallic ores, salts, etc.

The soils are predominantly brown-red (ferrallitic and alferritic), in the driest areas they are red-brown, and in places saline.

The climate is equatorial-monsoon. The mountains have a pronounced altitudinal climatic zone. The average temperatures of the warmest month are +25-27°C, the coldest month is +12-22°C. Precipitation is 500-1500 mm per year.

The main rivers are Pangani (400 km), Rufiji (1400 km), Ruvuma (800 km). Along the border there are lakes: Victoria (68 thousand km2), Tanganyika (34 thousand km2), Nyasa (30.8 thousand km2).

Woodlands and savannas predominate. On the slopes of the high mountains there are moist evergreen mountain forests, higher up there is Afro-subalpine and Afro-alpine vegetation. Along the ocean coast there are mangrove forests in places.

The fauna is diverse: large herbivorous mammals (elephants, black rhinoceroses, hippos, buffalos, various antelopes, zebras, giraffes), predators (lions, leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, jackals). Of the monkeys, baboons are the most characteristic. The bird fauna is very rich. There are crocodiles and snakes. Many areas are infested with tsetse flies. National parks - Serengeti, Kilimanjaro, Ruaha, Tarangire, etc.; reserves Selous, Ngorongoro, Rungwa, etc.

Population of Tanzania

Population growth 2.6% per year (2002). Fertility rate 39.12%, mortality 13.02%, infant mortality 77.85 people. per 1000 newborns (2002). Average life expectancy is 51.7 years (2002).
Sex and age structure of the population: 0-14 years old - 44.6% (male to female ratio 1.03), 15-64 years old - 52.5% (0.98), 65 years old and older - 2.9% (0.98) 81) (2002). Rural population 80%, urban 20% (2002). Among the population over 15 years of age, 67.8% are literate (men 79.4%, women 56.8%) (1995).

99% of the population are peoples belonging to the Eastern Bantu (over 130 tribes), 1% are Indians, Pakistanis, Europeans, and Arabs. Languages: Swahili and English, Arabic, local dialects.

On the mainland approx. 35% of the population adheres to local traditional beliefs, 35% are Muslims, 30% are Christians, in Zanzibar almost 99% of the population professes Islam.

History of Tanzania

In the 7th-8th centuries. Arabs began to populate the territory of Tanzania; in the 16th century The Portuguese arrived and were driven out by the Arabs. To the beginning 19th century The island of Zanzibar and the coast of mainland Tanzania were under the rule of the Sultans of Muscat. In 1856, the independent Zanzibar Sultanate was formed. The mainland of Tanzania was captured by Germany in 1884 (became the basis of the colony of German East Africa), and after World War I it became a mandate, and in 1946 a trust territory under British rule (called Tanganyika); A British protectorate was established over Zanzibar in 1890. The beginning of the political activity of indigenous Africans dates back to 1929, when the Tanganyika African Association was formed, transformed in 1954 into the Tanganyika African National Union (TANS), headed by Julius Nyerere. TANS won the elections held in 1959 and 1960, and Nyerere became prime minister (he formed a government in May 1961). In December 1961, the independence of Tanganyika was declared. Zanzibar (together with the island of Pemba and several small islands) became an independent sultanate in 1963. The Sultan was overthrown in an armed coup in January 1964. After this event, a republic was proclaimed and the Afro-Shirazi Party took power. In April 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar formed the United Republic of Tanzania. The ruling party of Tanzania was the Revolutionary Party, founded in 1977. Due to a border conflict in 1979, Tanzania carried out a large-scale military invasion of Uganda, forcing it to capitulate. A multi-party system was introduced in 1992. In 2001, political contradictions in relations between Tanganyika and Zanzibar intensified.

Government and political system of Tanzania

Tanzania is a presidential republic. The Constitution of 1977 (as amended in 1984) is in force.
Tanzania is administratively divided into 25 regions: Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, North Pemba, South Pemba, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga , Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar central/south, Zanzibar north, Zanzibar urban/west.

Largest cities (2003, thousand people): Dar es Salaam, Dodoma (164.5), Mwanza (302.3), Zanzibar and Pemba (257.0), Morogoro (246.5), Mbeya (205 ,0), Tanga (203.4).

The highest legislative body is the National Assembly (the legislative body of Zanzibar is the House of Representatives, consisting of 50 directly elected deputies). The highest executive body is the government (in Zanzibar - the cabinet of ministers).

The head of state and government is President Benjamin William Mkapa (Zanzibar President Amani Abeid Karume is the head of the internal government of Zanzibar and is elected in accordance with the island's Constitution). The head of the highest legislative body is Francis Nyalali.

Deputies (274 people) of the National Assembly are elected: 232 - by direct vote, 37 - women appointed by the president, 5 - from the House of Representatives of Zanzibar.

The President appoints the Vice President and ministers, including the Prime Minister, from among the members of the National Assembly.

Julius Nyerere became the first president of Tanganyika in 1962. He was subsequently re-elected in 1965, 1970, 1975 and 1980. Under him, the first edition of the country’s Constitution was adopted in 1965, which was subsequently significantly revised in 1977.

In Tanganyika, the regions are headed by regional commissioners appointed by the president. Local government bodies - municipal and city councils. Development committees have been created in the regions to manage economic, social and cultural development.

Tanzania has adopted a multi-party system. Main parties: Revolutionary Party, National Committee for Creation and Reform, United Civil Front, United Democratic Party, Party for Democracy and Development.

Leading business organizations: Organization of Tanzanian Trade Unions; Organization of development of small industrial enterprises; Sugar Industry Development Corporation; Confederation of Tanzanian Industry; Tanzania Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture.

Public organizations: Union of Tanzanian Workers (500 thousand members in 1991), Workers Department of the Revolutionary Party.

Domestic policy is aimed at preventing confrontation between Tanganyika and Zanzibar and maintaining Zanzibar within the republic. Emphasis is placed on the development of education (up to 20% of budget allocations).

Tanzania pursues a peacekeeping foreign policy in the East African subregion, acting as a mediator in resolving the Burundian and Rwandan conflicts, accepting and hosting numerous refugees on its territory.

Armed forces (1998): 34 thousand people, incl. 30 thousand people - Ground units, 1 thousand people. - Navy and 3 thousand people. - Air Force. Paramilitary forces: 1.4 thousand people. military police and 80 thousand people. people's militia.

Tanzania has diplomatic relations with the Russian Federation (established with the USSR in 1961).

Economy of Tanzania

Tanzania is an underdeveloped agricultural country. GDP $22.1 billion. GDP per capita US$610 (2001). Economically active population 16,204 thousand people. (1997). Inflation 5% (2001).
Sectoral structure of the economy by contribution to GDP (2000): agriculture - 48%, industry - 17%, service sector - 35%. Employment: agriculture - 80%, industry and services - 20%.

Electricity production 2616 million kWh (2000). The main branch of the mining industry is diamond mining (49.1 thousand carats in 1995); Table salt (66.9 thousand tons in 1995), mica, coal, magnesite, and graphite are also mined. Oil refining (313 thousand tons of petroleum products in 1997), cement (604 thousand tons), tobacco (4.7 million cigarettes), textile (42.7 million m3 of fabrics), woodworking (39 million m3 of wood) and food-flavoring industries are developed. production of sisal products.

The leading branch of agriculture is crop production (1998, thousand tons): cassava (6444), corn (2107), rice (533), sorghum (498), bananas (769) and millet (347), raw sugar (116, 1), cashew nuts (67), coffee (42). Tanzania is the African region's leader in livestock production. Production (thousand tons, 1997): meat (261), milk (693), leather and hides (51). Fish caught include Nile perch, tilapia, tuna and sardines.

The length of railways is 3569 km. The length of the road network is 85 thousand km, including 4.25 thousand km of hard roads and 80.75 thousand km of unpaved roads (2001). The island of Zanzibar has 619 km of roads, including 442 km of paved roads, and on the island. Pemba has 363 km of paved roads, including 130 km of paved roads.

There are 125 airports and runways. International airports: near Dar es Salaam, in the province of Kilimanjaro and in Zanzibar. Airlines: Air Tanzania Corp, founded in 1977, serves domestic airlines; Air Zanzibar, founded in 1990 to serve tourist routes.

Main ports: Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga, Bagamoyo, Zanzibar and Pemba. Merchant fleet (1998) 56 ships with a total displacement of 46.3 thousand tons.

In 1991, an international telephone network with direct dialing was put into operation. Cellular communications have been in operation since 1994. Communications (1998): radios - 8.8 million, televisions - 103 thousand, telephones - 127 thousand lines, cell phones - 30 thousand subscribers (1999), Internet providers - 6 ( 2000), Internet users - 300 thousand people. (2002).

Trade is represented mainly by the informal sector, which is not amenable to strict statistical recording. In 1999, approx. 600 thousand tourists who spent 730 million US dollars.

Modern economic and social policy is aimed at the gradual liberalization of the public sector under the leadership of international institutions, and the fight against corruption is underway. Tanzania is the recipient country. In 1997, the amount of assistance amounted to $963 million.

The exchange rate of the national currency is set on the interbank foreign exchange market. The exchange rate control mode is free floating. Foreign exchange reserves 600 million US dollars (1998). Demand deposits in commercial banks TZS 237.7 billion. shillings, cash in free circulation TZS 307.8 billion. shill.

State budget (2000/01, million US dollars): revenues 1.01, expenses 1.38. National debt $6.8 billion (2000).

In 1991, 51% of Tanzania's population lived below the poverty line. The poorest 10% of the population accounts for 3% of income, while the richest 10% of Tanzanians account for 30%.

In 2001, export volume amounted to 827 million US dollars. Main export partners: Great Britain (22%), India (14.8%), Germany (9.9%), the Netherlands (6.9%). Import volume 1.55 million US dollars. Main import partners: South Africa (11.5%), Japan (9.3%), Great Britain (7%), Australia (6.2%). The main export commodities are cotton, coffee, tea, tobacco, cashew nuts, minerals; imported - machinery and transport equipment, construction equipment, food products, oil and petroleum products.

Science and culture of Tanzania

Primary education is compulsory and free. Primary school education is 7 years from the age of seven. Secondary education starts at the age of 14 and lasts 6 years, including the first four-year cycle and the second two-year cycle. In 1996, the proportion of school-age children who completed primary and secondary school was 42% (primary school - 66%, secondary school - 5%).

In the areas of Kondoa, Kisesi, Tambala, Mwanza, rock art in grottoes (Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic periods) has been discovered. Among the artistic crafts, the most common are cult wooden and clay sculpture, mask making, wood carving, weaving, and pottery. After 1964, a national school of painting emerged (artists S.J. Ntiro, V. Macha, F.K. Mzangi, T.F. Abdullah).

Since 1967 there has been a theater department at the University of Dar es Salaam. In 1968, a traveling troupe was created under the National Service youth organization.

Literature is developed in Swahili and English. The first text that has reached us is Utendi Harekali (between 1711 and 1728). The largest writer of new literature is R. Shaaban (1909-62). English-language literature in Tanzania has existed since the beginning. 1960s The main genres are short story and novel.

Tanzania is a country in East Africa. It consists of the mainland (Tanganyika), washed on the east by the Indian Ocean, and the large coastal islands of Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia. Tanzania is part of the British Commonwealth.

Most of the country is located on the East African Plateau. The territory of Tanzania covers part of the largest lakes in Africa - Lake Victoria in the north, Lake Tanganyika (which is often called the twin of Lake Baikal) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the south of Tanzania. The highest mountains in Africa are Kilimanjaro (5895 m). The total length of land borders is 3,402 km, of which with Burundi - 451 km, with Kenya - 769 km, Malawi - 475 km, with Mozambique - 756 km, with Rwanda - 217 km, with Uganda - 396 km and with Zambia - 338 km.

Area of ​​Tanzania: total - 945,087 km2. Coastline: 1424 km. The island territories consist of the Zanzibar archipelago (the islands of Zanzibar, Pemba, Mafia, etc.).

Tanzania has two capitals: the administrative center is the historical capital of Dar es Salaam, and the legislative center is Dodoma, where the government moved the main bodies in the 1970s.

Tanzania is a republic. The head of state and head of government is the president, elected by the population for a 5-year term, with the possibility of a second consecutive term. On December 14, 2005, the candidate from the ruling Revolutionary Party, Tanzanian Foreign Minister Jakaya Kikwete, won the presidential election, gaining more than 80% of the votes. His main opponent was Ibrahim Lipumba, the candidate of the opposition Civil United Front. Parliament is a unicameral State Assembly (Bunge), 274 deputies, of which 232 are elected by the population for a 5-year term, 37 women deputies are personally appointed by the president, and 5 deputies are appointed by the autonomous parliament of Zanzibar.

Relief of Tanzania

Most of Tanzania's territory is located on the East African Plateau. Along the western and southwestern borders there are deep tectonic valleys and highlands of Giant Craters (Meru volcanoes, Africa's highest mountain Kilimanjaro (5895 m) and others. The Indian Ocean coast is a narrow strip of lowlands.

The lower and drier part of the plateau occupies the whole of southern Tanzania. The soils here are of a lighter composition, are susceptible to erosion and are quickly depleted. There is little precipitation, and it is distributed unevenly across the seasons. The tsetse fly, a carrier of sleeping sickness among humans and Nagana disease among domestic animals, is found here.

The central and northern parts of the plateau rise to 1200-1500 m. In some places there is moderate rainfall, and fertile soils are common.

The country's territory includes part of the largest lakes in Africa - Lake Victoria in the north, Lake Tanganyika (which is often called the twin of Baikal) in the west, Lake Nyasa in the south of Tanzania, as well as the drainless salt lakes Rukwa, Natron, Eyasi. The main rivers of the country - Pangani, Rufiji (the only navigable river in the lower reaches) and Ruvuma flow into the Indian Ocean.

Climate of Tanzania

The climate is subequatorial monsoon, hot, seasonally humid. Average monthly temperatures range from 12-15 to 25-27 degrees C. In the north there are two rainy seasons (March - May and September - November), in the south there is one (November - April).

The greatest amount of precipitation falls on the western coast of Lake Victoria (up to 2000 mm per year), the least - on the inland plateaus (about 250 mm). In most of Tanzania, the dry season lasts 5-7 months. The alternation between dry and wet seasons is especially noticeable in the mountainous northeast and on the Masai plateau.

There are problems of drought and forest fires. It happened that drought led to a decrease in the water level in reservoirs feeding hydroelectric power stations to a critical level, as a result of which strict rationing of electricity supply was introduced throughout the country. Heavy rains also cause significant damage. So, as a result of heavy rains at the end of 1997 - beginning of 1998. Agricultural facilities were destroyed, roads were washed away, bridges were demolished.

The climate on the islands is humid, the average daytime temperature is plus 28-30 degrees, sea breezes make the weather very pleasant. The water temperature in the Indian Ocean is 24-26 degrees. In the central part (1200-1700 m above sea level) the average temperature is plus 22-25 degrees, nights can be cool.

Flora of Tanzania

In the west and south of the country there are tropical dry deciduous woodlands, in the coastal lowlands - park savannas, in the central and north-eastern regions - grassy savannas. Moist evergreen forests and shrubs grow on the slopes of the mountains. Despite its proximity to the equator, Tanzania is characterized by various types of savannas: shrubby, park, mountain park, grassy. Along with miombo forests (light tropical forests of deciduous trees), savannas occupy most of the territory. Mangroves are found along the ocean coast and at river mouths. Dense tropical forests remain only around lakes in the west of the country and in the floodplains of some rivers. Even conifers, such as cedar and pine, grow on the slopes of high mountains. Pterocarpus angola is found in the park forests, the valuable wood of which is used to make high-quality furniture and wall cladding.

Wildlife of Tanzania

Tanzania is one of the few countries on the African continent where representatives of a rich tropical fauna have been preserved in natural conditions. The savannas are home to several species of antelope (wildebeest, kongoni, topi, stenbok, springbok and others), as well as lions, leopards, cheetahs, zebras, elephants and giraffes.

Characterized by an abundance of monkeys, of the monkeys in the far north-west there are chimpanzees, and in the Kilimanjaro region - gorillas. Along the rivers there are hippos and crocodiles.

The world of birds is unusually rich and diverse. There are especially many waterfowl. In the higher regions of the country, ostriches can occasionally be seen. Poisonous snakes include the black mamba and the African viper.

However, the animal world has become significantly impoverished as a result of prolonged extermination. Large animals are preserved mainly in nature reserves and national parks, the largest of which are Ngorongoro, Serengeti, Ruaha, Arusha, Manyama, Mikumi, Kilimanjaro, Rungwa. Particularly famous is the Serengeti National Park (15.5 thousand sq. km), the only one in the world where natural seasonal migrations of wild animals occur. Ngorongoro is located in the area of ​​a huge volcanic crater; its caldera, the largest in the world, is distinguished by an extraordinary richness of fauna.

National parks of Tanzania

There are 15 national parks in Tanzania, which are managed by the Tanzania National Parks Authority or TANAPA, headquartered in the city of Arusha. According to international studies, the service is one of the most productive in Africa - it employs 1,650 people who serve 15 existing and one planned national park (Saanane). The main objective of the service is to preserve the existing biodiversity and rich natural heritage of the country. The national park system contains World Heritage Sites (4 out of 7 sites in Tanzania) and UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (2 out of 3 sites in the country).

In the north of the country, in the center there are national parks Arusha, Kilimanjaro, Mkomazi, Lake Manyana, Rubondo Island, Serengeti, Taranjir. Arusha Park is located in close proximity to the city of Arusha, the northern safari center of the country. The park was recently expanded to include the Mount Meru Forest Reserve. Kilimanjaro Park, which also recently received additional area, is designed to protect the highest point in Africa. Lake Manyara includes Lake Manyara, located along the rift wall. Mkomazi Park, located on the border with Kenya, is the country's youngest park, established in 2008. Rubondo Island in the southwestern part of Lake Victoria is home to the Rubondo Island National Park. The Serengeti National Park includes the Ngorongoro Crater. In the future, it is planned to increase the area of ​​the park. Tarangire National Park is located on the river of the same name.

In the northeast of the country, on the coast of the Indian Ocean between the cities of Tanga and Dar es Salaam, Saadini Park is located. To the east, in the Udzungwa Mountains, lies the Udzungwa Mountains Park. Gombe Stream National Park is located on the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the western part of the country. Mahali Mountains Park is also located on the shores of the lake in the Mahali Mountains. In the center of the country is Ruaha Park. With its recent expansion in size, the park has become the largest in Tanzania. In the southwest of the country, near Lake Rukwa at the end of the rift valley, there is Katavi Park. In the south of the country there is Kitulo Park, also known as the Garden of the Gods. Currently, the issue of increasing the area of ​​the park at the expense of the forests of Mount Rungwe is being considered. In the southeast are the Selous Nature Reserve and Mikumi Park.

Population of Tanzania

Population 38.860 million (estimated as of October 2009). In the country, only the city of Dar es Salaam has a population of more than 1 million people. Annual growth - 2%. Fertility - 4.5 births per woman. Infant mortality is 69 per 1000 births. Average life expectancy is 50 years for men, 53 years for women. Infection with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is 6.2% (2007 estimate).

Ethnic composition - in the mainland - 99% blacks, mainly Bantu peoples (hehe, Shambhala, Sukuma, Kuria, Ha, etc.), 1% - Asians (mostly Indians), whites, Arabs. In Zanzibar there are mainly Arabs, blacks and mestizos of Arab-Negro origin.

The official languages ​​are Swahili and English, Arabic is widespread in Zanzibar, and there are many local Bantu languages ​​on the mainland. Religions - in the mainland - Christians 30%, Muslims 35%, aboriginal cults 35%; in Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslims.

Source - http://ru.wikipedia.org/
http://www.afri.su/countries/tanzania/

TOURS TO TANZANIA: Tanzania can be reached from St. Petersburg and Moscow with at least two stops. Tours to Tanzania often combine a safari in one of the parks on the mainland + relaxation on the beach. Zanzibar (or other islands). You can also combine visits to Kenya and Tanzania in one tour.

CAPITAL: Tanzania has two capitals: the administrative center is the historical capital of Dar es Salaam, and the legislative capital is Dodoma, where the government moved the main bodies in the 1970s.

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: Swahili, English. Arabic is spoken in Zanzibar, and on the mainland there are many local Bantu languages.

CURRENCY: Tanzanian shilling (TZS) = 100 cents. Banknotes in denominations of 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10,000 Tanzanian shillings and coins in denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 Tanzanian shillings are officially in circulation. In fact, coins with a face value of less than 50 shillings went out of circulation.

TIME: Moscow

There is no time change between summer and winter time in Tanzania.

VISA TO TANZANIA

Russian citizens require a visa to enter Tanzania. If you want to visit one of Tanzania's neighboring states, you must have a double or multiple entry visa. Visas are required for everyone; visa-free transit is not permitted.

List of documents for a Tanzania visa:

• A foreign passport, valid for at least 4 months from the date of entry into Tanzania and at least 1 month after returning from Tanzania;
• Two color photographs (3.5x4.5) on a blue background;
• Completed questionnaire;
• Application form for a tourist visa to Tanzania.

The visa processing time is 5-7 working days.

Visa cost $100.

CUSTOMS REGULATIONS

• The import of foreign currency is not limited (declaration is required), national currency is prohibited. The export of previously imported foreign currency is allowed (according to the declaration), but national currency is prohibited.
• Duty-free import of cigarettes is allowed - up to 200 pcs. or 250 gr. tobacco or 50 cigars, alcoholic beverages - up to 1 liter, up to 250 grams of perfume or eau de toilette. Food, household items and other personal items are imported within the limits of personal needs. Audio, photo and video equipment are included in the declaration and must be exported from the country according to the entry. The import of small arms is permitted only with prior approval from local authorities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (permission must be obtained in advance).
• All plants and animals are imported only on the basis of a phytosanitary certificate or a certificate of health of the animal (vaccination against rabies is required). All animals are inspected upon arrival and sent to quarantine.
• The import and export of drugs, explosives, poisons and pornographic products is prohibited. The export of ivory and products made from it, rhinoceros horn, wild animal skins, gold, diamonds, cloves (without documents confirming the legality of their acquisition) is prohibited. The export of gold and silver jewelry, stamps, coins, and food products is allowed within the limits of personal needs (receipts from the store must be attached to the jewelry).

TRANSPORT

Driving in Tanzania is on the left (the steering wheel is on the right).

Traffic in Tanzania is dangerous: the roads are very worn out, the driving style of the locals and many animals running out onto the road. An untrained white person in Tanzania is better off not driving himself. It is better to resort to the services of a professional driver, which will be especially important if you are going to travel to the countryside or savannah.

Urban transport is available in large cities; it is represented by ordinary old city buses and minibuses. In other populated areas, urban transport consists of pickup trucks, minibuses and rickshaws moving chaotically around the city and suburbs. There is no permanent schedule of transport departures and arrivals. The most convenient way for tourists is buses, and some companies, for example, Scandinavian, have them more than comfortable: driving in an air-conditioned cabin filled with amenities, past the local population riding on donkeys or in crowded minibuses, the tourist feels like a truly white man. But far from big cities there is simpler transport - “Dala-Dala”, in other words, buses on a truck chassis. Dala-Dala connects all the cities of the country, they are very cheap, often lack minimal comfort (don’t even dream of air conditioning), are often very slow, but at the same time they are often the only opportunity to travel around Tanzania, especially in remote areas.

There are ferry services between Dar es Salaam and the islands of Pemba and Zanzibar, as well as on Lakes Victoria, Nyassa and Tanganyika. True, the ferry can turn out to be either a fast beast with all the amenities, or a rusty trough - you can guess this in advance only by the price of the ticket. As a rule, night ferries are much worse than day ferries.

CLIMATE: subequatorial. In the north there are two rainy seasons (March - May and September - November), in the south there is one (November - April). The climate on the islands is humid, the average daytime temperature is + 28-30°C, sea breezes make the weather very pleasant. The water temperature in the Indian Ocean is + 24-26°C. In the central part (1200-1700 m above sea level) the average temperature is + 22-25°C, nights can be cool.

CITIES AND RESORTS

Large cities - Dodoma, Dar es Salaam, Mwanza.

Main resorts: Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia islands.

The island of Zanzibar is an entire archipelago in the Indian Ocean with the main island of the same name, located northeast of Dar es Salaam, 35 km from the coast. The main advantages of this place are its rich and diverse cultural heritage, carefully preserved coastline, clean coastal waters and many species of marine animals. Zanzibar has white, clean sandy beaches along which picturesque fishing villages stretch. Not far from the capital there are Fuji and Chuini beaches with a rich selection of water sports, and to the north there is a very quiet and secluded Mangapwani beach.

Mafia Island - consists of one large and several smaller islands. In the eighth century it played a key role in East African trade and served as a haven for Arab traders. The name of the island "Mafia" comes from the Arabic "morfiyeh" which means "group" or "archipelago". Some of the small islands are uninhabited. And some have preserved ancient ruins, which will be interesting to explore and get acquainted with the various animals inhabiting them - from monkeys and wild pigs to fruit bats. This place is worth a visit. Just 30 minutes by plane south of Zanzibar and you find yourself in a piece of paradise. First of all, Mafia Island is known for its variety of diving sites. The island has a sufficient number of places for advanced divers, but beginners will not be bored either - cozy bays and bays protected from the power of the ocean are perfect for beginner divers. The underwater world amazes with its richness. The pristine coral reefs and diverse marine life are the best in the entire region. Also, Mafia Island is one of the Tanzanian spice islands. Every cubic meter of air here is saturated with spicy, intoxicating odors.

MAIN ATTRACTIONS OF TANZANIA

ZANZIBAR

The English fort on the island of Zanzibar has existed since the times when Tanzania was a British colony, that is, from the late 18th to early 19th centuries. The majestic fort is located next to the Sultan's Palace, in the center of Stone Town. In the 19th century, the fort’s dungeons were used as prison casemates and places for torture; a century later, a railway station was built here, and now the fort is a large cultural center where festivals, music and dance performances, and African drum shows are regularly held.

Slave Trade Square in Stone Town— A large slave market appeared in Zanzibar at the beginning of the 19th century. From 1830 to 1873, more than 600 thousand people were sold at the slave trading area in Stone Town; on average, 10 to 30 thousand people were sold annually in Zanzibar. The slave trade was banned in 1873, and a year later construction of the Anglican Cathedral began on the square. It still stands there now. Tourists are shown not only the square itself, but also the rooms in which slaves were kept before being sold, as well as the cellars where the slave trade continued after the official ban until the 1890s.

Stone Town is the oldest part of Zanzibar City. This area was inhabited back in the 16th century, and the first stone buildings appeared here in the 1830s. From 1840 to 1856, it was the capital of the Omani Empire. For many years, Stone Town was the largest slave trading center; spices were exported through the city's port. This area was also a starting point for numerous European explorers. Stone Town's buildings include elements of Arabic, Persian, Indian, European and African styles with notable carved wooden doors and verandas.

Anglican Cathedral Cathedral of Christ Cathedral, located in the city of Stone Town on the island of Zanzibar, was built in 1887 on the site of a former market where slaves were sold. The architecture of the building combines features of Gothic and Arabic style, so the church is very reminiscent of a mosque. A tall clock tower adjoins the main building of the Anglican Cathedral. Inside you can see a wooden crucifix, under which rests the heart of David Livingstone, the famous explorer of Africa. In front of the gray stone temple you can see the Monument to the Tortured Slaves.

OTHER ATTRACTIONS

Serengeti National Park, located in the Great African Rift region, covers an area of ​​about 30 thousand km², covering Tanzania and Kenya. In the first half of the 20th century, this place was famous among those who like to hunt lions, which led to a noticeable decrease in the population of these beautiful animals. It was not until 1951 that these territories were officially declared a national park. The conditions here are ideal for wild fauna. In this place, herbivores and predators coexist harmoniously, living according to all the laws of nature. The Serengeti is still famous for its lions, as the largest pride of lions on Earth was discovered here. In addition to lions, many other wild cats live here, as well as several different species of antelope, about 500 species of birds, reptiles, elephants, hyenas and many others. Tourists love to go on safari to the Serengeti - especially during the annual migration of artiodactyls, caused by the onset of the dry period in October and November, when animals cover many kilometers, moving from north to south.

Lake Manyara Park is a national park in Tanzania, located in the north of the country in the Arusha region on Lake Manyara. The total area of ​​the park is 330 sq. km. During high water, Lake Manyara occupies 200 sq. km, in normal conditions it covers about a third of the park. The park is a narrow strip between the alkaline Lake Manyara in the east and the Gregory Rift in the west. The park contains the main slopes and peaks of the rift, as well as part of the plateau. The mountainous landscape is dissected by river valleys, some of the rivers are full-flowing all year round and form the basis of the region’s drainage system. The park is home to African elephants, buffalos, black rhinos, hippos, impalas, giraffes and zebras. In addition to animals, there are more than 400 species of birds in the park. On the lake you can see pink flamingos and other large waterfowl such as white pelicans, cormorants, storks and ibises. The park is home to at least 44 species of birds of prey, including palm vultures and hawk eagles.

Ngorongoro is a huge crater in Tanzania that emerged as a caldera following the collapse of a large volcano approximately 2.5 million years ago. Its bottom is located at an altitude of almost two kilometers above sea level, and the edges are slightly higher - at an altitude of 3000 m. The diameter of the known crater is approximately 19 km, and the total area is 26,400 hectares. The microclimate of Ngorongoro varies greatly depending on the location, this is due to the sharp difference in altitude and the dynamics of its air masses. The higher elevations are generally foggy and humid, with most rainfall occurring in April and November. Shrub vegetation covers the rim of the crater, which is a savannah with fairly tall vegetation and evergreen montane forests. The crater floor is home to shorter grass, as well as acacia forests and drinking water sources. The crater is home to approximately 25 thousand animals and has the highest density of predators in all of Africa. Quite often in Ngorongoro you can see zebras, buffaloes and various types of antelope such as gazelles, wildebeests, elands.

Kilimanjaro – Many tourists visit Tanzania to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. Unlike the inaccessible Everest, climbing Kilimanjaro does not require any special mountaineering skills. The slopes are not steep, and some routes allow you to reach the eternal ice without equipment. Climbing Kilimanjaro is unforgettable due to the variety of landscapes and rich flora. Here a person passes through several climatic zones: savannah, tropical forests, alpine meadows. Well, at high altitudes above sea level there are eternal snows and glaciers.

Lake Natron is located in northern Tanzania and is a unique place. The reservoir is a habitat for flamingos and an archaeological site where the remains of Homo Sapiens, which are more than 30 thousand years old, were found. The lake area is favored by flamingos - more than 2 million birds gather here every summer. It is worth noting that Natron is the only place in the world where the lesser flamingo breeds. Another feature of the lake is the crust of salt that covers its surface. As a result of the activity of microorganisms living in the lake, the salt crust can turn red and pink, which is an amazing sight. The alkalinity of the lake ranges from 9–10.5 pH, and the water temperature reaches +60 °C, so animals (mainly birds) entering the lake immediately die, and their remains become covered with minerals and harden, turning into stone sculptures .

Boribi Reef is a favorite spot for professional divers, who dive to 20 meters deep to see not only an abundance of tropical fish, but also explore shipwrecks. On the seabed there are several sunken merchant ships of the last century. Although, it would be unfair not to talk about the marine inhabitants, the sight of which brings novice divers into indescribable delight.

Tanzania has many nature reserves and national parks, some of them: Serengeti, Kilimanjaro, Ruaha, Tarangire, Selous, Ngorongoro, Arusha and others.

NATIONAL CUISINE

Tanzanian food is not particularly sophisticated, but it is filling and tasty. Given the abundance of local fauna, it is not surprising that the basis of the national cuisine is made from animal and poultry meat, as well as seafood. Goat meat is used quite often - cheap and cheerful. Beef and pork are significantly more expensive. Signature meat dishes: roast ostrich with tropical fruit sauce and buffalo steak.

All meat dishes begin with the name "nyama", for example, fried beef is nyama-nkombe, fried chicken is nyama-kuku, and meat with stewed bananas is nyama-na-ndizi.

For something unusual, you can try very original dishes made from wild animal meat. Particularly popular are exotic delicacies such as elephant meat or antelope fillet. For the more daring, there are fried termites and locusts.

There are many good fish restaurants along the coast, where you can order octopus stew, fried shrimp with lemon and charcoal-baked fish in banana leaves. Ugali porridge and rice are served as a side dish.

Crocodile meat is served with stewed banana salad. In general, bananas are mercilessly used in a good half of Tanzanian cuisine: they are stewed, baked, simmered in the oven and cooked together with meat and peanuts. By the way, the bananas here are completely unsweetened and taste somewhat like potatoes.

Lunch comes with naan and, in Zanzibar, Indian chapatis. In Zanzibar, fresh clove shoots are sometimes served before meals to refresh the mouth and prepare for a hearty meal.

One of the most popular local drinks is cognac, which is made from papaya and tastes a little like gin. However, you should not drink it on the street or in public places: this will cause active disapproval from the locals.

Tanzanian beer (Serengeti, Safari, etc.) is cheap and very tasty. You can also try Krest tonic, produced by your local Coca-Cola. And it is customary to end a good lunch with coffee or tea - a special source of pride for Tanzanians.

Sweets are also good here - donuts, popsicles, coffee-almond halua dessert and banana cream cakes.

You can try local cuisine in small restaurants in shopping centers, street cafes (choose carefully) and hotel restaurants. In Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar there is a large selection of good fish establishments with ocean views.

EMBASSY OF THE RF IN TANZANIA

Address: P.O. Box 1905, Plot No. 73, Ali Hassan Mwinyi Road, Dar es Salaam,Tanzania

Tel.: (255-22) 266-6005, 266-6006

Fax machine: (255-22) 266-6818

Detailed map of Tanzania in Russian. Map of cities and regions on a map of Tanzania. Show on map to Tanzania.

Where is Tanzania located on the world map?

The Republic of Tanzania is located in eastern Africa and borders the Indian Ocean. Geographic coordinates of Tanzania: 5°55′00″ S. w. and 34°32′00″ E. d.

Interactive map of Tanzania with cities

Tanzania attracts tourists with its snow-white beaches, rich underwater world, the opportunity to observe animals in natural conditions on safari tours (Tarangire, Ngorongoro, Serengeti, Lake Manyara) and exciting excursions to the islands of Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia.

Geographical location of Tanzania

The main territory of the state is located on the East African Plateau. The country is home to some of the largest lakes in Africa: in the north - Lake Victoria, in the west - Lake Tanganyika and in the south - Lake Nyasa. The highest mountains in Africa are also located here - Kilimanjaro (about 5900 meters).

Territory of Tanzania

The country's territory is 945,203 square meters. km., which puts it in 31st place in the world in terms of this indicator. There are fifteen natural national parks in Tanzania, protected and managed by the Tanzania National Service. In addition to the mainland, Tanzania owns the islands of Unguja, Zanzibar, Mafia and Pemba from the Zanzibar archipelago.

Regions of Tanzania

The country consists of 30 regions, the largest of which are: Tabora (76,150 sq. km), Morogoro (70,624 sq. km), Lindi (66,040 sq. km) and Ruvuma (63,669 sq. km).

Borders of Tanzania

Tanzania has borders with Uganda (390 km) and Kenya (770 km) in the north, with Burundi (450 km), Rwanda (215 km) and the Republic of Congo (475 km) in the west, with Malawi (475 km), Zambia (340 km) and Mozambique (755 km) in the south, and the eastern border of the country is washed by the Indian Ocean. The total length of the state borders is 3,402 kilometers.