Open left menu Republic of Buryatia. How villages and hamlets are dying in Buryatia Settlements of Buryatia

02 07 2009

The village is located in a picturesque area on the right bank of the Ona River at the foot of the Sagaan Uula mountain. The village of Alan is surrounded by a chain of mountains.

Before the October Revolution, local Buryats led a largely nomadic lifestyle. According to the 1900 census, in the Aninsky clan administration, which included such uluses as Alan, Enkhe Tala, Baysyn Ebyr, there were 13 households of rich families, 12 households of middle peasants, 127 of poor families, and 30 of poor families.

In 1921, in the village of Alan of the Republic of Buryatia, the first Komsomol cell was organized, headed by Ulzyto Tsybzhitov. In the fall of 1921, the first school was opened in the Khotogor area in a private house. The first teacher was Tsyrempil Tsynguev - the locals called him Khalkhaa bagsha.

02 06 2010

02 07 2009

In the eastern part of the region of the Republic of Buryatia in the intermountain valley, 60 kilometers from the village, there is a small village. The neighboring villages are and. Amgalanta used to be called Naala, which was the name of the river. Later, with the spread of Lamaism, the ulus was renamed Amgalanta - a prosperous, calm corner.

Families lived in groups in the areas of Darka, Bilchir, Under, Maila, Dubger, Shuluuta. There were about 54 families, whose nomadic dwellings were scattered over tens of kilometers. Until the 30s of the 20th century, the inhabitants of the emerging village of Amgalanta were only Buryats of three Khorin clans: Khubduud, Galzut, Khargana.

02 06 2010

02 07 2009

One of the villages near the tract was the village of Oninsky Stanok, now. It contained a transit point, a missionary school, a farm, a brick factory, and the St. Nicholas Church.

Tsar Nicholas stayed overnight at the missionary school in the village of Aninsk during his inspection trip. It was a large village where the Popovs, Kozlovs, Kornakovs, Solovyovs, Nosyrevs, Nifontovs, Pleshkovs, Baturins, Kosygins lived. The road passed through the Oninsky machine tool, through Zyrgeli. There was an excellent road to Obota, with several bridges along it. They were strong, beautiful, wearing ryazhas. These bridges were built by Ivan Chuprov. At a distance from the village of Aninsk to the village of Khorinsk, races were held, especially on Maslenitsa. Erdeni Vambotsyrenov, the last Khorin taisha, lived in Aninsk.

14 04 2009

The village is located 450 kilometers from Ulan-Ude, 230 kilometers from and 130 kilometers from the city.

The sanatorium-resort area of ​​the village of Arshan is a wonderful corner of Siberian land. It is located in the incredibly beautiful Tunkinskaya valley, at the foot of the monumental mountains, snow-capped peaks sparkling in the sun almost all year round. Arshan is a bright sun, blue sky, pristine taiga with spreading cedars. In the mountains there are luxurious alpine meadows with blooming poppies, lilies, locusts and fluttering colorful butterflies. In spring, all mountain slopes are covered with a soft pink color - wild rosemary blooms.

02 07 2009

In 1930, the agricultural artel "Temselyn Shemeg" was organized. In 1932, a village was formed in. The village of Ashanga is located 45 kilometers from the regional center.

Previously, our fellow countrymen lived scattered throughout the Ashanginskaya Valley and led a semi-nomadic lifestyle.

Now the village of Ashanga has been formed in the Ashanga SEC. This is already a farm with developed livestock breeding and agriculture, equipped with modern technology.

12 04 2009

city ​​of district subordination, .
The city of Babushkin was founded in 1892, and became a city in 1902.

Coordinates of the city of Babushkin: 51-43 N, 105-53 E. Located on the southern shore of the lake.

Area of ​​Babushkin city: 9 sq. km.
Population of the city of Babushkin: 8.2 thousand (1959); 7.3 thousand (1989); 7.3 thousand (1998); 4.9 thousand (2006).
Renamed: Mysovaya (1892-1902), Mysovsk (1902-1941).

02 06 2010

The village is also mentioned in the list of G.F. Miller traveling around, therefore, it has existed at least since the end of the 17th - beginning of the 18th century.

In the village of Baturino there was a village council, later divided into Nesterovsky and Zyryansky. Residents mostly worked in the 30s and 40s on the Nesterov collective farm named after Molotov. Before the revolution, there were inns and taverns here, and residents were engaged in carting.

Sretenskaya Church in the village of Baturino was built in 1813-1836. Decembrist I.F. lived in a settlement in Baturino. Shimkov is buried there.

02 07 2009

The ulus also has another name - Khakhir, after the name of the river in the valley of which it was located.

Bayangol ulus was part of the Galzut foreign volost of Verkhneudinsk district. Meetings of the Galzut volost took place vigorously, at which the surrounding Buryats from land societies gathered.

In 1928, TOZ, "Urda-Bea", Parisian commune was organized. In 1929-30, the Ulan Bayangol commune was formed. The chairman was Bato Sandakov.

In 1931-32, a collective farm named after Kirov was formed in the village of Bayangol. The first chairman was Bazar-Dara Gasaranov.

27 08 2009

23 06 2009

The ancient and beautiful village was founded in 1765.

The Semeys chose the land for settlement, which was located in a place where the mountain spurs turned into valleys. This is how the name of the village of Kunaley was born - “hunilla”, which translated from Buryat means assembly or fold. Here, in the “fold,” they cut down their first 60 huts, in which 205 settlers began to live. It should be noted that the Kunaley people (among the first families were people with the last names Gorbatykh, Kushnarev, Grebenshikov) got the most difficult, practically unsuitable lands for life. Here, where they went beyond Tarbagatai, the impenetrable Siberia stretched. And in these taiga windbreaks a tiny river flowed, which in the spring floods became uncontrollable and formidable, flooding the entire space up to the banks of the Selenga.

17 04 2012

People have composed many songs about the freedom, beauty and wealth of the Tugnui steppe. Here it originates in the southern spurs of the Tsagan-Daban ridge, not far from the ancient ulus Olon-Sheber, the Tugnui River flows leisurely to the west, and having gained strength from numerous tributaries, the stormy Khilok flows into it.

The village of Mukhorshibirsky district of the Republic of Buryatia is located in the valley of the Tugnui River.

The origin of the name of the village of Bom is interpreted in different ways, there are many legends and traditions, one of which states that the name Bom in translation means pestilence, anthrax came to us from the Tugnui tribes that once roamed these places. In ancient times, the Tabanguts, Tabanuts, and Tunguses migrated to the Tugnui valley. They lived well for many years. There was plenty of animal feed and people rejoiced at the fat herd. The forests abounded in game.

Suddenly, a pestilence began among the animals - anthrax. And in a short time both the fat herds and wild animals disappeared. Famine began in the valley.

02 07 2009

A small Buryat village located 28 kilometers from the regional center of the village of the Republic of Buryatia. Before the emergence of collective farms in the countryside, the Buryats lived in tribal nomads, and during the four seasons they constantly roamed from place to place. Unfortunately, the chronicle did not tell us who was the first to set up their yurt here and give the village the name Bulum. A long time ago, 140 years ago, a Buryat named Zhandabaev Dubshan lived here. In spring and autumn, he and his family lived in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bZhargalanta.

The Uda River forms an angle, which in Buryat means "Bulan". Over time, the last sound in the word “bulan” was assimilated and began to be pronounced as the sound “m”. This is where the name of the ulus and village came from - Udyn-Bulam of the Republic of Buryatia, which in Russian sounds like “Bulum”. Before collectivization, local Buryats lived separately from each other. They lived in the areas of Barun-Bulag, Nomto, Gorkhon, Zergeley, Zhargalanta, Takharkhay, Shaazgay.

02 06 2010

03 06 2010

02 07 2009

01 07 2009

The early Buryats lived a nomadic life, which gradually became sedentary. To ensure there was enough pasture for livestock for everyone, they lived far from each other by birth. The clan consisted of approximately 100 people. These are the clans of Tushten, Ulzyten, Khabunitan, Shonoton, Ulaantan, etc. Small villages were also formed: Khamagai-Zakha, Khushuun-Sheber, Khatan-Dobo, Oshor-Bulag, Ulaan-Tuya. In every family there were both poor and rich. Rich people, to show their wealth for the holiday, wore clothes of seven colors of the rainbow in different styles.

After the establishment of Soviet power, communes, artels, and unions began to be organized in the village. In 1929, the first commune of the poorest peasants and farm laborers was organized, it was called “Ulan-Tuyaa”. In 1922, the uluses were extremely scattered, with several houses throughout the entire territory. Subsequently, the Ulen artel separated from the Ulan-Tuaya commune. In 1930, two more partnerships “Soel” and “Ehin Zam” were organized. Some of the first chairmen of the collective farm were Budaev Sultum Budaevich, Yumozhapov Bimba Yumozhapovich, Kholzanov Tsyden Dashingimaevich, Khalzanov Choinpol Garmaevich. The collective farm existed until 1959; in 1960, according to the words of an old-timer, the collective farm "Name of Stalin" and the collective farm "Name of Molotov" merged and became the 2nd department of the Ivolginskoye OPH.

01 07 2009

How the village came into being.

Local residents tell a legend about the emergence of the village of Ganzurino, which is passed down from generation to generation. It was a long time ago. There was a forest on the site of the village, dark and dense. It’s quiet in the forest, not a bird will fly by, not an animal will run by. A young man walked past. His name was Ganzhur, or maybe Ganzur was his name. Night found him on the way. He broke branches, lit a fire and lay down. He can't sleep. At midnight, the windows in the trees suddenly lit up. Ganzhur stood up, walked up to one of the trees, looked, and in the place of the tree a hut appeared. Ganzhur went into the hut, the old man sat looking at the stove:
- “Hello, father!
- “Hello, son! What difficult force brought you here?
- “Well, I was walking past, and then it’s night. Where will you go at night? There’s darkness all around. The night will pass, and I’ll move on. Tell me, old man, what’s going on in your forest? It’s quiet in the forest, not a bird will fly by, not an animal will run by.” .

02 07 2009

A village of the Republic of Buryatia was formed literally out of nowhere. It was March 1935. The land administration decided to organize a collective farm named after Schmidt. The state provided him with 40 horses. The collective farm began with a vacant lot on which a yurt stood alone. New settlers flocked to the collective farm - 4 families moved from Chikoy, three families of the Luzhnikovs and the Kolosovs. Only men came to their new place of residence in order to sow grain in the village of Georgievka.

In that first spring, they managed to raise 200 hectares of virgin soil. And we thought for a long time about what to name our village. It was named Georgievka - after the first chairman of the new collective farm, Georgy Alekseevich Kolosov. In the first year there were only two houses - one was a bakery, the other was an office. The chairman’s family of 6 people lived in it behind a partition. The rest of the families lived in Bulugansk, Narin-Gorkhon.

01 07 2009

The Gilbirin Valley, whose name comes from the river of the same name, is inhabited mainly by Buryat immigrants from Siberia - Cis-Baikal region, mainly of the Ekhirit and Bulagat clans. They have many beautiful legends, sayings, family traditions that were passed on from mouth to mouth. Since time immemorial, it has been accepted that each new generation adopted and passed on the experience of its elders to the next generation. Knowledge of genealogy was especially valued, as it was associated with the law of clan exogamy.

The Gilbirinskaya Valley is located in a wonderful sunny corner; there are no mighty rocks in it, but there are beautiful mountains, there are no high waterfalls and wide rivers, but there are mountain streams with icy, crystal clear water and there are picturesque lakes. The village has stunningly beautiful places, amazing colors in the sky. Therefore, there is a strong life-giving influence of nature, strong energy, we are closer to the stars and can draw strength from all this grace.

03 06 2010

The village of the Republic of Buryatia was probably founded on the site of the Turkinsky mineral water spring in the 18th century. At the beginning of the 19th century, it was already a fairly well-known popular resort in Russia.

03 06 2010

The village was allegedly founded by Old Believers at the end of the 18th century. Perhaps a small settlement existed much earlier.

The village of Gremyachinsk is located on the shore of the lake in the place where the Barguzinsky tract approaches almost the lake itself. The distance from the village to Ulan-Ude is 143 kilometers.

03 06 2010

The village of the Republic of Buryatia was first mentioned by G.F. Miller traveling around, under the name Guritev in the list of 1735. At the time of its creation, the villages of Gurulevo, Kika and Khaim had a total of 40 households and 205 residents.

In the village of Gurulevo there was a industrial enterprise "Lesohimik", which employed about 50 people. The artel produced lumber, firewood, hoops, tar, shingles, riveting, birch bark, brooms, hoops, charcoal, barrels, sleigh runners, sleighs, arcs, cart wheels, blacksmithing, bricks, furniture (cabinets, tables, stools, school desks), turpentine and tar. The artel received great development in the 50s of the twentieth century.

01 07 2009

Village Ivolginsky district
Administrative division: Ivolginsky district of the Republic of Buryatia
Area of ​​the village of Gurulba: 1815 hectares
Forested land: 550 hectares
Population of the village of Gurulba: 1772
Distance from the village of Gurulba to the city of the Republic of Buryatia: 12 kilometers
Distance from the village of Gurulba to the center of the district: 45 kilometers
Transport connections: bus number 128

12 04 2009

city ​​of regional subordination, regional center - Selenginsky district.
The city of Gusinoozersk was founded: in 1939, city status since 1953.

Coordinates of the city of Gusinoozersk: 51-17 N, 106-30 E. It is located in Transbaikalia, in the Selenginsky middle mountains, in the Gusinoozersk depression, on the northeastern shore of Gusinoye Lake.
Standard time: +5 from Moscow.

Area of ​​the city of Gusinoozersk: 13 square meters. km.
Population of the city of Gusinoozersk: 11.6 thousand (1959); 29.7 thousand (1989); 32.2 thousand (1998); 25 thousand (2006).
Renaming: Mines (1939-1953).

01 04 2010

Davshe means “meadows”, “wide open area” in Evenki. Here is the central estate of the Barguzin State Reserve, organized in 1916, the initial task of which was to preserve the Barguzin sable. More than half of the reserve's territory is made up of loaches - rocky peaks (1500-2400 meters above sea level), among which you can find picturesque lakes and mountain rivers with waterfalls. A third is occupied by mountain taiga forests, growing at altitudes from 600 to 1250 meters. Impenetrable dwarf cedar is often found. Only a little more than 16% of the reserve's territory is located on the lake shore. The area of ​​the reserve is 374.4 thousand hectares.

The village was built in 1948 in. Before this, the central estate of the reserve was located in Sosnovka Bay. In the village of Davsha there is a nature museum and the Davsha hot spring.

23 06 2009

The village is an ancient Semey village located in the south-east.

According to the existing legend, the village of Desyatnikovo was founded by the Chistyakovs. The first settlers temporarily stopped on the Selenga River near a rock. The nearby slopes were plowed and sown with grain seeds. A chapel was erected across the channel on the island. The Selenga River was boiling with fish, and in the fall the bird cherry and currant bushes were bursting with berries.

01 06 2010

02 06 2010

According to G. Miller’s description, at the beginning of the 18th century, on the site of the current village there was the village of Ulan-Cholotaiskaya.

The village of Zasukhino is located two kilometers from the village of Turuntaevo and 61 kilometers from the capital city of Ulan-Ude. The village has 15 households and 26 residents. It is part of the Turuntaevsky Administration of the Republic of Buryatia.

03 06 2010

02 07 2009

At the beginning of 1942, construction began on the Zun-Khurai logging station in the village. At first they lived in so-called “booths” located near the forest, near the river. Soon barrack-type houses began to be built. Such barracks were built in the tracts of Dabaty, Kharasun, and Dondokhul. The first head of the forest site was Petr Gorchakov. Life was difficult for the first workers. The working day lasted from dawn to dusk, without days off. Food is rationed. The bread quota is 800 g for a worker, 600 g for an employee, 400 g for children. In the same year, a bakery for workers was built. In 1943, a school was built.

At the end of 1945 - beginning of 1946, the labor of Japanese prisoners of war was used for logging. Today, the memory of their stay remains in the unkempt places of their burials. In July 1950, the Zun-Khurai Village Council was formed, the chairman of which was Burdukovsky.

02 06 2010

01 07 2009

The Republic of Buryatia dates back to the appearance of the old settlement of Mangazey, which at one time was the center among all other small settlements. Before the revolution, the village of Mangazei consisted of approximately 30 households.

A little about the origin of the name Oriole. According to published materials and legends, the Buryats who left Dobaikalia went in search of places to live and settled in 17 different places along the valleys of the Ivolga River, along the rivers Khalyuta, Orongo, Gilbira and others. The new land of Siberia was rich and fertile. And this beloved land was named Ebilgete, gradually turning into Oriole.

It is believed that Ivolginsk of the Republic of Buryatia arose, if not in 1902-1903, when Ivolga was settled, then several years later. By their origin, the newly arrived Buryats belonged to the clans of the tribal association of Ekhirits and Bulagats.

01 07 2009

located in the Central part, on the left bank of the Selenga River.

The regional center of the village is located 29 kilometers southwest of the city of Ulan-Ude on the Ulan-Ude - Ulan Bator highway, the Ulan-Ude - Naushki - Ulaanbaatar railway line passes through the Ivolginsky district of the Republic of Buryatia and the city airport is located on the border with the region Ulan-Ude.

The Ivolginsky District of the Republic of Buryatia was formed as an administrative-territorial unit on August 25, 1939. Later, from 1954 to 1985, the district was reorganized, and some of its territories and settlements became part of the Selenga district, Tarbagatai district and Ulan-Ude district of the Republic of Buryatia, and some suburban villages became part of the Sovetsky district of the city of Ulan-Ude. In August 1985, due to the reorganization of the Ulan-Ude district, the Ivolginsky district was again separated into an independent territorial-administrative unit.

01 06 2010

The village is the largest, after the regional center, village in the Baikal region. The village of Ilyinka was formed in the second half of the 17th century, initially it was a small settlement on the banks of the Selenga. Later, the Ilyinsky fort was built in this place in 1688.

In 1928, a sleeper plant was created in the village of Ilyinka, which later grew into a large timber processing enterprise - the Selenga timber transshipment base. Now it is OJSC Selengales, with a wood harvesting and processing capacity of 450 thousand cubic meters per year. Near the village of Ilyinka in the Republic of Buryatia there is the Lesovoznaya railway station.

The Irkutsk - Chita highway passes through the village of Ilyinka. The distance from the city is 55 kilometers, to the regional center - 28 kilometers. The village of Ilyinka has 1,780 households and is home to 5,047 people.

02 06 2010

03 06 2010

02 06 2010

The village was formed in the middle of the twentieth century - around 1949, next to the village

Distinctive features. Buryatia is located on the eastern coast of Lake Baikal - the deepest and cleanest lake on Earth. 20% of the world's fresh water reserves are concentrated here. Baikal is surrounded on all sides by mountains, and its level is 445 m above sea level.

Lake Baikal is the sacred lake of the Buryats. Photo by bereza10 (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/vera-shhukina/)

The fauna and flora of Lake Baikal are extremely diverse. Scientists predict that there are about 1,500 species not yet known to science. Only here lives the Baikal seal - the nerpa.

The Buryats have been living around Lake Baikal for many centuries - one of the Mongolian peoples, which formed into a separate ethnic group during their stay as part of the Russian Empire. Despite the fact that many Buryats live to the west of Lake Baikal, only the eastern Buryats have the status of national autonomy. Historically, there were both nomadic and sedentary Buryats. The latter also used a yurt as their home, but it was made of wood.

Yurt in the ethnographic museum of Ulan-Ude. Photo by Andrey Nazimov (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/andreinazimov/)

The Republic of Buryatia is one of the few regions in the Russian Federation where Buddhism is practiced. One of the most important spiritual centers of the Buryats is the Ivolginsky datsan, opened in 1945. It is visited by many pilgrims and tourists. There are about a dozen temples (dugans), sacred stupas and a Buddhist university where novice huvarakis study.

One of the main mysteries of the monastery is the incorruptible body of Hambo Lama Itigelov, an outstanding ascetic and spiritual leader of Buddhists in Eastern Siberia. Before leaving for Nirvana, he gathered his students and asked them to look at his body after 30 years. When in 1955 the lamas took out the sarcophagus with his body, they saw that the great lama was sitting in the lotus position, as if before death, and his body was completely preserved. It still remains incorruptible. There is no scientific explanation for this phenomenon yet.

Ivolginsky datsan. Photo by serebrennikowaolya (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/serebrennikowaolya/)

Another Buryat religion is shamanism. The Buryats, like many peoples of Siberia, believe that spirits live everywhere around us - good and evil. Therefore, without their permission, you cannot build houses or do any other things that may disturb them. The work of modern shamans is highly paid.

Thanks to the unique nature, tourism is developing in the Republic of Buryatia. Now a special tourist and recreational zone is being created here - “Baikal Harbor”.

Geographical location. The Republic of Buryatia is located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia, in Transbaikalia. To Moscow - 5519 km. The republic is part of the Siberian Federal District. The Republic of Buryatia borders on the Irkutsk region, the Republic of Tyva and the Trans-Baikal Territory.

Buryatia is a mountainous country. It is divided into 4 large regions: the Eastern Sayans, the Baikal mountain region, the Selenga Dauria and the Vitim Plateau. 4/5 of the territory of the republic is occupied by mountain taiga forests.

Nature of Buryatia. Photo by tatyana-rzheneva (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/tatyana-rzheneva/)

There's nothing wrong with the water in Buryatia - at least fill it up. 9,000 rivers and streams flow through its territory. But if this is not enough, there is also Lake Baikal, which was mentioned above.

Population. The Republic of Buryatia has a population of 973,982 people. The birth rate here is very high (17.4 people per 1000 inhabitants), the mortality rate is slightly lower - 12.4 people. per 1000 inhabitants. The majority of the republic's population are Russians (64.89%). Buryats are in second place - 29.51%. In total, 112 nationalities live on the territory of Buryatia. The level of education is slightly below the Russian average - 15% have higher education (versus 17% in the Russian Federation).

Buryats and Buryat beauties. Photo by amk59 (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/amk59/)

Crime. The Republic of Buryatia is one of the three most criminal regions of the Russian Federation (“honorable” 3rd place). 13.12 crimes committed per 1000 inhabitants in six months is a lot. Here you can find a full range of crimes: drug trafficking, murder, rape, theft and so on. All this is beyond any normal person’s head. Most likely, the main reasons are unemployment, drunkenness and drug addiction among the local population.

Unemployment rate in the Republic of Buryatia - 7.9%. The average salary is 22,930 rubles. The highest salaries are earned by workers engaged in financial activities (45.6 thousand rubles) and mining, except fuel and energy (43 thousand rubles).

Property value in Ulan-Ude - an average of 51 thousand rubles per sq. m. meter. A one-room apartment can be bought for 1.5 million rubles, a two-room apartment for 2-2.5 million rubles.

Ulan-Ude. Photo by Andrey (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/andre-kramarenk/)

Climate Buryatia is sharply continental. The winter here is long, but there is little snow. On the coast of Lake Baikal the situation is different. The huge water mass of the lake, like an ocean, softens the climate. The average January temperature is −24°C. Summer is short but warm, sometimes even hot. The average July temperature is +18°C, but sometimes it reaches +35-40°C. On the coast of Lake Baikal, summers are cooler. Maximum precipitation is 250-300 mm per year, in the mountains 300-500 mm.

Cities of the Republic of Buryatia

- capital of the republic, population - 416,079 people. Previously, the city was called Verkhneudinsk. In 1666, the Udinsky fort was built. Situated on the tea route, the city became a major trading center where wholesale fairs were held. The city developed and grew rich. Now Ulan-Ude is a large industrial, commercial, scientific, cultural and tourist center of Eastern Siberia. Mechanical engineering is developed in Ulan-Ude, and the equipment produced here is one of the most advanced. These are An, Mig, Su aircraft, as well as Mi-171Sh helicopters. Ulan-Ude is also an important tourist center, one of the historical cities of Russia since 1990.

Severobaykalsk(25 thousand people) - the second largest city in the republic. Its construction is connected with the Baikal-Amur Mainline. The settlement, founded in 1974, was to become one of its main points. When the construction of the BAM was completed, it turned out that no one needed the highway, and the city began to decline, and its population began to decline at a catastrophic speed.

Gusinoozersk(24 thousand people) - the third largest city in the republic, founded in 1939. The city would be unremarkable if it were not for Goose Lake, after which it is named. Near this lake is the Gusinoozersky datsan - a Buddhist monastery.

The Republic of Buryatia is located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia. From the north and west, the territory of the republic is washed by the waters of Baikal, in the east it borders with the Chita region, in the west and north - with the Irkutsk region, in the southwest - with the Republic of Tyva, in the south there is a state border with Mongolia.

Mountain tourism, rafting along numerous rivers, ethnographic tours (with acquaintance with Lamaist beliefs and traditional healing methods and customs of the Buryats), and treatment with mineral waters are widespread in Buryatia. In Buryatia, monuments of the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras and hundreds of datsan monasteries of the 18th and 19th centuries have been preserved. The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve, created more than 80 years ago, is noteworthy.

The capital of the republic is Ulan-Ude, major cities are Gusinoozersk, Severobaikalsk. Areas of interest in excursion terms: Kabansky district, Podlemorye, Barguzinskaya Valley, Tunkinskaya Valley, Kyakhtinsky district and, of course, Baikal.

Time difference with Moscow: 5 hours ahead of Moscow.

Population: about 1 million people.

How to get to Buryatia

Flights from Moscow to Ulan-Ude and back are carried out daily from Vnukovo and Domodedovo airports. Flight time is about 6 hours.

The Trans-Siberian Railway, which runs through the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, creates good conditions for transport connections not only with all regions of the country and European countries, but also with the countries of Southeast Asia.

Weather in the Republic of Buryatia

The remoteness of the republic's territory from the oceans, its location in the center of the continent, and the mountainous terrain have determined a peculiar and in its own way unique climate. A specific feature is its sharp and frequent variability. In general, the climate is formed under the influence of three contrasting components: the dry and cold climate of the northern regions, the hot and dry climate of the Mongolian deserts, and the humid climate of the Pacific Ocean.

The climate of Buryatia is sharply continental, with large annual and daily fluctuations in air temperatures and uneven distribution of precipitation over the seasons.

Winter is cold, with dry frost and little snow. Spring is windy, with frosts and almost no precipitation. Summer is short, with hot days and cool nights, with heavy rainfall in July and August. Autumn comes unnoticed, without sudden changes in weather; in some years it can be long and warm. The average temperature in summer is +18.5 °C, in winter -22 °C.

Popular hotels in Buryatia

Entertainment and attractions

On the territory of the republic there are three state reserves, two national parks and more than 250 natural monuments.

In addition, the Republic is famous for its unique Buddhist monasteries (datsans).

Ivolginskaya Sopka Bain-Togod (Rich Peacock) is located 35 km from Ulan-Ude. For local residents, the hill serves as a sacred place where prayer services are held with sacrifices to the spirits of the area. Several rock paintings have been preserved on the walls of the cave, and the Ivolginsky datsan is also located here. Until recently, it was the only operating monastery not only in Buryatia, but also in Russia. Today it is the residence of the head of the Traditional Sangha of Russia, Bandido Hambo Lama. Religious ceremonies are conducted in Tibetan and Buryat languages. On the territory of the datsan there is also a small temple, suburgans - stupas that are erected in places where Buddhist relics are located, a greenhouse with the sacred Bodhi tree, and the largest library of Buddhist texts in Russia.

Tamchinsky (Gusinoozersky) datsan is located 150 km from Ulan-Ude near the road leading to Mongolia. In 1741 it was officially declared the center of Buddhism in Russia. Two of the 17 temples, monuments of Buryat religious architecture of the 17th-19th centuries, have survived to this day. On the territory of the datsan there is a legendary archaeological monument - the deer stone (Altan-Serge - “golden hitching post”), which, according to archaeologists, is about 3.5 thousand years old.

Maps of the Republic of Buryatia

The Egituisky datsan is located 300 km from the city of Ulan-Ude. Built in 1826 and was a complex of four dugans. The treasure of the datsan is the statue of Zandan Zhuu - Buddha made of sandalwood. Three dugans - medical, philosophical and astrological - surrounded the main temple.

The villages of Russian Old Believers in the villages of B. Kunaley, Saratovka and Tarbagatai are no less unique. In the mid-18th century, about 20 thousand families of Russian Old Believers were deported to Siberia. In areas of Buryatia remote from Central Russia, the Old Believers founded their own ethnic settlements, formed their own communes, and preserved their original dialect, faith and rituals. By visiting the villages of the Old Believers, you can get acquainted with the way of life, the economy of the people, traditional cuisine and original folklore.

Photo alkerz.ru

The rural population makes up more than 40 percent of the total population of Buryatia, and this part of the people has been in a difficult situation since the 1990s.

The crisis that has engulfed the village is expressed, first of all, in the destruction of social relations associated with the collective form of production, the transition of villagers to a naturalized way of life in the form of personal farms, where archaic forms in the form of natural exchange and informal labor practices flourish. The phenomenon of one-time part-time work as “kalym” is expanding, and something like farm labor is being revived.

There are practically no large enterprises in rural areas capable of providing work for a large number of people. Small and medium-sized businesses in their normal forms are underdeveloped. Farming has not yet become a real force capable of having a decisive impact on the socio-economic development of the village.

Pensioners remain in the countryside, and migration sentiment is high among young and middle-aged people. The migration vector goes in the direction of “small village - regional center - Ulan-Ude”. The main driving motive is the search for work and poor social infrastructure in villages, the closure or constant threat of closure of first aid stations and schools. Provided they act, the village will not disappear. Unfortunately, small schools are under threat of liquidation, and in some places they are already closing. There is also a practice when a family buys a house in the regional center and sends grandparents there to look after the child who is studying at school. They themselves remain in the village, tending to livestock. Some people come to Ulan-Ude and work, and then go home. Such pendulum migration.

There is practically no labor market in the countryside: when collective and state farms disappeared, so did jobs. The process of marginalization of the population has been launched and continues. The villagers found themselves in a state of social exclusion, i.e. in a situation where their social, cultural and material resources are so limited that they exclude them from an acceptable standard of living characteristic of modern society. When a person is in a state of exclusion (alienation) for a long time, unable to work, he finds himself outside of society, because he cannot realize his capabilities, his potential. There are no jobs, agriculture, alas, is not thriving.

Conducted sociological studies show that almost half of the respondents have been unemployed for over 5 years. And what’s alarming is that this category includes people who are at their most active age: men from 30 years old, women from 35. The longer the period of unemployment lasts, the more labor skills are lost. “Kalym” as a form of partial and, as a rule, temporary employment is becoming a common practice in labor relations in rural areas.

A life aimed at survival, the absence of long-term planning according to the principle “the day has passed - and okay” contributes to the development of a feeling of social isolation, alienation from society, and most importantly - self-alienation, refusal of active life in favor of simple existence. A low standard of living and social passivity, along with an uncertain vision of both one’s own and the future of one’s family, is typical for the majority of rural residents. This fact is aggravated by legal illiteracy and lack of information awareness. As a result, the mechanisms of social partnership and civil society do not receive proper development.

Today, the main way to survive in rural areas is personal farming, which in most cases is not commercial. About 50 percent of respondents noted that they do not have surplus products. This is a personal farm, which is of a consumer-subsistence nature, since the products have a low marketability coefficient and are used only to meet the needs of the family.

Traditionally, in our sociological surveys, we ask respondents to assess their own financial situation. As a rule, most of them choose the “average” answer, which is not always a reflection of reality. In our study, 64.42 percent of respondents answered this way. Approximately the same number of respondents chose the “good” and “bad” options - 15.36 and 14.23, respectively. When choosing the “average” value, respondents, as a rule, assume that “everyone lives like this.”

A modern rural resident in Buryatia is characterized by maintaining a state-centric perception of reality and, accordingly, a paternalistic model of behavior, i.e. people's orientation towards the fact that, first of all, the state, and then the person himself, should be responsible for the well-being of a person. This indicates the inertia of social behavior, the lack of a clear vision of one’s future and a weak ability for social forecasting. It cannot be said that the paternalistic model speaks of complete trust in the authorities. Probably not. Villagers feel abandoned by the authorities. At the same time, the concept of power is blurred for them when they do not see the difference between its levels, local, district, republican, and federal government structures. There is a strong personification of power, when power is perceived not as a specific political institution, but as a specific person. And the question of trust in her is rather a question of trust or distrust in a specific person.

However, the revealed social problems in the countryside do not negate the fact that the village continues to live, and pockets of growth and development are noted in the countryside. In our villages there are active citizens who support their small homeland and their fellow villagers. They are fighting the sale of alcohol substitutes, organizing cultural and religious events, etc.

The revival of churches and datsans plays a good unifying role. A fairly good tool for raising civic activity is TOSs and territorial public self-governments.

For example, in Kurumkan, TOS "Baragkhan" carried out a major overhaul of the bridge over the Kharzhikto River, and in Barguzin, the TOS even built a bridge. In a number of districts, TOSs are building sports facilities, wrestling yurts, renovating abandoned cultural centers... Of course, the state should not withdraw from solving rural problems and count only on the self-organization of the population, but the example of TOSs shows that villagers can independently achieve considerable success.

In a strategic perspective, agricultural production needs to be developed in villages, from large agricultural holdings to small farms. In rural areas there is currently a shortage of competent management personnel and agricultural specialists. The approach to solving rural problems must be systematic. It is not so much the development of agriculture that should take place, but the development of rural areas, the creation of conditions for the development of production and sales of products, reducing the unemployment rate, developing social and transport infrastructure, and developing communications.

The penetration of high-quality Internet access services in this series is one of the important links for the development of entrepreneurship, youth employment and raising the level of legal literacy of rural residents. In the presence of a systematic state policy aimed at overcoming the crisis, the Buryat village is able not only to survive, but also to live a full life.

Valentina Zhalsanova, Candidate of Sociological Sciences