What is a dolmen? Dolmens of the Krasnodar Territory - places of power What is a dolmen?

What is a dolmen

Scientists are still arguing about the role of dolmens. Basic definition - burial stone structure. In other words, dolmen can be considered ancient ancestor of modern tombstone. It consists of a stone slab placed on boulders and something resembles a table. In essence, a dolmen is tomb, which does not have access to the coffin, but serves as an identification mark for the burial site. Classic version such a tomb is plate, standing on four supports. The number of such supports can increase and go all the way up to six, because of which the dolmen ceases to resemble a table or more looks like a box.

In some dolmens on one of the slabs there is hole, whose purpose is unknown. And here there is a place to roam. The simplest option: such a hole is a kind of entrance to the tomb. However, among fans, the options that this is much more popular portal, transmitter for communication with space or simply cult element. But even the last option, you see, sounds much more romantic. Dolmens in the territory our country differ from the classic version and are more like well frame. The largest number of them are located on Taman Peninsula and in mountainous regions of Adygea. They are given some occult meaning, which is why many travelers travel to them pilgrimage in search of special spiritual power.

Dolmens at Stonehenge

Are dolmens associated with Stonehenge? Yes, it is based on simple dolmens, similar to letter "P". One of the most mysterious structures in the world still causes a lot of controversy about its purpose. The most popular of them:

1. Stonehenge like place of worship - Druid sanctuaries.
2. Using the location of megaliths for astronomical observations. Many mystical predictions about the connection of Stonehenge are associated with this theory. with the end of the world.
3. Stonehenge as a burial place. The simplest and most common option, given the facts that we know about dolmens, during the study of the monument caused a lot of controversy. Despite the fact that this idea remains basic, it has been established that all burials on the territory Stonehenge were completed after its complete construction. It is precisely this illogicality that brings confusion to a harmonious theory, giving rise to such a number secrets associated with this place.

I think I'll understand what it's all about Stonehenge, you can only see this place with your own eyes. I plan to visit it, and who knows, maybe the stars will align and these dolmens will open their secrets.

There are thousands of monuments scattered throughout the Krasnodar region, which in terms of historical and cultural significance are on a par with the famous Stonehenge and are the same age as the Egyptian pyramids. These are dolmens - megalithic tombs, unique monuments of the past, left to us by the peoples of the Caucasus. Their construction began at the turn of the 4th-3rd millennia BC. In the languages ​​of the peoples of the western tip of the Caucasus and in their legends, dolmens were called: “a receptacle for bones, a house of giants, ancient grave houses, a house of dwarfs, heroic huts, and even devil’s huts. In 1818, the French archaeologist Tebu de Marigny discovered a group of dolmens in the Pshady River gorge. In the early 30s of the 19th century, his compatriot Dubois de Montpere and the Englishman J. Bell discovered several more dolmens between Gelendzhik and Dzhubga, as well as large dolmen groups in the upper reaches of the Abin River.

We first encountered dolmens on an excursion to the waterfalls of the Zhane River, not far from Gelendzhik. We got off the bus and walked along a forest road for 3 km. along the river bed.

In the forest there is partial shade and the freshness of the forest. On the way we stopped at a nature reserve. There is a small ostrich farm here. In addition to ostriches, there are hares, foxes and other animals.

Then we went out to a clearing where ancient dolmens were preserved. Dolmens- ancient funeral and religious structures belonging to the category of megaliths (that is, structures made of large stone slabs). These stone buildings are the heritage of our ancestors, which came to us from time immemorial. Translated from the Breton language, dolmen means “stone table”. Archaeologists have calculated that the dolmens are from 3400 to 4700 years old. Each dolmen has its own name. The first dolmen named in August 2007.

The same dolmen in October 2015, where the left fragment of the stone is no longer there, and in 8 years the dolmen has sunk a little into the ground.

The entire variety of dolmens can be divided into four main types:

1. “Ordinary” (tiled dolmen), i.e. the most common type of dolmens. It is “a quadrangular box, each side of which, as well as the roofs and often the bottom, is a separate monolithic slab.”
2. Composite dolmens - with one or more walls made of smaller slabs.
3. Trough-shaped dolmens.
4. Dolmens are monoliths.

Some researchers have concluded that the dolmens were built by giants. Dolmens have been discovered in many countries. In Russia and the Western Caucasus there are a large number of dolmens. Caucasian dolmens were created during the Early and Middle Bronze Age from the 3rd-2nd millennium BC. The oldest type of dolmen buildings are tiled structures, in which the openings are manholes, and individual walls are laid dry with cobblestones.

Along the way you can see auxiliary boards and arrows indicating the direction to the dolmens.

This is a dolmen called. It has carved wooden supports that decorate it.

The dolmen consists of five or six stone slabs and is a closed stone box: on four slabs placed vertically, the fifth lies; optionally, the sixth plate is the bottom. In the front cross slab, as a rule, there is a hole - round (most often), oval, arched or square, which is closed with a stone plug - but there may not be one, in which case the hole may be at the back or side.

The next dolmen is called Yar

Funny wooden figures on the way in front of the dolmens.

This dolmen resembles a huge mushroom. (Mukhortova Polyana - Lazarevsky district)

The same dolmen from the entrance.

Road along the river.

Artificial dolmen.

Road along a narrow river in the early morning.

The children played around and climbed inside these stone buildings. Suddenly one girl was bitten by a wasp; you can see wasp nests inside them.

Dolmen called.

The same dolmen on the other side.

We visited dolmens with the name Call (Tenderness). 2015

The same dolmen in the evening when it got dark, when the silhouettes of this stone structure were barely visible. 2007

Only the stones from the dolmen remained Ora(star Light).

This dolmen is all overgrown with moss.

And this dolmen, or the remains of it, are called (narration). It is located 20 meters from the Kora Dolmen.

When, in the mid-17th century, a Dutch priest first began to explore the structure he found made of huge stone slabs, he came to the conclusion that it was built by giants.

For a long time there were no other explanations for how stones of this size could be installed on top of each other.

And even now in the history of dolmens, as these stone foundlings were later called, there remain many blank spots, despite the fact that they are found in different countries on different continents and have been studied by scientists of all stripes for more than three hundred years.

Origin story

Dolmens - “stone table” translated from Celtic language- belong to the culture of megaliths, that is, tribes who used huge stones in buildings. Nothing is known about these nationalities, nothing remains of them except these huge structures.

Ancient dolmens were found on the territory of the modern Krasnodar Territory and Adygea, then the territory of their appearance resembles a vicious circle: North Africa - Spain - Portugal - France - Holland - northern Germany - along the Danube to the Balkans - Western coast of the Black Sea.

Perhaps the megalith tribes wandered or migrated along this route. But then, scientists don’t know how to explain the existence of dolmens in India or even Japan.

Most often dolmens – these are structures made of giant stone slabs, which are either folded in the form of a round hut, or composed in the form of the letter “P”, or represent the same “stone table”, when four vertically standing slabs are covered on top with a fifth.

These are exactly the kind of dolmens that can be found in the Krasnodar region.

Dolmens of Gelendzhik and southern Russia

The largest concentration of dolmens has been preserved near Gelendzhik, although individual ancient monuments are found throughout almost the entire Northwestern Caucasus.

There are about 2500 of them in total. Almost all Caucasian dolmens are of the tiled type, but All of them are unique, and none of them is like the other, which is why they are interesting to world science.

The patterns in their constructions have not yet been identified.

However, there is one feature that distinguishes Caucasian dolmens from all others: a round hole on the front slab with a diameter of about 40 cm.

Human burials and household items were found in dolmens, which allowed scientists to draw a conclusion about the purpose of dolmens.

On the one hand, these were tombs, some of which buried several people. On the other hand, there are religious buildings, monumental, powerful, associated with astronomical patterns.

Traditional theories today have many critics who believe that the few burials in dolmens indicate that these buildings had a different purpose.

Mysteries of the prehistoric era

The most interesting feature of Caucasian dolmens is their invulnerability to natural disasters. Located in the mountains, where avalanches and destructive mudflows often occur, dolmens are never in the way of the flows that sweep away everything.

There were cases when a mudflow passed a few meters from the dolmen, but did not touch it. How the ancients determined such safe places is still a mystery. Dolmens are destroyed only by people - during the construction of roads, houses, and during logging.

Another theory associated with the mysterious dolmens concerns the stone itself. All stone slabs were cut from rocks containing quartz. This mineral has some interesting properties, for example, when quartz is compressed, it generates an electric current, and when exposed to current, quartz crystals are capable of generating ultrasound.

Based on these data, a theory was developed that dolmens, under certain conditions, could be a source of frequencies that are not perceived by the human ear, but have a certain, often negative, effect on his brain. It is assumed that this property could be used against enemy troops or ill-wishers.

Many ordinary people consider dolmens to be “places of power” or even portals to other dimensions. Scientists believe that the pilgrimage of precisely these lovers of mysticism and esotericism destroyed a significant number of ancient monuments.

Where and how to see stone structures

Scientists have found that initially there were about 7 thousand dolmens in the Caucasus, now there are just over 150 left .

Most of them are located in the area of ​​the cities of Gelendzhik and Tuapse.

Near Gelendzhik, the largest concentration of stone structures is located in the area of ​​the Shirokaya Shchel farm, on Mount Nexis, on the Zhane and Pshady rivers, on Tsygankova Mountain.

There are several ways to look at this miracle of human history:

On one's own. There are enough maps on the Internet with the location of dolmens. By following them, it is quite possible to find and explore these attractions without outside help. About two dozen of them are located near Gelendzhik, and the path to them is not difficult.

Excursions. In this case, an amazing variety awaits the tourist. Excursions are available in groups, the price of the excursion is about 300 rubles plus 100 rubles at the entrance to the protected areas or individual from 500 rubles. per person. You can choose to travel on foot to the dolmens or make it as comfortable as possible - by bus or even an all-terrain vehicle.

There are truly enthusiastic people among the residents of the Black Sea coast who plot their own routes based on books about dolmens or their own observations. Such enthusiasts sometimes organize two- or three-day walking or cycling trips to the most interesting dolmens. Payment is negotiable.

It is impossible to visit the Gelendzhik area and not look at the real miracle and main mystery of these places - the ancient dolmens - older than the Egyptian pyramids.

Source: Oxford Illustrated Encyclopedia of World History (1800 to the present)

Dolmen

a burial structure made of large stone blocks in the Stone Age and Bronze Age.

Source: History of culture and arts: dictionary of terms and concepts. Study guide for students

DOLMENS

ancient buried. structures from several huge stone blocks and slabs. size (weighing tens of thousands of kg), supplied. vertically and covered with a massive horizontal. stove.

Source: Ancient World. Encyclopedic Dictionary in 2 volumes

DOLMEN

dolmen, from Breton tol - table and men - stone), a type of megalithic structure: several stones placed vertically, covered with one or more slabs.

Source: Dictionary of Ethnographic Terms

Dolmen

a megalithic structure of the Bronze and Iron Ages in the form of vertically standing large stone slabs covered with a flat slab. It is believed that dolmens were built for the burial of tribal elders or they were sanctuaries. Ill.

Source: Historical Dictionary

DOLMEN

(English dolmen), in the first archaeological works the term was used as a collective name for megalithic chamber tombs.

It is obsolete in English, but is widely used in French and Russian. In English archaeological literature, the term D. is used for tombs whose original design cannot be determined, or non-standard types that do not fall into the category of gallery or corridor tombs (see Portal dolmen).

DOLMEN

(French Dolmen - in the Breton dialect - stone table) - a monument of megalithic culture, a funerary structure of the Neolithic, Bronze and Early Iron Ages (mainly III-II millennium BC). Usually these are huge (weighing up to several tens of tons) blocks of stone, placed vertically and covered with a stone slab. There are also four vertical slabs covered horizontally (like a box). A mound was usually poured on top. In dolmens, archaeologists find weapons, utensils, and coins along with burial remains. The length of dolmens can reach 10 m, height - 3 m, width - 3–5 m. Dolmens are most often found in Europe, North Africa, Western and Southern Asia, the Caucasus and Crimea.

Source: World artistic culture. Dictionary

DOLMEN

megalithic structure. They usually consist of vertically placed stone slabs covered with a slab on top (Mediterranean, Atlantic coast of Europe, Caucasus, Crimea). D., discovered in the south of our country, were built ca. 5 thousand years ago. Rus. the population calls them “heroic huts”, the Adygeis and Abkhazians call them “houses of dwarfs (ispun)”, among the Mingrelians they are called “houses of giants”, etc. These are sometimes quite complex structures made of multi-ton stone slabs. In its simplest form, these are 4 large stone slabs, placed on edge and covered with a slab on top. These slabs are quite heavy, sometimes each of them weighs tens of tons. They are usually closed on all sides, with only a small opening leading inside this large stone box. It is usually difficult for a person to crawl into it, since its diameter is small, and yet the house itself sometimes has dimensions that are not inferior to the dimensions of ancient dwellings (2-3 m or more in length and the same in width). For example, D.

Gelendzhik has dimensions inside of 2x1.7 m, and the length of the slab is 3.5 m. There are D.

the total area of ​​which exceeds 70 m2. The inner part of the dolmen is usually trapezoidal in shape, the ceiling is raised high above the base.

Multifaceted dolmens are also known, composed of 11-16 slabs in the form of a tower with a roof. In general, D. is quite complex architectural structures, which ancient man, no doubt, learned to build not immediately.

The purpose of the D. is not known exactly, but it is assumed that they served for the burial of human bones.

Source: Archaeological Dictionary

DOLMENS

from the Breton dol - table and men - stone) - ancient burial structures, representing one of the types of megalithic. buildings D. made up of several. huge size cam. blocks and slabs (the weight of which reaches tens of thousands of kg), placed vertically and covered with one or several. slabs on top. In some D., the plate covering the entrance has a large round or oval hole. Mn. D. were covered with earth from above, leaving only the entrance. D. usually contain the remains of several. dead, sometimes buried in a sitting position, with stones. or bronze. tools and decorations. Sometimes D. were used for burials for tens and even hundreds of years. It is believed that the D. were built for the burial of tribal elders; according to another hypothesis, they served initially. family sanctuaries and only later were turned into burial places. D. are common in the coastal regions of Europe and Asia. Within the USSR they are known on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus (Kuban, Abkhazia) and in the Crimea. Refers to the era of the first appearance of metals: in Europe and the North. Africa - to bronze. century; in India and Japan - to zhel. century; Caucasian D. were built in the Early and Middle Bronze Age (3rd-2nd millennium BC), and some D. were used even in the 1st millennium BC. e. D. everywhere reflect the ancient culture of local tribes.

Lit.: Kuftin V. A., Materials for the archeology of Colchis, vol. 1, Tb., 1949; Lavrov L.I., Dolmens of the north-west. Caucasus, in the book: Tr. Abkhazian Institute of Language, Literature and History, vol. 31, Sukhumi. 1960; Obermayer G., Doist. man, trans. from German, St. Petersburg, 1913; Child G., At the Origins of Europe. civilization, trans. from English, M., 1952.

Source: Soviet Historical Encyclopedia: In 16 volumes - M.: State Scientific Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1961-1976.

Dolmens of the North Caucasus

Among the most famous North Caucasian ancient stone structures, the following names can be listed: dolmens God, Inf, Tor, Maya, Dukh, Khan, Lit, Gor, dolmens Pshada and the valley of the Zhane River. The real names of the dolmens have not been preserved; those given here were given to the dolmens by employees of the Moscow research center "Anastasia" under the leadership of A.V. Solntsev, who examined these structures in 1997-98. Also, groups of dolmens can be found in Adygea, in the region of Sochi, Lazarevsky, some are also located in the Tuapse region.
Dolmens are found in Crimea, the Far East, and Central Asia. However, most of them are in the Caucasus - about 2.5 thousand! Here along the Black Sea coast (megaliths generally gravitate towards the seas) you can find “classical” tiled dolmens, monolithic dolmens, entirely hollowed out in the rock, dolmen structures made from a combination of stone slabs and blocks laid in two or more rows. Dolmens are unique, as are the peoples living in the Caucasus Mountains. Each dolmen has its own appearance and even its own name. They also talk about the spiritual content of these amazing structures, their energy charges.

Gelendzhik region.

Octagon.

The octagon is a group of 8 dolmens located in the area of ​​the Doguab River (not far from Pshada). It represents 8 buildings of the Neolithic era, seven of which are located in a circle, and the last one, according to the “Anastasievites”, helps to develop creative abilities, is in the center.

Dolmen Tor

Dolmen of fulfilling our plans. The energy of this dolmen helps to realize our goals. He is the bearer of the potential of male creative energy. It can be seen as an "awakening" force, bringing awareness of what exists in the subconscious realm.

Dolmen Khan


This is the power of striving for a higher goal. This is the ability to sacrifice something dear for the benefit of others and achieve great achievements in your own life.
Restoration of justice, self-sacrifice - these are the feelings that the Dolmen Field awakens. The energy of a warrior of the Spirit is pure energy. He acts openly and has a clear vision of the goal. Dolmen Khan brings something new into our existence, heals with the surprise of new visions. This is the Power of active movement of energy and it is very important that a person takes responsibility for all the circumstances of his life.

Tenderness


Dolmen Tenderness is considered feminine. His spirit helps in everything related to motherhood and children.

May


The May Dolmen is also considered female. The May Dolmen will protect you from unrequited love, give you happiness in marriage, and help you attract the heart of your loved one.

Zhane River area

A group of dolmens, widely known largely thanks to the enthusiasts working here to study them. Located near the waterfalls

Dolmen Min


Dolmen restored by archaeologists. Considered a dolmen of harmony

Dolmen Spirit.


A separate dolmen in the valley of the Zhane River. Located next to the trail to the falls

Dolmen Year.

Pos. Renaissance

Dolmen Lit.

Known as a dolmen of health.

Pos. Wide Slit

Dolmen Continuation of the Family located by a stream, surrounded by dacha plots.


It is interesting for the three-dimensional pattern on the front plate - four hemispheres above a sign in the form of the letter “P”, in the center of which there was an entrance hole.

Pos. Light

Dolmens are located on Mount Nexis. This group is interesting because it is located in a treeless area.

Dolmen Lunar


Lunar Dolmen Refers to the type of composite dolmens. The corner blocks are curved in plan.

Dolmen Solar (Horus)


The Horus dolmen, another name is the Solar dolmen.

Lazarevskogo area

Lazarevskoye is a small resort town on the Black Sea coast at the mouth of the Psezuapse River. There are many dolmens here and almost all types known in the Caucasus. Even more is probably unknown - the mountains are high, and the forests are dense and often impassable due to vines.

Aul Shhafit on the Asha River.


Dolmen in the village of Shhafit. It is located on private territory, but the owners are happy to let everyone in. Excellently maintained. It belongs to the type of false portal trough-shaped dolmens - on the other side there is a carved portal and an imitation of a protruding plug.

Nikhetkh Ridge


On the Nikhet ridge there is a group of dolmens. The first dolmen from a group of six buildings is located at an altitude of more than 700 m.

Pos. Mamedova Gap


In the area of ​​this village there is a dolmen above the Mamedki gorge, in profile similar to a pyramid.

Pos. Svirskaya Shchel


The dolmen above the Svirskaya Gap near Lazarevsky has unique convex and incised designs.
The dolmen was miraculously not destroyed during the construction of the gas pipeline. The megalith is half covered with earth.

on the Psezuapse River


Dolmen in the valley of the Psezuapse River, which flows into the sea in Lazarevskoye. Go higher up the valley to the first houses of the village of Maryino (about 20 km along the highway). Dolmen on the right bank of the river on the crest of the ridge. There are several more dolmens in the vicinity, but they are badly destroyed.

On the Tsushvadzh River


In the area of ​​the Tsushvadzh River basin there is a huge dolmen on the Solonitsky ridge, which is one of the largest dolmens in the Caucasus. There is also a dolmen in the valley of the Tsushvadzh River near Lazarevskoye. Located in a holiday village above the mouth of the Vinogradny stream

village Volkonka
Dolmen near the Godlik River gorge.


The only pure monolith known in Russia - the entire huge dolmen is carved into solid rock. There is a hydrogen sulfide spring nearby.

Sochi region

Sochi is the largest and traditional Russian resort on the Black Sea coast. The climate is hot and humid. Communication with the mainland by train or plane via Adler. The Main Caucasus Range is already gaining strength here and the absolute heights of the mountains in the region reach 3000 m. Megaliths are found of all types, especially many trough-shaped semi-monoliths

Shahe river valley


Dolmen group near the Three Oaks tract. The absolute height of the place is about 900 m, there is super-dense foliage of the ancient forest, steep slopes and impenetrable thickets of rhododendron. This dolmen is a unique semi-monolith in which the chamber is made in an overhanging arm of the rock. The group of megaliths at Three Oaks has been very poorly explored. 12 dolmens have been found here, but stories from local residents sometimes bring their number to 32. A very difficult search. The group is located above the right bank of the right tributary of the Shakhe River near the village of Bznych.

Boarding house "Svetlana" (Sochi).


A composite dolmen with a solid facade stands on the territory of the Svetlana boarding house in the center of Sochi. The dolmen is cared for and stands in a beautiful place, but in fact it was transported here from the village of Lazarevskoye. According to some sources, he once had a courtyard (in Lazarevskoye).

Tuapse district

Dolmens here come in a variety of designs. Here, in the valley of the Pshenakho River, there is the famous sub-mound dolmen Psynako-1. Somewhere here in the mountains there are granite dolmens.

Dzhubga.


Dolmen on the territory of the Dzhubga holiday home. One of the largest tiled dolmens in the Caucasus. The courtyard is perfectly preserved and has a slightly elliptical shape.

village Stone Quarry


A group of dolmens above the village of Stone Quarry, near Tuapse. A perfectly preserved so-called false portal dolmen or semi-monolith. Instead of a real plug in the hole there is only an imitation of it, carved into the rock.

Adignalovo, Pshenakho Valley.


Psynako-3, dolmen in the town of Adignalovo in the valley of the Pshenakho River, 8 km from the village of Anastasievka.

Adygea (Maykop region)

Maykop is the capital of Adygea. Half of Adygea is occupied by a mountainous country with absolute heights of up to 3000m, but this is on the main Caucasus ridge. In other places, the mountains, although their absolute heights are equal to the corresponding coastal ones, look like low hills.

The climate here is drier, and the vegetation is not at all subtropical. It is convenient to get to Belorechenskaya station by train, and then by car or bus.

A special feature of the megalithic structures of Adygea is their concentration in large dolmen cities (up to 600 structures), as well as a small percentage of surviving buildings.

Guzerpil village


Dolmen in the mountain village of Guzeripl in the upper reaches of the Belaya River. It is located on the territory of the Caucasus Nature Reserve near the office, but access is free. The design is a tiled dolmen with a composite back. It stands on a mound-like mound surrounded by a poorly preserved cromlech. One of the largest tiled dolmens in the Caucasus. No burial remains were found. All research on the megalith, incl. according to its orientation, the director of the museum of the reserve, T.V. Fedunova, makes it.

Amazing Stove


with bowl-shaped recesses is located in the area of ​​the same village in a clearing on the left bank of the Belaya River near the bridge. In summer, tents are often set up near it and used as a table.

Fars Valley, Novosvobodnaya village.


Bogatyrskaya road- one of the earliest explored clusters of Caucasian megaliths. The main part stands in dense rows around the top of Mount Bogatyrka, which is not far (~15 km) from the village of Novosvobodnaya, the former Tsarskaya. Unfortunately, very few megaliths have actually survived. Basically you will find only ruins here.

Belaya River

The Khadzhokh-1 dolmen is located on the first right high terrace of the Belaya River, 370 m west of the Maykop-Kamennomostsky highway, and 400 m east of the Belaya River, on the southern edge of the modern orchard. The dolmen is quite well preserved, but the front portal slabs are badly damaged, and a hole has been punched in the back wall. The dolmen is oriented along the northwest-southeast line. The chamber is trapezoidal in shape. The floor is not traced; inside the chamber there is a layer of earth.

Khamyshki village
dolmen located on the Dudugush ridge near the village of Khamyshki, Maykop district. The monument was named “Dudugush-1” after the name of the ridge on which it is located. The dolmen is located at an altitude of just over 1 km above sea level, on the gentle western spur of the western slope of the ridge, in the place of a natural outcrop of yellow sandstone slabs, from which it was built. The building is quite clearly oriented from north to south, the portal is located on the south side. The dolmen is composite, the dolmen chamber is ellipsoidal in shape, truncated by the front slab.

What are dolmens

Stonehenge, the Pyramid of Cheops, the temple complex of Baalbek are giant stone structures created by man that bygone eras have left us. They are found all over the globe from America to Korea. Their size, complexity of construction, accuracy, thoroughness of processing, weight of individual elements amaze the imagination of not only tourists, but also archaeologists and modern builders. There are several names for huge buildings that are thousands of years old: megaliths, ancient temples, pyramids. One of them is dolmens.

Dolmens are man-made structures made of large, sometimes huge stones (slabs, blocks). Most often they consist of four vertical elements, covered on top with a horizontal slab, inclined from the front to the rear. The general appearance resembles a stone table, which in the Breton language in the Middle Ages gave the common name to dolmens on the coast of modern France, and subsequently everywhere in the world. Sometimes a dolmen looks more like a stone house, or even a modern bunker, a bunker, which is facilitated by the small hole in the front slab.

In most dolmens, the outer surface of the stones from which they are composed is practically untouched. However, inside the stones are carefully processed, sometimes with geometric patterns.

Why were dolmens built?

The mystery of the construction of these stone structures overgrown with moss has always interested people. Myths, legends, guesses, and scientific hypotheses have attributed different purposes to them over the centuries. What it came down to:

• Ancient temples, altars, altars that belonged to the Druids, priests of the Aztecs, Egyptians and other peoples, depending on the region where the dolmens were located.
• Tombs of tribal, military leaders, priests, shamans.
• Ancient observatories, astronomical structures for maintaining a calendar based on the Sun, Moon, and stars.
• Treasures.
• Dwellings, warehouses.
• Magic portals.
• Ultrasonic emitters.

The last two assumptions are popular among fans of esoteric practices, who consider dolmens as protective structures of ancient people, and objects for communication with the noosphere and teleportation.

The scientific world, of course, does not take these hypotheses seriously. Scientists tend to think that dolmens are more likely to be cult-religious, memorial-funeral structures than utilitarian household or mystical buildings. The astronomical alignment of most known dolmens has also not yet brought success.

During archaeological excavations, bones of animals, including domesticated ones, as well as human burials were discovered inside many dolmens. But radiocarbon analysis showed that their age is much less than the time of construction of the dolmens themselves, dating back to the 5th–4th millennium BC. e. Scientists have not yet come to a common opinion about the purpose and use of dolmens by Neolithic people, so archaeological excavations and laboratory research continue.

Famous dolmens of the world

Here we must give primacy to the ancient buildings in Brittany, which gave their name to all the others. These are the Karnak stones near the city of the same name, which are the largest concentration of megalithic structures in the world, as well as the largest dolmen in France, located in the city of Essay, which is called Roche-aux-fées.

In Europe, dolmens are found in Ireland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Spain, Portugal, and Sweden. The most famous of them, attracting tourists from all over the world:

• The Carrowmore complex in the north of Ireland.
• The giant Soto dolmen in Spain, where in addition to it in the province of Huelva there are about 200 ancient structures.
• Glantan East in County Cork, Ireland.

They are in India, China, Israel, Jordan, Algeria. Moreover, in the latter country, a huge number of dolmens (about 7 thousand) are located in the Roknia necropolis. For comparison: in all of France there are about 4.5 thousand buildings. In Israel, about 700 monuments of ancient architecture are located on the Givat Bazak field. Several hundred dolmens are located on the Korean Peninsula. They are found on the Atlantic coast of Canada and the USA.

Dolmens in Russia

In our country, they are located mainly on the Black Sea coast in the Krasnodar Territory in the areas of the cities of Sochi, Novorossiysk, Tuapse, Gelendzhik. And also in the Caucasus: in Karachay-Cherkessia, Adygea. The most famous:

• Volkonsky dolmen monolith, which was the tourist brand of Sochi 2014.
• “Cult stone with seats” near Kudepsta.
• Dolmen on Mount Nexis near Gelendzhik.
• In the area of ​​the Lazarevskoye resort.

Interest in them here is fueled by travel agencies, since there are few historical attractions in beach holiday destinations. Dolmens were found in the Southern Urals on Vera Island in Lake Turgoyak.

One of the mysteries of dolmens is that they have similar architecture regardless of the location, be it Europe, Canada or South Korea, and were built during the same historical period when there could not be any regular communication between human communities thousands of kilometers distant.

It is regrettable that unique structures are often destroyed by vandals, “black” archaeologists, and local residents who use fragments of dolmens. This legacy of the ancient eras of mankind hides many more mysteries that can be solved in the future only by preserving them for posterity.

"Dolmen? What is this?" - those who have never heard such a name may ask. The word is Celtic, translated as “stone table”. Dolmens are structures made of processed stone slabs, used for religious purposes. They, especially those built in Western Europe, really resemble tables. The age of such structures exceeds the age of the pyramids. This means that in the areas where they were erected, people were already at a relatively high level of development at that time. Anyone in doubt can conduct an experiment and build their own dolmen. That this cannot be accomplished becomes immediately clear. After all, you need to take a stone slab weighing five hundred kilograms, polish it and make a perfectly smooth round hole in the middle. Please note that all this must be done without modern devices, but only with your hands! Although, of course, we cannot say for sure what technologies were known to the builders of these historical monuments.

The first structures of this type were found in Brittany, one of the French provinces, and they began to be studied. They are found in other places too. In our country, dolmens are known in Gelendzhik, Krasnodar Territory, as well as Crimean dolmens. Their distinctive

Many people think when they see a dolmen: “What is it? What is its practical purpose?” The assumption that representatives of the ancient people simply decided to leave a memory of themselves only for aesthetic reasons is untenable. Our ancestors were too practical. This means that these structures had a specific practical purpose. But no one can say for sure yet which one. There are two versions: this is a religious building for sacrifices, and possibly a space that transformed and generated energy flows of the human body. Simply put, dolmens were used to heal illnesses.

What role does the dolmen play now? What is this from the point of view of modern man? Their locations are quite popular among tourists. People come not only to see and touch history, but also with the secret hope that the dolmen can cure their ailments and even change their fate. It is difficult to say how true this is. Some firmly believe in the magical properties of dolmens, others grin skeptically. But one thing is for sure: these are ancient monuments, and you need to visit them in order to touch history and once again be amazed at the greatness of the human spirit, capable of moving mountains, processing them and stacking them on top of each other. Moreover, dolmens are located in fabulously beautiful places.

A dolmen looks like this: it is a structure made of huge stone slabs, four of which are located vertically, and the fifth lies horizontally on them and serves as a ceiling. Such a roof can be up to 10 meters long and weigh several tens of tons.

A notable feature of the dolmens is an unusual oval-shaped hole in the slab located in front. The ancient builders did not process the outside of the blocks from which they created their extraordinary buildings, but the stone walls and ceiling were matched to each other so precisely that even a knife blade could not squeeze through the cracks between them.

The largest number of dolmens were discovered in Korea. Before the war of 1950-53, there were about 80,000 of them. About 30,000 of them have survived to this day.

Dolmens were built in the form of a trapezoid, a rectangle, and sometimes there are even round-shaped structures. Either individual stone blocks were used as building material, or a building was carved out of a huge stone.

The purpose of these megalithic structures is debated in the same way as the meaning of the construction of Stonehenge. It is not yet known for certain how the peers of the ancient Egyptian civilization managed to work with such stone blocks. However, the answer options to the question “Why are dolmens needed?” Scientists still have it.

Some are inclined to believe that dolmens, like the pyramids of Egypt, are parts of the information grid of the ancient world. Others believe that such structures were used as a final refuge for dying people. According to this version, the dolmens are the same age as the Sphinx: they are more than 10,000 years old.

Since ancient burials were almost always found near such megalithic buildings, some scientists believe that dolmens served as tombs for noble members of society, just like the Egyptian pyramids.

The list of assumptions did not include the opinion that dolmens were religious buildings, whose unique design influenced a person in such a way that he could enter a special state of trance and predict the future.

There is also a version according to which dolmens are a unique device for ultrasonic welding. Scientists came to this conclusion after studying a number of Celtic jewelry: their small parts were attached to the base using a technology that resembles the ultrasonic or high-frequency welding used today.

Dolmens, like any megalithic structure, are universal. In other words, they are found all over the planet. As you can see, dolmens on the maps are located very widely. But their concentration is especially large in countries where Celtic peoples previously lived, as well as in Russia in the Caucasus, in the Krasnodar Territory. In fact, this is not a complete list of countries where you can find these ancient creations.

Unusual dolmen

Typically, a dolmen is a monumental structure made of vertically installed stone slabs, covered with another stone slab on top. A kind of stone box or house, the weight of which sometimes exceeds a hundred tons. The Volkonsky dolmen is not like that. It is carved into a stone boulder. Dolmens of this monolithic type are known to science. But this one is the only one that has survived.

The dimensions of the Volkonsky dolmen are 8 meters wide and 17 meters long. A ritual bowl was carved on the roof with a 60 cm recess, designed to collect rainwater. Many believe that the water from this bowl is healing and has magical properties.

A dolmen is an artifact, that is, a structure about which little is known. Neither who built it, nor why. The literal translation from Breton is “stone table”. That's what the Celts called it.

Naturally, the word “dolmen” did not immediately take root in the Caucasus. Abkhazians call them houses of the soul. Adygs are houses for life in the afterlife, Mingrelians are houses of giants. The Cossacks called them heroic or devil's huts. If there are so many of our own names, then why do we use foreign ones? And this is another mystery. However, there is one answer - so as not to quarrel with the locals. In the Caucasus, 2.5 thousand dolmens are known, of which about 200 are in the Greater Sochi region.

Dolmens in translation stone table, Dolmens are ancient stone structures of a certain shape. Surprisingly, dolmens are older than the Egyptian pyramids, they are more than ten thousand years old. Dolmens contain there are quite a few secrets and gathers around itself many legends.

Sources: fb.ru, naukatehnika.com, paikea.ru, rg.ru, review-planet.ru, travelask.ru

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INFORMATION ABOUT DOLMENS

"Information about Dolmens"

Information about Dolmens.

Dolmens of Adygea

If you have never heard the word “Dolmen”, then you probably have a question: “What is it?”
Dolmens are the First Wonder of the World. A miracle found in many countries around the world. Dolmens have colossal power, for which there is no explanation. And the most mysterious of them are in Russia, in the Caucasus.
In encyclopedias and dictionaries of past years, you can read that “Dolmens are cult funeral structures of noble people of the tribes who lived in this area and wanted to perpetuate their memory.” They were constructed from several huge stone slabs placed vertically upward and covered with a massive slab on top. Or, at first, dolmens were a family sanctuary and only later became funeral structures. Many scientists consider dolmens to be only funerary structures and date them to the 2-3 millennium BC.
But who were the builders of the dolmens? Why and for what purpose did they hew multi-ton slabs of stone and move them over vast distances? Is it only for burial? What was the culture of these people who managed to build dolmens in different parts of the world? What did their homes look like and where did the builders finally go?
There are no answers to all these questions. Scientists have more assumptions than data. Dolmens are one of the very mysterious types of archaeological monuments. The enormous range of their distribution in time and space makes it difficult to reconstruct a complete picture.
The Siberian sorceress Anastasia, who, thanks to generations of many ancestors, “retained the ability to communicate with the dimension where thoughts and wisdom live,” says about dolmens that these “shrines ... are more significant than the pyramids of Egypt and the temples of Jerusalem.”
“Dolmens are not funeral structures; about 10 thousand years ago, people who had not lost the ability to use the wisdom of the Universe went to them. They left to help distant descendants find the way to this wisdom..."
For many millennia, the efforts of these people were unclaimed. Subsequent generations no longer understood the true purpose of dolmens and did not know about their capabilities. Until the 19th century, local residents experienced fear when approaching dolmens. But it was not fear of some unknown, it was reverent fear.
Already in the post-war period, when archaeological scientists began to open dolmens in search of confirmation of their hypotheses, local residents dared not only to open, but also to take away dolmens - and some dolmen buildings now have the most unsightly appearance.
If any of the readers have a desire to take away at least a piece of a dolmen pebble as a souvenir when visiting dolmens, this should not be done. Dolmens do not take revenge, but those particles that are taken away lead, unfortunately, to indelible negative consequences.
Dolmens help people look at the world with different eyes and consciously approach everything that happens around them. Dolmens are a repository of ancient knowledge, their purpose is to answer.
In 1997-98, employees of the Moscow Anastasia Research Center visited the Caucasus and worked with some dolmens of the city.

Gelendzhik, using Anastasia’s recommendations. Interesting material was collected and many photographs were taken. The perception of dolmens varies, but they live and speak. They are healing and open to everyone. But an indispensable condition is purity of thoughts. Only through awareness and purity of thoughts will the knowledge of the original sources come to you.

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Information about Dolmens

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I first learned about dolmens about four years ago, when my friend returned from vacation from Anapa, where he was visiting his parents, and brought back a small souvenir in the form of a box of flat stones with a round hole in one of the sides. After his brief story, I got the feeling that these structures were used by people in the past in a completely different way than they think about them (at that time I was not yet familiar with the wonderful books of A. Novykh). Time passed and my re-acquaintance with dolmens occurred after reading “Ezoosmos”. Visually, I already had at least an idea of ​​what they look like. The question of detailed study arose, but as always, thousands of reasons prevented us from delving into and understanding it. I hope today, with our joint efforts, we will be able to prepare more or less worthwhile introductory material.

I'll go off topic a little. The entire process of creating an article, from collecting information to putting everything together, was accompanied by the most severe attacks of the animal nature and all sorts of septic barriers. From initial thoughts like: “Here you showed initiative, what do you need it for, let someone else do it, it won’t work, quit, etc.”, after the light infantry was ignored, heavy artillery entered the battle in the form of often a non-working Internet, a slow computer, a loss of collected information, even a near-fire on the landing due to problems with electrical wiring. When this did not stop, ZhN began to attack through my loved ones and relatives - my daughter and wife. Quarrels arose over trifles, but knowing where the roots grew, I tried to withstand the blow, so to speak. Well, okay, as Leopold the cat sang: “We will survive this trouble.”

So, let's go.

General description and where they are located.

Ancient peoples from Britain to India built no less amazing structures from huge slabs - dolmens. Dolmens belong to the group of ancient megaliths (translated from the Greek word “ megalith" means "huge stone") and are man-made structures of a certain shape, made of massive stone slabs or stone blocks. These ancient mystical structures, the age of which, according to some estimates, ranges from 2 thousand years to 7-8 thousand years (sometimes they even call the figure 10,000 years!) are distributed throughout the world, in a variety of countries and cultures. Some scientists believe that the first dolmens were built on the Iberian Peninsula in 4000-3500. BC e. Other researchers argue that the earlier center of construction was the Balearic Islands, Sardinia and Corsica.

Today in the world there are about at least 9000 dolmens. These buildings are found in Bulgaria and Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast, on the islands of Corsica and Malta, in Spain and Portugal. Many dolmens have been discovered on the territory of modern England and France. Even on the islands of Polynesia many of them have been found. Also, dolmen structures were discovered in North Africa in Roknia, India, Palestine and North Korea (more than 50% of all dolmens in the world are located on the Korean Peninsula and most of them are located in Gochang, Hwasun and on the island of Ganghwa; before the start of the war of 1950-1953 There were about 80,000 of them, at least 30,000 have survived to date, but this in no way proves that Korea is the birthplace of dolmens). A large cluster of dolmens is located along the Black Sea coast, especially in the Caucasus, where they are found in the coastal strip and stretch along the coast for 400 km from Anapa, Novorossiysk to Abkhazia. The width of this strip towards Novorossiysk is 75 km and in this territory, at the moment, archaeologists have found about 3,000 dolmens. It is believed that the earliest dolmens were built here at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC.

These are huge flat stone slabs, four of which are installed vertically and covered with a fifth slab on top. The weight of this cover can reach tens of tons, dimensions - up to 10 meters. The further from the sea, the smaller the stone buildings become. There is a small oval or round hole in the front plate. The stone blocks from which the dolmens are made are practically unprocessed on the outside, but on the inside they are leveled and almost polished.

Dolmens are common in many countries of the world. As noted above, they gravitate towards watersheds, karst areas, slopes with a river, and mountainous and forested areas. Currently, more and more previously unknown dolmens are being discovered in many countries around the world:

Map of the location of dolmen zones in the Western Caucasus. List of dolmen zones. Markovin V.I.

It is unknown which of his contemporaries discovered dolmens. But the first descriptions were made by foreigners. In 1794, the German Peter Simon Pallas visited Taman and described the stone houses he discovered. In 1818, the Frenchman Tebu de Marigny, a sailor in Russian service, recorded in writing a group of 6 dolmens on the Pshada River. And during the Caucasian War in 1839, the English intelligence officer James Bell, who lived among the Shapsugs, made picturesque sketches of the mountaineers against the backdrop of dolmens.

What does the word "Dolmen" mean?

Different peoples have many definitions and meanings. Since we have already undertaken to find out more about them, I will give what we managed to find. The name “dolmen” comes from the combination of two words in the Breton language, namely “toal”, “dol” - “table” and “men” - “stone”, which literally means “stone table”. There are also other interpretations of the word “dolmen” - “changing share”...

"The All-Knowing Wikipedia" gives the following definitions of dolmens among different peoples:

• Abkhazians: psaun - house of the soul, human soul; adamra, ahatgun - burial houses.
• Adygea: ispun, ispyun, spyun (shapsug); kh'eunezh - houses for life in the afterlife akh'retun.
• Kabardians: isp-une - house of isp.
• Megrelians: mdishkude, odzvale, sadzvale - houses of giants, receptacle for bones.
• Cossacks: heroic huts or huts, didov's and devil's huts.
• In Portugal, dolmens are usually called "anta", in Scandinavia - "röse"; these words are part of the names of local dolmens.

We also came across these versions:

Adyghe people call Caucasian dolmens “syrp-un”, which means houses of dwarfs. Ossetians have a legend about a people of dwarfs - Bitsenta, who are endowed with supernatural traits. For example, the bicenta dwarf is capable of knocking down a huge tree with one glance. According to legend, dwarfs live in the sea. Ossetians claim that the ancestors of the Caucasian peoples - the mythical Narts - also came out of the sea and gave people culture.

V. Yashkardin describes it this way on his website: http://www.dopotopa.com/v_yashkardin_dolmeny_1.html.

The word "Dolmen" appeared in Russian archeology after the 1840s. For example, Felitsyn E.D. in 1879 he uses the word “Dolmen” in his work, and in later works he uses the word “Dolmen”. Until this time, in the scientific works of Pallas P.S., Tebu de Marigny E., Ashik A.B., Dubois de Montpere, James Bell S. and others, the following words were used to designate a dolmen:
Graber (grave), Hugel (mound), de petits tumulus ( small tumulus), coffres en pierres (stone box), pays maison (hut), tombeaux (grave), tombe (tomb), etc.

The first person to describe the origin of the word “dolmen” in Russia was the famous Russian archaeologist, Count Uvarov A.S. In his work "Megalithic Monuments in Russia", he outlined in detail the origin of this word. Uvarov A.S. claims that the word "dolmen" was invented by the French scientist Bodin, from the Celtic words tol (table) and men (stone). Jean-Francis talks wonderfully about the megalithic monuments of Saumur: dolmens, cromlechs, menhirs, etc. He confidently uses these terms, without any explanation of the origin of these words. This is what he calls the ancient stone buildings of the Celts. There are no Celtic stone tables (tol-men) here either, so Boden doesn’t know about it. It can be assumed that Uvarov A.S. I haven’t read Jean-Francis Bodin, but use criticism from the encyclopedia.

Since Uvarov A.S. - one of the main archaeologists in Russia at that time, his opinion is accepted a priori. For example, Felitsyn E.D. repeats this story in his work, which is the basis of all further research. To the credit of Soviet archaeologists, they do not mention J.-F. Bodin. in that way. Leonid Ivanovich Lavrov does not mention tol-men (stone table). Vladimir Ivanovich Markovin, in his main work on dolmens, very carefully described this term. He gave a link to a French encyclopedia from 1966, but indicated the time of the term “dolmen” at the end of the 18th century (this is definitely not Bodin J.-F.)

Let's clarify the words of V.I. Markovin. about the end of the 18th century. The word "dolmen" was already used in the works of French scientists of the late 18th century: Pierre Jean-Baptiste Legrand d'Aussy (1737-1800), Theophile Malo Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne (1743-1800).

Particularly noteworthy is the book of the famous “Celtoman” (collector of short stories) Théophile Malo, “Galian Origin” of 1792, in which he defines the word as the ancient name of the top stone of the Gaul sanctuary. From this it becomes clear that the word “dolmen” or “dolmin” is of ancient origin. Now about the “stone table” (tol-men). The story is even more confusing and meaningless. In the English and French Wikipedia, this version, among etymologists, raises great doubts. From Celtic, tol-men is a stone circle, not a stone table, although these concepts are close to them. There is no "Tol-man" in English and French, so the Celtic language is referred to.

About the meaning of the words:
DOLMEN - long-changing, remembering,
DOLMEN - changing share,
TOLMAN - a circle of men, a gathering point for people changing the world, a stone circle.

A word means what its sound image carries and does not depend on the date of its creation. All other (local) names of dolmens are less ancient (my opinion), and were never called that in the original sources.

Examples of local names of dolmens:

• Adygeans, Abkhazians: Ispun (houses of dwarfs), Spyun (cave), Keunezh (ancient grave houses), Adamara,
• Mingrelians: Mdishkude (house of giants, repository of bones), Odzvale (receptacle of bones), Sadzvale,
• Cossacks: Bogatyrsky huts, Didova hut,
• English: table-stone (stone table),
• Celts: Dolmin (top heavy stone of the sanctuary),
• Irish: Dolmain (sanctuary),
• Türks: Dolmatas...

We see that many who called dolmens that way had no idea what they were. Houses of dwarfs, giants, tables... Also the word Pyramid can be called “a pile of stones” and we can say that this is an ancient name. Open Google translator, there is a pronunciation of Words from any language. Listen to the word PYRAMID, it sounds exactly like that in all languages, although it is spelled differently. Words sound the same in all languages ​​only when they were created in the common information space of the Earth. For example, the Russian word created in the 20th century is “Sputnik” (with a traveler, walking together). The sound image of this word denotes its essence, and it sounds the same all over the world. So, the word Pyramid was created in the general information space of the Earth, which existed before our era. This is how this word sounded before the great flood, and during the construction of the pyramids (we read Herodotus, he called the Pyramids Pyramids, and he lived before our era). It is possible that the word “Dolmen”, like “Pyramid”, came to us from a previous civilization, and this remains to be seen. The peoples of our civilization who lived near dolmens may not have built them. And some were even afraid of them. For example, the Adyghe people called the dolmen ISPUN (from the pun that frightens us).

History of dolmen research.

Since the purpose of this article is mostly for informational purposes (in my opinion, it is better to pay more attention to the principle of operation and why these things were actually built).

Why were the recesses for the front slabs of the dolmen adjusted so precisely to the shape???

7. The ratio of the dimensions of the dolmen chamber.

Researchers have identified some patterns in the ratio of the dimensions of the internal chamber. The ratio of the width of the chamber in the front part to the length of the chamber and the width in the rear part is related as:

Tiled, Type 1, Option 1 (no holes): approximately 10/10/10, about 11 dolmens in total. Tiled, Type 1, Option 2 (portal): 10/12/8, 10/12/9, about 48 dolmens in total.

Tiled, Type 1, Option 3 (with portal projections): the pattern has not been established, there are about 7 dolmens in total. Tiled, Type 1, Option 4 Variety 1 (false portal with square base): 10/10/8, 10/10/9

Tiled, Type 1, Option 4 Variety 2 (false portal with trapezoidal base): 10/9/8

Tiled, Type 1, Option 4 Variety 3 (false-portal simplified): 10/8/7, 10/8/6, the pattern is poorly studied.

That is, there are several groups with a characteristic ratio of the length and width of the chamber. Any official or alternative hypothesis must explain the typical aspect ratio.

Why were dolmens built with a given aspect ratio?

8. The presence of a platform leveled to the horizon in front of the dolmen.

For dolmens, platforms were made leveled to the horizon, which exceeded the size of the foundation itself. That is, it is necessary to explain the purpose of these platforms, since for stability it was enough to level only the platform under the base of the dolmen.

Lavrov L.I. [Dolmens of the North-West Caucasus, 1960]:

"Researchers of Caucasian dolmens, as a rule, did not pay attention to the obligatory presence of a flat platform in front of the facade. Only one A.F. Leshchenko contains an indication of the platform. At the same time, the platform can be noted in all cases known to me. If the dolmen stands on flat surface, then the role of the indicated platform was played by an entirely unmarked space adjacent to the facade. In such cases, it is really difficult to notice. But if the dolmen is located on the slope of a mountain, then the platform is sometimes noticeable. and sometimes an artificial small flat space in front of the facade, while immediately behind the back wall of the dolmen a more or less steep uphill climb begins.

There are 9 known dolmens, in which the area in front of the facade is fenced with menhirs, and in 1 dolmen (the village of Dzhubga) - with a fence made of large hewn stone blocks. The platform at the dolmen-monolith on the Godlik River (size 2.5x2.5 m) was carved out of the same stone as the dolmen itself and, being on the same level with the floor of the latter, is located at a height of 3 m above the ground."

Why did they make flat areas in front of the dolmen façade, level with the dolmen floor?

Any hypothesis about the purpose of dolmens should give a simple and understandable answer to the questions asked above, without any exaggeration or verbiage (they wanted it, they thought, but in reality... etc.).

There is repeatability, which means there is manufacturability and there must be logic in actions...

To be continued...

Prepared by: Alexander N (Ukraine)