Palace secrets. Trubetskoy-Naryshkin mansion

The Trubetskoy-Naryshkin mansion (29 Tchaikovsky St.) finally opened its doors after restoration.

The Trubetskoy (Naryshkin) house is a federal architectural monument. Since the 1750s, on the site of house No. 29 on Tchaikovsky Street, there were two houses, one of which belonged to A.S.’s great-grandfather. Pushkin

The one-story mansion was built in 1779-1780. for Abram Petrovich Hannibal - “the blackamoor of Peter the Great.”

Ivan Abramovich Hannibal was a major figure of that time: a famous military man, the hero of the Battle of Navarino and the Battle of Chesme, the builder of the fortress and city of Kherson, he was so famous that even when he quarreled with the Empress’s favorite, Prince Potemkin, Catherine II took the side of Hannibal. However, the hot-tempered son of “Blackamoor Peter the Great,” despite the Empress’s mercy, retired and moved to St. Petersburg. For some time he lived in this house, periodically traveling to Ingria.

After the death of the old man Hannibal in 1781, the house passed to his sons, who ceded the rights to it to their elder brother, Ivan. After Ivan’s death in 1823, the house became the property of Senator I.N. Neplyuev, and after his death in 1823, his daughter Maria settled in the house along with her husband, Lieutenant E.P. Engalychev.

Prince Pyotr Nikitich Trubetskoy (4 (15) August 1724 - 12 (23) May 1791) - Russian senator, writer and bibliophile from the Trubetskoy family

In 1855, Prince P. N. Trubetskoy became the new owner of the mansion. For him, G. A. Bosse is rebuilding the mansion. The facade on the street was significantly expanded. Tchaikovsky due to the demolition of a small outbuilding and gate.

Soon Trubetskoy married Elizaveta Esperovna Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya. This lady wanted to set up a high-society salon here, but their house failed to gain such fame. Moreover, due to large financial expenses, the prince was forced to rent out the mansion. The house was rented by the English ambassador Napier and the Italian embassy.

In 1874, the house was purchased by the prince’s son-in-law Pavel Pavlovich Demidov (heir to a huge inheritance), who bore the title of San Donato, not recognized in Russia. The following year, Demidov resold the plot to Vasily Lvovich Naryshkin.

For the Naryshkins, the house was rebuilt in 1875-1876 according to the design of the architect R.A. Goedicke. A garden was preserved in the courtyard, and new service buildings were built along Kirochny (now Druskeniksky) Lane. Here the architect created a large hall for 200-250 people. Vasily Lvovich Naryshkin was married to Princess Fevronya Orbeliani, his son married the daughter of Sergei Yulievich Witte.

After 1917, the owners of the mansion left Russia. The fact that the building was then occupied by various organizations (for example, in 1918 - the Foundry District Food Administration) saved it from the looting that many mansions were subjected to in those years. After the Naryshkins fled abroad, a significant amount of valuable art objects remained here. In 1920, they were taken to the Hermitage on three carts, and some of the valuables were then transferred to the Russian Museum.

Since 1923, there was a Children's Art Studio here, which bore the name of Zlata Lilina, the wife of the then Petrograd leader Zinoviev. Then Lilina’s name was removed from the name, and the studio itself, transformed into a House for the Artistic Education of Children, remained here and there. After the war, the building entirely belonged to the Dzerzhinsky district party committee: the office of political education, the department of propaganda and agitation were located here. One of the rooms in the former Naryshkin mansion was occupied by the regional society “Znanie”.

In 2009, Intarsia LLC bought all residential apartments and transferred them to non-residential status.
The building will be adapted for the St. Petersburg International Center for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage.

In St. Petersburg, experts are studying a rare treasure. Family treasures were found in the Naryshkin mansion, which lay in a secret room for almost a century after the revolution in 1917. The cache was discovered during renovations, when the floors were opened. The discovery may well not be the last - at that turbulent time in Russia, nobles and simply rich people often tried to hide the accumulated treasures.

The family silverware of the old noble family of the Naryshkins was discovered on Thursday, March 29, during the reconstruction of the mansion at 29 Tchaikovsky Street by a foreman of the Intarsia group of companies. This company specializes in restoration work. Its workers found a small room that was not on any plan of the building. The room, with an area of ​​6 square meters, contained 40 bags of silver dishes decorated with the Naryshkins’ coat of arms, as well as medals and orders from the times of the Russian Empire.

The valuables were wrapped in newspapers dating back to 1917. Note that at the end of 1917, the Naryshkins left Russia, and the valuables preserved in the mansion were transported to the Hermitage and the Russian Museum in 1920.
None of the heirs ever mentioned that the Naryshkins’ family dishes might still be kept in the mansion.
Now the KGIOP experts from the government of St. Petersburg who arrived at the site are trying to describe the values. They wear gloves to avoid damaging valuables.

Tens of kilograms of silver: unique sets, candelabra - everything was carefully packed in newspapers of the terrible year 17. And poured with vinegar, it protects the noble metal from oxidation. The mansion on Tchaikovsky belonged to the Naryshkin family, and it was their coat of arms that was engraved on most of the items. “Impressive! These are ceremonial sets of nobles, that is, this is a unique treasure, which simply has no equal,” says Vladislav Kirillov, head of the department for combating the theft of cultural and historical values ​​of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.

Even from the operational footage, it is clear that in St. Petersburg they found something so extraordinary that even the leading experts of the State Hermitage have not yet encountered.

Marina Lopato, Doctor of Art History, head of the Western European applied art sector of the State Hermitage, believes: “In my opinion, Sazikov is one of the largest silversmiths who worked in St. Petersburg and had a branch in Moscow. Things are very expensive. Even in those days. It should be in a museum and even in permanent exhibitions.” If it were not for the major renovation of the grand ducal mansion, who knows how many decades the treasure would have lain between the second and third floors. The stone bag was discovered by workers who were opening the floors. A real secret room is not that uncommon in period homes. The Baroque effect - to amaze, to amaze - has found a unique application.

“In Russia, the fashion for hiding places especially arose in the 18th century. Mechanics are in vogue. That is, I was interested in the mechanism, I was interested in the tricks. For example, you touch it, move it, and it will open,” said Ekaterina Stanyukovich-Denisova, architectural historian, senior lecturer at the Department of History and Russian Art at St. Petersburg State University.

Starting from hidden keyholes in household cabinets, ending with very complex structures, something was in the air then: the desire to have a secret, to hide something from prying eyes did not bypass even representatives of the Romanov family.

In the office of the grandson of Nicholas the First, Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov, the same president of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and poet who signed with the initials Ka Er, there was a secret that other inhabitants of the Marble Palace probably guessed about, but it was still a secret for the majority. It looks like an ordinary bookcase, but if you press the wall panel, it’s a button.

That is, this is not a closet at all, but a secret door. It did not lead to a back door, nor was it used for any secret purposes. Behind the door was a chapel. And communication with God was such a personal and delicate matter that the Grand Duke ordered the entrance to be hidden from prying eyes and left the door only when there was no one in the office.

About Grand Duke Constantine, who died in 1915, they now say: he was lucky, meaning that he did not live to see the revolution. The Bolsheviks brutally killed three of his sons in Alapaevsk. The fashion for hiding places at that time turned into a necessity. If enterprising merchants transferred money into diamonds, then nobles tried to hide property in their own homes.

“This is a cache discovered on October 12, 1925. Even traces of hacking are visible from those very distant times. Perhaps the richest treasure was found in the Yusupov Palace - the same one where Grigory Rasputin was killed. Here, by the way, is the secret door through which the Siberian elder was carried out. One of the best collections of paintings in Europe, Amati violins, jewelry, unknown letters from Pushkin and autographs of other celebrities that belonged to Felix Yusupov and his family were distributed throughout Soviet museums,” the specialist shows.

The hereditary Russian aristocrat and classic of literature Vladimir Nabokov, who fled at the same time as the Naryshkins, Sheremetyevs and Yusupovs, kept a photo of the family mansion on Bolshaya Morskaya Street in St. Petersburg until the end of his life. Separated from Russia by an entire ocean, he recalled home in his autobiography “Other Shores.”

“I was born in a room on the second floor - where there was a cache with my mother’s jewelry: the doorman Ustin personally brought the rebel people to him through all the rooms in November 17,” Nabokov wrote many decades later. This is the secret place - a safe hidden in the wall. Closed - the key was lost a long time ago. This is where the Nabokovs fled the revolution. And probably, like thousands of others, they didn’t think it would be forever. And they hoped that the valuables would await their return to their homeland.

The Naryshkins' house is now being alarmed and armed guards have been posted. It is possible that in the grand ducal mansion there are still mysterious cavities in the stonework.

A representative of the Naryshkin family, currently living in South Africa, and a St. Petersburg lawyer bearing the same surname announced their rights to the heritage of their ancestors.

“According to Russian laws, as far as I know, I have nothing to claim, because I am not a direct relative... But perhaps, if there are no other relatives, and if there is a lawyer who is ready to take on this case, why not not to apply,” said 65-year-old Pyotr Naryshkin

On a piece of territory between the Tsna, Shacha and Vysha rivers, where time seems to have frozen in place - it stands and does not move. It seems that here the air itself is saturated with legends and traditions. And there is a mountain called Bykova - somewhere in the north, where Vysha merges with Tsna. And on that mountain stands the castle of the mistress of those places - Alexandra Nikolaevna Naryshkina. Alexandra Nikolaevna herself was born Chicherina, but her name is firmly connected with the noble family of the Naryshkins. The Naryshkins are a noble family, descended, according to legend, from the Crimean Tatar Naryshka, who left for Moscow in 1463 and was a okolnichy under the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan Vasilyevich. His descendants were in public service and held various positions. The Naryshkins rose to prominence at the end of the 17th century, thanks to the marriage of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich with the daughter of Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin, Natalya. With the birth of Peter the Great, the Naryshkin family became famous forever. In the second half of the 17th century, Peter I gave his maternal uncle, Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin, huge land estates in the Tambov province, including in Shatsky district, where the Naryshkins had a family estate in the village of Polnoye Konobeevo. Land holdings were passed on from generation to generation by inheritance. The most memorable in the history of the Shatsk region and, in particular, in the history of the Vyshensky Monastery, from the Naryshkin family were Emmanuil Dmitrievich and Sergei Kirillovich. The fate of Emmanuel Dmitrievich Naryshkin, Sergei Kirillovich’s cousin, is remarkable and closely connected with the history of the Vyshenskaya Hermitage. E. D. Naryshkin’s first wife was the daughter of the actual privy councilor Novosiltsev, Ekaterina Nikolaevna. In 1869, her premature death followed, causing a turning point in the soul of Emmanuel Dmitrievich. He began to gravitate toward a quiet, solitary life. By this time, serfdom was abolished. Emmanuel Dmitrievich left his service at the Court, and moved the well-maintained family estate from Polnoye Konobeev to Bykova Gora. Here, through his efforts, a unique estate complex arose - a kind of summer residence.

In what year they began to build a castle house on the Mountain, now, without having documentary materials, it is difficult to say. Apparently, Emmanuel Naryshkin built it for his first wife Catherine. It is known that by the early 1870s the house on the Mountain already existed .

The manorial estate itself is located on the top of a mountain, which seems to break off to the banks of the Tsna River. Further, all the way to the river, a wide meadow stretches. The center of the estate was a spacious two-story manor house.

On the second floor in the turret there was a special prayer room.

From the balconies

there was a picturesque view of the floodplain meadows of the Tsna River. All buildings were surrounded by greenery. A luxurious garden, a park with linden alleys, a pond, flower beds...

Next to the house, an embroidery workshop was set up in a separate wing, where girls from the surrounding villages were attracted, whose work Alexandra Nikolaevna generously paid for, thus providing them with marriage. Beautiful products were made here: multi-colored carpets made of woolen yarn and mesh woven lace. The best of them were demonstrated at handicraft exhibitions in Tambov, St. Petersburg and other cities.

Despite the remoteness from the capitals, Bykova Gora was visited by famous and distinguished guests. Among them is the Minister of the Court, Count I. I. Vorontsov-Dashkov and his family. But perhaps the most memorable was the visit of Their Imperial Highnesses. In September 1886, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich with his wife Grand Duchess Elisaveta Feodorovna, now glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church, and Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich arrived at the estate.

The house appears to be a small wooden castle on two floors, with one turret, two loggia balconies and a deep stone basement.

Large rooms with peeling walls still preserve the memory of the former owners of the house, although this memory is “diluted” by irresponsible visitors.

But you should move around the house with caution - you can easily break your neck. falling into some hole in the floor or breaking through rotten boards with its weight.

This place is amazing - Bykova Gora....

In 1813, the favorite Emperor Alexander I, Maria Antonovna Naryshkina, son was born Emmanuel, whom contemporaries considered the son of the emperor (although, according to another version, the baby’s father was Prince Grigory Gagarin). So, not for the first time, the Naryshkin family became intertwined with the reigning Romanov family.

And the first time this happened was during marriage. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich With Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina, expectant mother Peter I.

Moscow was surrendered here

The Naryshkins are one of the most ancient and wealthy noble families in Russia. He comes either from the German tribe of Narists (who owned, among others, the Hungarian city of Eger, whose coat of arms became the coat of arms of the family), or from the Crimean Karaite Kurbat's muzzles nicknamed Narysh (translated from Turkic as “camel”). Be that as it may, they owned the estates of Kuntsevo, Cherkizovo, Petrovskoye. The latter became part of the dowry Ekaterina Ivanovna Naryshkina, married to Kirill Razumovsky. Therefore, from then on it was called Petrovsko-Razumovsky. The family also owned Trinity-Lykov, Sviblovo, Bratsevo. The last two estates were granted Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin, the first commandant of St. Petersburg, and later the Moscow governor.

Kuntsevo, bought in 1690 by Peter's uncle Lev Kirillovich, head of the Ambassadorial Prikaz, remained in the hands of the family for almost two centuries. With his son Alexandra Lvovich, senator and president of the Commerce Collegium, a manor house was built (now B. Filevskaya St., 65) ➊, which has survived after fires and reconstruction to this day. Before your visit to Kuntsevo Catherine II in 1763, a front alley was built through the estate park, which became Bolshaya Filevskaya Street.

In 1818, on the occasion of the birth of the heir to the throne, the future Alexandra II, in Belokamennaya they received Frederick William III, father of the empress Alexandra Fedorovna. His path lay along the Mozhaisk road past the estate. In honor of this event, an obelisk appeared in the park with a memorial plaque with the following content: “On July 4, 1818, the King of Prussia, seeing Moscow from Kuntsev, thanked her for saving his state.”

It was on the Naryshkin estate that there was a hut in which the military council was held: at it it was decided to leave Moscow to the French. Today, the “Kutuzovskaya Izba” (38 Kutuzovsky Prospekt) ➋ has become a museum.

At the beginning of the 17th century. here (at that time Kuntsevo belonged to the rivals and enemies of the Naryshkins, the Miloslavskys) a wooden Intercession Church was built. Under Lev Kirillovich it was rebuilt in brick and white stone. Today the church in Fili is one of the most beautiful Russian churches (Novozavodskaya St., 6) ➌.

At the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. Chief Jägermeister came here for the summer from St. Petersburg, away from family shame Dmitry Lvovich Naryshkin, son of Catherine II's jester Lev Alexandrovich and famous cuckold. His wife, a beautiful Polish woman Maria Antonovna(nee Chetvertinskaya), maid of honor of the Empress, favorite of Emperor Alexander I, gave birth to three, if not four children from him. “In gratitude” for his patience, the emperor generously rewarded Naryshkin by granting him extensive possessions in the Tambov province. Jr, Emmanuel, studied at

School of Guards ensigns and Horse Guards cadets together with Lermontov And Martynov. The poet, teasing his good comrade, called him only the Frenchman (Naryshkin spoke French better than Russian).

According to the professor Alexander Kirillovich Naryshkin, a modern historiographer of the family and great (five times) grandson of Kirill Alekseevich, the current speaker of the State Duma is very similar to Emmanuil Dmitrievich Sergey Evgenievich Naryshkin.

In 1828, 14-year-old Misha Lermontov stayed with his grandmother at the Kuntsevo dacha. Here he first fell passionately and unrequitedly in love. And the rejected one, in a fit of despair, exclaimed: “And the devil managed to be born in this Russia!”

In the middle of the century, the chamber-junker Vasily Lvovich Naryshkin sold the estate to a book publisher and art collector Kozma Soldatenkova. By the way, I sold it along with all the paintings and sculptures stored there. Later this collection moved to the Tretyakov Gallery.

How the looter went broke

To the Sviblovo estate, which has also survived to this day (L-Azorevyi pr-d, 19) ➍, Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin brought a lot of goods from the Baltic cities of Narva and Dorpat (now Tartu) he captured (even window frames for the estate house, they were sarcastic at the looter contemporaries). However, he came into conflict with an influential neighbor Menshikov(Peter I even had to persuade a relative not to “offend” the field marshal) and with Pleshcheevs, former owners of Sviblova. Having lost both disputes, he parted with the rich estate he had furnished.

Bratsevo in the north-west of modern Moscow (Svetlogorsky Prospect, 13) ➎ with a beautiful park belonged to the same Kirill Alekseevich, and the preserved palace, one of the best in Moscow, was built at the beginning of the 19th century. according to the project of the St. Petersburg architect Andrey Voronikhin, builder of the Kazan Cathedral on Nevsky Prospekt.

From the estate in Trinity-Lykovo, granted Martemyan Kirillovich Naryshkin, uncle and steward (courtier who held high positions) of Peter I, was left with the most beautiful Trinity Church (24 Odintsovskaya St.) ➏. In recent years, a writer and Nobel Prize laureate lived in Trinity-Lykovo Alexander Solzhenitsyn.

From the city houses of the Naryshkins, the mansion at Gogolevsky Blvd., 10 (architect Matvey Kazakov) has survived to this day ➐ - the Decembrist Mikhail Naryshkin lived here and gathered members of the Moscow council of the Northern Society headed by him; estate on Prechistenka, 16 (now the House of Scientists) ➑, where the senator lived Ivan Aleksandrovich Naryshkin- the imprisoned father at the wedding of Pushkin and Goncharova. House No. 14 ➒ on Strastnoy Boulevard, formerly called Naryshkinsky Square, and part of the city estate on the street also survived. Solyanka, 14/2 ➓, and the so-called Little Russian courtyard (Maroseyka St., 11) with magnificent platbands from the early 18th century preserved in the courtyard.

Once I found myself in the west of Moscow, I decided to take a walk in Filevsky Park. It was once part of the vast estates of the famous Naryshkin family, who were close relatives of Emperor Peter the Great. They owned, among other things, two estates, Kuntsevo and Fili, which I want to talk about in more detail. What remains of the first estate is a dilapidated, heavily rebuilt house and the restored Znamensky Church, and in Fili you can see a real masterpiece of the “Naryshkin baroque” - the Church of the Intercession. This is where we will begin our walk. You can get to the temple from the Fili metro station by walking a little along Novozavodskaya Street. Already from a distance you can see a chic pink church, decorated with carved white stone decor.

It was built in 1690-1693, when these lands became the property of Peter the Great's uncle, Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin. Until now, scientists are arguing about who was the author of the project of such a stunning architectural object.

Some attribute the authorship to Yakov Bukhvostov, who similarly decorated the Assumption Cathedral in Ryazan and the Spassky Church in Ubory. Others claim that the architect of the Church of the Intercession in Fili was a certain Pyotr Potapov, who allegedly built the Novodevichy Convent. Still others see a clear similarity of this church with the Church of the Sign in the center of Moscow, where the city residence of L.K. used to be. Naryshkina. Personally, the Intercession Church reminded me very much of Spassky in Ubory near Moscow. Likewise, there are several tiers, an open walkway, to which stairs lead and stunning white stone carvings decorating the windows and pediments of the building.

The upper church, which is open only in the warm season, now houses a branch of the museum named after. Andrey Rublev. However, I was unable to get there, since for some reason the stairs were closed. It’s a shame, because it was in the upper church that unique interiors were preserved, which were lost in the lower one. I walked around a little, the church is surrounded by a small green park, where there are very few people.

A huge contrast with this ancient architectural masterpiece is the modern towers of the Moscow City complex, which are visible in the distance.

Bolshaya Filevskaya Street goes by. Previously, people used this road to go on pilgrimage to the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery in Zvenigorod. Walking along this street, you can get to another estate of Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin - Kuntsevo. She, along with the surrounding villages, was taken away by Peter the Great from the Miloslavskys and presented to her mother’s relatives - the Naryshkins. In 1744, Alexander Lvovich Naryshkin ordered the construction in Kuntsevo of a new stone Church of the Sign of the Virgin Mary on the site of an old wooden church. At the beginning of the 20th century, under the new owners of the Soldatenkov estate, it was rebuilt in a very rare neo-Byzantine style. Thus, the appearance of the renovated temple began to differ strikingly from what it was like under the Naryshkins. During Soviet times, the church was partially destroyed; it was restored in the 90s of the 20th century. They say that only the floor has been preserved since 1913.

Opposite this temple, Filevsky Park stretches for several kilometers, also laid out at the end of the 17th century. Citizens love to walk in this park; there are recreation areas, cafes, well-groomed alleys and a cozy embankment. One of the ponds is still called Naryshkinsky.

For a long time I tried to find the remains of the main manor house, and only when I entered some sluggish construction site, I realized that the Naryshkin mansion was in front of me. Now it is an extremely sad sight, but once it was a stunning, very elegant building.

The building was rebuilt after the War of 1812 and later, at the end of the 19th century, when the estate became the property of the entrepreneurs Soldatenkovs. It was built of wood, the roof was decorated with a belvedere. There were two wings on the sides, and the space around was decorated with a marble obelisk and statues of Juno and Jupiter. The Kuntsevo estate was visited by top officials of the state and members of the imperial family, as well as artists. Catherine II and Nicholas I's father-in-law, King Frederick William III, and Alexander II and his wife visited here. Visited Kuntsevo M.Yu. Lermontov, later L.N. Tolstoy, A. Herzen and N. Ogarev, artists A. Savrasov and I. Kramskoy painted views of the estate. Indeed, the house is located on a high hill, and if now there are thickets around and the Moscow River is practically invisible, then before the area was well-groomed and the plants were carefully looked after, and there was a convenient descent to the river.

In recent decades, the main manor house has burned down several times. Another fire in 2014 practically destroyed the building - only the walls remained, and although it has been officially restored since then, there has been no significant improvement in its appearance. The statues have long disappeared from the park, and in the place of the obelisk stands a dusty plaster vase. It’s good that at least Filevsky Park has been preserved, which is a real green oasis in the west of Moscow. This is a wonderful place with an extraordinary hilly topography, its wooden stairs in some places are reminiscent of Kolomenskoye, perhaps the main house will someday be restored. I would like to hope so.