Khortitsa National Nature Reserve, Khortitsa Island. Zaporozhye Cossacks

Probably every Cossack has heard about this island. And some see him almost every day from the bus window when they go to work from Baburka and back. First, information from Wikipedia. Malaya Khortytsia (Bayda Island) is an island between the right bank part of Zaporozhye and Khortytsia in the bed of the Old Dnieper. Included in the Khortitsa National Nature Reserve. The island housed a Bronze Age settlement (3-4 thousand BC), it was inhabited in ancient times, and the Slavs lived here during the era of Kievan Rus. In the 16th century on the island there was a castle town - the prototype of the Zaporozhye Sich, and in 1736-1739. - shipyard. The greatest length and width of the island are approximately 560 and 160 meters; area - about 7 hectares. In the northern part, the rocks rise 14 m above the water.

Name
The island is known by various names. It is mentioned under the name Malaya Khortitsa in the Diary of Erich Lyasota. On the plan of 1737 it is called Verkhnekhortytsky, “on which a retrenchment to the Admiralty for the construction of ships, called the “Zaporozhye shipyard,” was laid out. On the “Atlas of the Dnieper” of 1786 the island is named. Under the Mennonite Germans, the island was called Kantserovsky, as it lies opposite the Kantserovka ravine. Then he was called Gadyuchy, Hetmansky, Liza Chaikina. In recent years, the name Baida has stuck, which coincides with the nickname of Dmitry Vishnevetsky. The word “baida” (Turkic “buidak”) means a free, unmarried, carefree person.
Vishnevetsky town
On the island there was a tree-earthen fortress town, built in 1556 by the Volyn prince Dmitry Vishnevetsky (nicknamed Baida), which was the prototype of the Zaporozhye Sich. This is evidenced by the remains of a 16th-century fortification, guns, fragments of sabers, axes, arrowheads and spears found here, and coins of that time. From his fortifications, the prince repeatedly carried out attacks on Tatar and Turkish fortresses in the lower reaches of the Dnieper.
At the beginning of 1557, the Crimean Khan Devlet I Giray decided to destroy the town that suddenly appeared on his lands. After twenty-four days of fighting, the fortress held out, and the khan retreated. There is a record of this event in the “Russian Chronicle” (according to Nikon’s list): “He left Vishnevetsky in great shame.”
In 1558, the Crimean Khan Devlet I Giray approached the shores of Khortitsa. Vishnevetsky fought back for a long time, but then, deprived of all food and losing many people, and even more horses eaten by the Cossacks, he left the island and went to Cherkassy and Kanev. Vishnevetsky's "city" was probably destroyed by the Tatars.
According to Yavornitsky’s description, the fortifications of the northern part of the island had the shape of a horseshoe, the southern and northern sides of which rose 40 fathoms, the western - 56 fathoms.
Modernity
In the 70s of the last century, the island was a pitiful sight. Every year its area decreased, the rocky part was excavated by “black” archaeologists, the grass and trees were burned by beacon workers and tourists. There was a pile of garbage in the middle of the island. In 1980, the youth of the Zaporizhstal plant decided to build a camp site on the island.
With the support of the enterprise administration, the coastline was strengthened. 12 barges of granite were delivered. To create two small beaches, 8 barges of sand were brought from the village of Belenkoye. To give a picturesque appearance to the island, trees from local nurseries were planted: willows along the shore, acacia and mulberries in the center of the island. The nature reserve of the island does not allow building here from concrete and brick; it was decided to install wooden houses (kolybas), which were made in exchange for metal in the Ivano-Frankivsk region.
Since then, a lot of water has flowed around the island, but cleanliness and order on Baida are still maintained exclusively thanks to Zaporizhstal and the employees of the Brigantina youth sports and recreation center - director Nikolai Gudozhnik, watchmen Gennady Tsekhmeistrenko, Sergei Yukhnevich, Stanislav Yashchenko, Vitaly Vardidzev, landscaper Tatyana Matveiko. Let us note that taking care of Malaya Khortytsia is both easier and more difficult than the rest of the reserve. After all, you can only get there by boat. There are fewer people, but garbage is also removed, again, only by water transport. We state: Baida is cleaner than Khortytsia. Thanks again to Zaporizhstal!

The island hosted a Bronze Age settlement (3-4 thousand BC), it was inhabited in ancient times, in the first centuries of our era (Chernyakhov culture), Slavs lived here during the era of Kievan Rus. In the 16th century on the island there was a castle town - a prototype of the Zaporozhye Sich, and in 1736-1739. a shipyard was built on the island.

The greatest length and width of the island are approximately 560 and 160 meters, respectively; area - about 7 hectares. On the northern part of the island, the rocks rise above the water by 12-14 m, the southern flat part ends with a sandbank.

The higher northern part of the island covers an area of about 2 hectares. Defensive structures and other remains of the Zaporozhye Shipyard fortress are located here. Outside the fortifications of the 18th century. the island descends in barely visible terraces to a dry riverbed that separates the high part of the island from the sand dune. In the past, the island was sometimes connected to the mainland right bank of the Dnieper.

The island is known by various names. Entitled Malaya Khortytsia he is mentioned in the Diary of Erich Lasota. On the plan of 1737 it is called Verkhnekhortytsky, “on which a retranchement to the Admiralty for the construction of ships, called the Zaporozhye shipyard, was laid.” On the “Atlas of the Dnieper” of 1786 the island is called Vyrvoy from the time when, after a large flood, part of the right bank was separated by a channel (“torn out” area - 500 hectares). Under the Mennonites the island was called Kantserovsky, since it lies opposite the Kantserovka beam. According to the version of local historian V. G. Fomenko, the name of the beam comes from the Turkic “kansir”, which means “bleeding, bleeding,” and suggests large battles in this place. Most likely, the name of the river comes from the brown color of the water, due to the outcrops of layers of red clay. Then the island was called Vipers, Hetman, Lisa Chaikina .

In recent years, the island has been called “Baida”, which coincides with the nickname of Dmitry Vishnevetsky: a word (from Turkic. buidak) means a free, unmarried, carefree person.

After the construction of the dam, the Dnieper became a little shallower. According to the stories of old-timers, before construction, Malaya Khortytsia was smaller than it is now: it was a rock with fortifications, from it to the right bank there was a “quiet water” (sand spit), which ended at the mouth of a gully opposite the island. This quiet water served as a pier for Cossack boats.

On the island there was a tree-earthen fortress town, built in 1556 by the Volyn prince Dmitry Vishnevetsky (nicknamed Baida), who was the prototype of the Zaporozhye Sich. This is evidenced by the remains of a 16th-century fortification, guns, fragments of sabers, axes, arrowheads and spears found here, and coins of that time. From his fortifications, the prince repeatedly carried out attacks on Tatar and Turkish fortresses in the lower reaches of the Dnieper.

By decree of September 3, 1736, the main command and construction of the Dnieper flotilla was entrusted to Vice Admiral Naum Akimovich Senyavin. Senyavin and engineer-major Retsch chose a place on the island for the construction of ships. Vyshnya Khortytsia" A retranchement was established on this island and a military team was stationed for the winter, consisting of a captain, midshipman and 100 lower ranks; Field Marshal Minich ordered this place to be called the “Zaporozhye Shipyard” and delivered its map to the Admiralty Board. The Zaporozhye shipyard was located in the northern part of the island and was an earthen fortification with ramparts and a moat. The western rampart had a length of 85 m, the southern one - 110 m, the northern one - 105 m, in addition, the western rampart had a ditch 1.5 m deep. Inside the fortification there were: a powder magazine, 8 soldiers' dugouts, 2 officer dugouts. In the southern part of the island, outside its fortifications, there were 26 dugouts in which the Zaporozhye Cossacks lived and 5 dugouts for their elders. The ships for the Dnieper flotilla were built by Zaporozhye Cossacks and regular army soldiers led by a galley master. From the drawing presented by Minich on August 11, 1736 to the Senate, it is clear that the prototype of the ships was the Zaporozhye seagull. These vessels had 24 oars, were 60 feet long, 11 feet wide and 3 feet deep. The entire fleet on the Dnieper at that time consisted of 462 ships of this type, most of them (399) were located at Khortitsa and the Malyshevsky redoubt. To serve this flotilla. In 1739, Russian troops, in connection with the conclusion of a separate peace with Turkey by Russia's ally Austria and because of the plague epidemic, abandoned Khortytsky Island and the Zaporozhye shipyard. Due to the lack of transport and the inability to get ships up through the rapids, the army left behind many guns, bombs and other heavy cargo.

“there were ministers and various Admiralty masters... there were 564 people on Khortytsky Island”

The island was part of a natural monument (later a geological reserve) of republican significance “Dnieper Rapids”

After the launch of the new turbine hall of Dneproges-II in 1972, the island of Baida began to disappear: the shore began to quickly wash out - every year the perimeter of the island decreased by a meter, the rocks were excavated by amateur archaeologists, the grass and trees were burned by beacon workers and tourists. There was a pile of garbage in the middle of the island, and snakes had multiplied. In 1980, the Komsomol committee of the Zaporizhstal plant decided to establish a youth tourist base on the island.

With the support of the plant administration, the coastline was strengthened. Granite cobblestones were brought to the island from the quarry on tugs and barges. A total of 12 barges of granite were delivered. To prevent sand from being washed away from the coastline of the island, the gaps between the cobblestones were filled with crushed stone. To create two small beaches, 8 barges of sand were brought from the village of Belenkoye. To give the island a picturesque look, trees from local nurseries were planted - along the banks of the willow, in the center of the island - acacia and mulberry. In order to withdraw (wooden houses) were made in exchange for substandard iron. According to Pustovalov, Prince Vishnevetsky could have used the sundial (excavation materials have been lost). In 1950 and 1953 V.F. Peshanov worked on the island, who laid three pits in different places of the fortifications of the 18th century. The 18th century shaft was cut with a separate trench. He attributed the material found during excavations to the bronze period and Chernyakhov culture, 18th century. The first, more significant work was carried out on the island in 1968 by R. A. Yura (Yura, 1969). During the field season, he excavated two dugouts of lower ranks and cut the southern rampart of the 18th-century fortifications with a trench. The author came to the conclusion that the ancient layers of the settlement were completely destroyed during the construction of the shipyard shaft, and therefore further research on the island should not be carried out (Yura, 1969). This conclusion led to the fact that archaeological specialists left the island without attention for a long time. Only in 1989, V. S. Ilyinsky conducted small reconnaissance at the site (Ilyinsky, Pustovalov, 1992) in connection with the creation of the Khortytsia historical and cultural reserve and the study of all archaeological monuments within its boundaries. S. Zh. Pustovalov was actively involved in Malaya Khortytsia.

The island hosted a Bronze Age settlement (3-4 thousand BC); it was inhabited in ancient times, during the Chernyakhov culture of the first centuries AD. e., the Slavs lived here during the era of Kievan Rus. In the 16th century on the island there was a castle town - a prototype of the Zaporozhye Sich, and in 1736-1739. a shipyard was established on the island.

The higher northern part of the island covers an area of about 2 hectares. Here are located defensive structures and other remains of the Zaporozhye shipyard fortress. Outside the fortifications of the 18th century. the island descends in barely visible terraces to a dry riverbed that separates the high part of the island from the sand dune. In the past, the island was sometimes connected to the mainland right bank of the Dnieper.

Name

The island is known by various names. Entitled Malaya Khortytsia he is mentioned in the Diary of Erich Lasota. On the plan of 1737 it is called Verkhnekhortytsky, "on which a retranchement to the Admiralty for the construction of ships was laid, called the “Zaporozhye shipyard”. On the “Atlas of the Dnieper” of 1786 the island is called Vyrvoy from the time when, after a large flood, part of the right bank was separated by a channel (“torn out” area - 500 hectares). Under the Mennonite Germans, the island was called Kantserovsky, since it lies opposite the Kantserovka beam. According to the version of local historian V. G. Fomenko, the name of the beam comes from the Turkic “kansir”, which means “bleeding, bleeding,” and suggests large battles in this place. Most likely, the name of the river comes from the brown color of the water, due to the outcrops of layers of red clay. Then the island was called Vipers, Hetman, Lisa Chaikina. In recent years, the island has been called “Baida”, which coincides with the nickname of Dmitry Vishnevetsky. The word "baida" (Turkic "buidak") means a free, unmarried, carefree person.

Location

Vishnevetsky town

Zaporozhye shipyard, 1736-1739

By decree of September 3, 1736, the main command and construction of the Dnieper flotilla was entrusted to Vice Admiral Naum Akimovich Senyavin. Senyavin and engineer-major Retsch chose a place on the island for the construction of ships. Vyshnya Khortytsia" A retranchement was established on this island and a military team was stationed for the winter, consisting of a captain, midshipman and 100 lower ranks; Field Marshal General Minich ordered this place to be called the “Zaporozhye Shipyard” and delivered its map to the Admiralty College. The Zaporozhye shipyard was located in the northern part of the island and was an earthen fortification with ramparts and a moat. The western rampart had a length of 85 m, the southern one - 110 m, the northern one - 105 m, in addition, the western rampart had a ditch 1.5 m deep. Inside the fortification there were: a powder magazine, 8 soldiers' dugouts, 2 officer dugouts. In the southern part of the island, outside its fortifications, there were 26 dugouts in which the Zaporozhye Cossacks lived and 5 dugouts for their elders. The ships for the Dnieper flotilla were built by Zaporozhye Cossacks and regular army soldiers led by a galley master. From the drawing presented by Minich on August 11, 1736 to the Senate, it is clear that the prototype of the ships was the Zaporozhye seagull. These vessels had 24 oars, were 60 feet long, 11 feet wide and 3 feet deep. The entire fleet on the Dnieper at that time consisted of 462 ships of this type, most of them (399) were located at Khortitsa and the Malyshevsky redoubt. To serve this flotilla “there were ministers and various Admiralty masters... there were 564 people on Khortytsky Island”. In 1739, Russian troops, in connection with the conclusion of a separate peace with Turkey by Russia's ally Austria and because of the plague epidemic, abandoned Khortytsky Island and the Zaporozhye shipyard. Due to the lack of transport and the inability to get ships up through the rapids, the army left behind many guns, bombs and other heavy cargo.

Modernity

The island was part of the natural monument (later geological reserve) of republican significance “Dnieper Rapids”

After the launch of the new turbine hall of Dneproges-II in 1972, the island of Baida began to disappear: the shore began to quickly wash away - every year the perimeter of the island decreased by a meter, the rocks were excavated by amateur archaeologists, the grass and trees were burned by beacon workers and tourists. There was a pile of garbage in the middle of the island, and snakes had multiplied. In 1980, the Komsomol committee of the Zaporizhstal plant decided to establish a youth tourist base on the island.

The Komsomol organization of the plant, whose secretary was Vladimir Litvin, helped in the arrangement of the island. In 1983, 47 tents were erected and the base was inaugurated. However, the fragility of the tents (they lasted only 2 years) and the nature reserve of the island (the ban on building from concrete and brick) led to the decision to build wooden houses. Kolybas (wooden houses) were made in exchange for substandard iron in the Ivano-Frankivsk region.

When the tourist base was accepted by a commission from the reserve, a pensioner, a former miner at the plant, Dmitry Zysko, was appointed head of the tourist base, who became a public inspector.

Kiev scientist Sergei Zhanovich Pustovalov conducted regular short-term excavations on the island. In August 2003, Pustovalov discovered a 16th-century gnomon, which added to the collection of the Khortitsa National Nature Reserve. According to Pustovalov, Prince Vishnevetsky could have used the sundial.

Initially, the Baida festival of original song and song poetry was held on the island of Baida, but later the festival, retaining its name, was held outside the island.

The camp site employees have their own house on the island, are responsible for the order and property of the base, and transport people by boat. There is a street on the island called “Malaya Khortytsia”.

Notes

Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; Resolution dated 04/06/1993 No. 254 About the National Nature Reserve “Khortytsia”
Kozyrev V.K., Shovkun V. Zaporozhye shipyard // Pivdennaya Ukraine XVIII-XIX centuries. Notes of the scientific research laboratory of the history of modern Ukraine. ZDU. - 2000. - VIP. 5. - From 202-205.
Malaya Khortytsia on wikimapia.org
Area Calculator Using Maps
Pustovalov S. Zh.(Ukrainian) //
Erich Lasota. Shchodennik 1594 fate // Thousand fates of the Ukrainian suspense-political thought. At 9 t. / Focus, forward, accept. V. Shevchuk. - K.: Dnipro, 2001. - T. 2. Book. 1 - XVI century. - 560 s. - ISBN 966-578-039-5
Galina and Maxim Ostapenko The history of our Khortitsa. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012.
Yavornitsky D. History and topography of eight Zaporizk Sich // History of Zaporizk Cossacks.
Addendum No. 2 until the order of the Ministers of the Ukrainian RSR dated 7 September 1963 to date N 1180-r
Rada of Ministers of the URSR; Resolution dated October 28, 1974 No. 500
Peshanov V.F. Report on excavations at M. Khortytsia // Archive of the Zaporozhye Regional Museum of Local Lore. - No. 114.
Ilyinsky V. E., Bodyansky A. V. Archaeological exploration on the island. Baida // Bulletin of local historian. - Zaporozhye, 1990. - Issue. II
Ilyinsky V. E., Kozlovsky A. A., Pustovalov S. Zh. Report on work on the island. Big and Small Khortytsia in 1991 // AT IA NASU 1991/84. - P.27-31.
Ilyinsky I. E., Pustovalov S. Zh. Report on work on the island. Malaya Khortytsia (Baida) in 1992 // ON IA NASU 1992/77.
Illinsky V. E., Pustovalov S. Zh. Fortets on the island. Mala Khortytsia // Pratsi to the center of memory and knowledge. - VIP. 1. - Kiev, 1992. - pp. 142-156.
Illinsky V. E., Pustovalov S. Zh., Kozlovsky A. O. Report on the work of the archaeological expedition Baida-93 // ON IA NASU 1993/105.
Pustovalov S. Zh. Excavation of the rich ball fort on the island. Mala Khortytsia // Archaeological research in Ukraine. - Lutsk, 1993. - P. 89-40
Kozlovsky A., Pustovalov S. Exploration on the island. Mala Khortytsia in 1995 // New research into monuments of the archeology of the Cossack heritage in Ukraine. - K., 1996. - P.59-61.
Pustovalov S. Zh. Bags and prospects for research on the island. Mala Khortytsia (Baida) // Zaporozian Cossacks in the monuments of history and culture. - Zaporizhzhya, 1997. - P.51-55.
Pustovalov S. Zh. Deeds of excavations of a settlement on the island of Mala Khortytsia (Baida) (Ukrainian) // Mitsik Yu., Kirsenko M., Balabushevich T., Dovzhenko N. Scientific notes: Zb.. - Kiev: KM "Academia", 1998. - T. 3, History. - pp. 67-74.
Pustovalov S. Zh. Multi-layered settlement on the island. Malaya Khortytsia (Baida) // Scientific practices of the historical faculty of Zaporizhzhya State University. - Zaporizhzhya: Prosvita, 1998. - VIP. IV. - pp. 162-188.
Kozyrev V.K., Shovkun V. Zaporozhye shipyard // Pivdennaya Ukraine XVIII-XIX centuries. Notes of the scientific research laboratory of the history of modern Ukraine. ZDU

Malaya Khortitsa vodka, Malaya Khortitsa island

Malaya Khortytsia Ukrainian Mala Khortytsya

47°50′06″ n. w. 35°03′03″ E. d. / 47.83500° n. w. 35.05083° E. d. / 47.83500; 35.05083 (G) (O) (Z)Coordinates: 47°50′06″ N. w. 35°03′03″ E. d. / 47.83500° n. w. 35.05083° E. d. / 47.83500; 35.05083 (G) (O) (I)
Water area	Old Dnieper
A country	Ukraine Ukraine
ATE first level	Zaporozhye region
ATE second level	Zaporozhye City Council
Malaya Khortytsia
Malaya Khortytsia
Square	0.07 km²

Malaya Khortytsia(Ukrainian Mala Khortytsya), island Bayda- an island located between the right bank part of Zaporozhye and the island of Khortytsia in the bed of the Old Dnieper. Included in the Khortitsa National Nature Reserve.

The island hosted a Bronze Age settlement (3-4 thousand BC), it was inhabited in ancient times, in the first centuries of our era (Chernyakhov culture), Slavs lived here in the era of Kievan Rus. XVI century on the island there was a castle town - a prototype of the Zaporozhye Sich, and in 1736-1739. A shipyard was built on the island.

1 Title
2 Location
3 Vishnevetsky town
4 Zaporozhye shipyard, 1736-1739
5 Modernity
6 Archaeological research
7 Notes
8 Literature
9 Links

Name

The island is known by various names. It is mentioned under the name Malaya Khortitsa in the Diary of Erich Lyasota. On the plan of 1737 it is called Verkhnekhortytsky, “on which a retranchement to the Admiralty for the construction of ships, called the “Zaporozhye shipyard,” was laid.” On the “Atlas of the Dnieper” of 1786, the island was called Vyrva from the time when, after a large flood, part of the right bank was separated by a channel (“torn out” area - 500 hectares). Under the Mennonites, the island was called Kantserovsky, as it lies opposite the Kantserovka ravine. According to the version of local historian V. G. Fomenko, the name of the beam comes from the Turkic “kansir”, which means “bleeding, bleeding,” and suggests large battles in this place. Most likely, the name of the river comes from the brown color of the water, due to the outcrops of layers of red clay. Then the island was called Gadyuchy, Hetmansky, Liza Chaikina.

In recent years, the island has been called “Baida”, which coincides with the nickname of Dmitry Vishnevetsky: the word (from the Turkic Buydak) means a free, unmarried, carefree person.

Location

Vishnevetsky town

Dmitry "Bayda" Vishnevetsky

On the island there was a tree-earth fortress town, built in 1556 by the Volyn prince Dmitry Vishnevetsky (nicknamed Baida), who was the prototype of the Zaporozhye Sich. This is evidenced by the remains of a 16th-century fortification, guns, fragments of sabers, axes, arrowheads and spears found here, and coins of that time. From his fortifications, the prince repeatedly carried out attacks on Tatar and Turkish fortresses in the lower reaches of the Dnieper.

At the beginning of 1557, the Crimean Khan Devlet I Giray decided to destroy the town that suddenly appeared on his lands. After twenty-four days of fighting, the fortress held out and the khan retreated. There is a record of this event in the “Russian Chronicle” (according to Nikon’s list): “he left Vishnevetsky in great shame.”

In 1558, the Crimean Khan Devlet I Giray approached the shores of Khortitsa. Vishnevetsky fought off the khan for a long time, but then, deprived of all food and losing many people, and even more horses eaten by the Cossacks, he finally left Khortitsa and went to Cherkassy and Kanev, from where he informed the tsar about everything that had happened on Khortitsa and waited for further orders from him .

The Cossacks left Khortitsa and after their departure, the “city” of Vishnevetsky was probably destroyed by the Tatars, since the Moscow Tsar, intending to fight with the Crimea, wanted to build a new fortification “between Khortitsa and Cherkassy,” which would replace the “city” of Vishnevetsky.

According to Yavornitsky’s description, the fortifications of the northern part of the island have the shape of a horseshoe, the southern and northern sides of which rise 40 fathoms, the western - 56 fathoms. In the middle of the fortifications, 25 holes were dug in which pear trees grew. From the point of view of military specialists, the fortifications of Malaya Khortytsia are a redan with flanks, closed with gorges and traverses and oriented up and down against the flow of the Dnieper.

Zaporozhye shipyard, 1736-1739

By decree of September 3, 1736, the main command and construction of the Dnieper flotilla was entrusted to Vice Admiral Naum Akimovich Senyavin. Senyavin and engineer-major Retsch chose a place on the island of Vyshnyaya Khortytsia for the construction of ships. A retranchement was established on this island and a military team was stationed for the winter, consisting of a captain, midshipman and 100 lower ranks; Field Marshal General Minich ordered this place to be called the “Zaporozhye Shipyard” and delivered its map to the Admiralty College. The Zaporozhye shipyard was located in the northern part of the island and was an earthen fortification with ramparts and a moat. The western rampart had a length of 85 m, the southern one - 110 m, the northern one - 105 m, in addition, the western rampart had a ditch 1.5 m deep. Inside the fortification there were: a powder magazine, 8 soldiers' dugouts, 2 officer dugouts. In the southern part of the island, outside its fortifications, there were 26 dugouts in which the Zaporozhye Cossacks lived and 5 dugouts for their elders. The ships for the Dnieper flotilla were built by Zaporozhye Cossacks and regular army soldiers led by a galley master. From the drawing submitted by Minikh to the Senate on August 11, 1736, it is clear that the prototype of the ships was the Zaporozhye seagull. These vessels had 24 oars, were 60 feet long, 11 feet wide and 3 feet deep. The entire fleet on the Dnieper at that time consisted of 462 ships of this type, most of them (399) were located at Khortitsa and the Malyshevsky redoubt. To service this flotilla, “there were servants and various admiralty masters... 564 people were stationed on Khortytsky Island.” In 1739, Russian troops, in connection with the conclusion of a separate peace with Turkey by Russia's ally Austria and because of the plague epidemic, abandoned Khortytsky Island and the Zaporozhye shipyard. Due to the lack of transport and the inability to get ships up through the rapids, the army left behind many guns, bombs and other heavy cargo.

Modernity

The island was part of the natural monument (later geological reserve) of republican significance “Dnieper Rapids”

When the tourist base was accepted by a commission from the reserve, a pensioner, a former miner at the plant, Dmitry Zysko, was appointed head of the tourist base, who became a public inspector.

Initially, the Baida festival of original song and song poetry was held on the island of Baida, but later the festival, retaining its name, was held outside the island.

The camp site employees have their own house on the island, are responsible for the order and property of the base, and transport people by boat. There is a street called Malaya Khortytsia on the island.

Archaeological research

The first archaeological excavations on the island were carried out before the start of World War II by M. L. Makarevich and A. V. Bodyansky (excavation materials were lost). 1950 and in 1953 V.F. Peshanov worked on the island, who laid three pits in different places of the fortifications of the 18th century. The 18th century shaft was cut with a separate trench. He attributed the material found during excavations to the bronze period and Chernyakhov culture, 18th century. The first, more significant work was carried out on the island in 1968 by R. A. Yura (Yura, 1969). During the field season, he excavated two dugouts of the lower ranks, cut the southern rampart of the 18th century fortifications with a trench. The author came to the conclusion that the ancient layers of the settlement were completely destroyed during the construction of the shipyard shaft, and therefore further research on the island should not be carried out (Yura, 1969). This conclusion led to the fact that archaeological specialists left the island without attention for a long time. Only in 1989, V.S. Ilyinsky conducted small reconnaissance at the site (Ilyinsky, Pustovalov, 1992) in connection with the creation of the Khortytsia historical and cultural reserve and the study of all archaeological monuments within its boundaries. S. Zh. Pustovalov was actively involved in Malaya Khortytsia.

Notes

Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; Resolution dated 04/06/1993 No. 254 About the National Nature Reserve “Khortytsia”
1 2
Malaya Khortytsia on wikimapia.org
Area Calculator Using Maps
1 2
Erich Lasota. Shchodennik 1594 fate // Thousand fates of the Ukrainian suspense-political thought. At 9 t. / Focus, forward, accept. V. Shevchuk. - K.: Dnipro, 2001. - T. 2. Book. 1 - XVI century. - 560 s. - ISBN 966-578-039-5.
1 2 3 4 Galina and Maxim Ostapenko. The history of our Khortitsa. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012.
1 2 Yavornytskyi D. History and topography of eight Zaporizk Sich // History of Zaporizk Cossacks.
Addendum No. 2 until the order of the Ministers of the Ukrainian RSR dated 7 September 1963 to date N 1180-r
Rada of Ministers of the URSR; Resolution dated October 28, 1974 No. 500
1 2 3 4 Belyaeva Larisa. Dmitry Zysko: “The owner is needed not only in the state, but also on the island” // Region. - 04.09.2003.
Belyaeva Larisa. Valuable exhibit of the Khortytsia Museum // Region. - 04/29/2004.
Addendum to the decision of the mayor's sake 04/16/2009 No. 48. Replacement of the name of the street on the island. Khortytsia near Zaporizhia metro station. Zaporizka miska is glad. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012.

Literature

Fomenko V. G. Kichka crossing and the town on Maliya Khortytsia // Historical passages and their history. -K.: Science. Dumka, 1966. -Vip. 2. -S. 110-122.
Peshanov V.F. Report on excavations at M. Khortytsia // Archive of the Zaporozhye Regional Museum of Local Lore. - No. 114.
Ilyinsky V. E., Bodyansky A. V. Archaeological exploration on the island. Baida // Bulletin of local historian. - Zaporozhye, 1990. - Issue. II
Ilyinsky V. E., Kozlovsky A. A., Pustovalov S. Zh. Report on work on the island. Big and Small Khortytsia in 1991 // AT IA NASU 1991/84. - P.27-31.
Ilyinsky I. E., Pustovalov S. Zh. Report on work on the island. Malaya Khortytsia (Baida) in 1992 // ON IA NASU 1992/77.
Illinsky V. E., Pustovalov S. Zh. Fortets on the island. Mala Khortytsia // Pratsi to the center of memory and knowledge. - VIP. 1. - Kiev, 1992. - pp. 142-156.
Illinsky V. E., Pustovalov S. Zh., Kozlovsky A. O. Report on the work of the archaeological expedition Baida-93 // ON IA NASU 1993/105.
Pustovalov S. Zh. Excavation of the rich ball fort on the island. Mala Khortytsia // Archaeological research in Ukraine. - Lutsk, 1993. - P. 89-40
Kozlovsky A., Pustovalov S. Exploration on the island. Mala Khortytsia in 1995 // New research into monuments of the archeology of the Cossack heritage in Ukraine. - K., 1996. - P.59-61.
Pustovalov S. Zh. Bags and prospects for research on the island. Mala Khortytsia (Baida) // Zaporozian Cossacks in the monuments of history and culture. - Zaporizhzhya, 1997. - P.51-55.
Pustovalov S. Zh. Excavations of the ancient settlement on the island of Mala Khortytsia (Baida) (Ukrainian) // Mitsik Y., Kirsenko M., Balabushevich T., Dovzhenko N. Scientific notes: Zb.. - Kiev: KM "Academia" , 1998. - T. 3, History. - pp. 67-74.
Pustovalov S. Zh. Multi-layered settlement on the island. Malaya Khortytsia (Baida) // Scientific practices of the historical faculty of Zaporizhzhya State University. - Zaporizhzhya: Prosvita, 1998. - VIP. IV. - pp. 162-188.
Kozyrev V.K., Shovkun V. Zaporozhye shipyard // Pivdennaya Ukraine XVIII-XIX centuries. Notes of the scientific research laboratory of the history of modern Ukraine. ZDU. - 2000. - VIP. 5. - From 202-205.
Pustovalov S. Zh. Prince Dmitro Vishnevetsky, the great historical significance of the island of Mala Khortytsia (Baida) and more... // Museum Bulletin. - Zaporizhzhya, 2003. - No. 3. - P. 133-139
Lenchenko V. Castle of Dmitry Vishnevetsky. History and reconstruction project: (On the island of Mala Khortytsia (Niniya Baida) // Monuments of Ukraine: history and culture, 2007. - No. 2. - P.46-51.

Poetry

Rebro P. P. (Ukrainian) Russian. Baidi Island: Poetry. Songs. -Zaporizhzhya: Khortytsia, 1999. −56 p.

Links

Photo on the website “Territory of Baburka”

Malaya Khortitsa vodka, Malaya Khortitsa Zaporizhia, Malaya Khortitsa island, Malaya Khortitsa premium

Malaya Khortytsia (Ukrainian: Mala Khortytsia), Baida Island - an island located between the right bank part of Zaporozhye and Khortytsia Island in the bed of the Old Dnieper. Included in the Khortitsa National Nature Reserve. The island hosted a Bronze Age settlement (3-4 thousand BC), it was inhabited in ancient times, in the first centuries of our era (Chernyakhov culture), Slavs lived here in the era of Kievan Rus. In the 16th century on the island there was a castle town - a prototype of the Zaporozhye Sich, and in 1736-1739. A shipyard was built on the island. The greatest length and width of the island are approximately 560 and 160 meters, respectively; area - about 7 hectares. On the northern part of the island, the rocks rise above the water by 12-14 m, the southern flat part ends with a sandbank. The higher northern part of the island covers an area of about 2 hectares. Here are located defensive structures and other remains of the Zaporozhye shipyard fortress. Outside the fortifications of the 18th century. the island descends in barely visible terraces to a dry riverbed that separates the high part of the island from the sand dune. In the past, the island was sometimes connected to the mainland right bank of the Dnieper.

Name

Location

The island is separated from the mainland by a channel - the Vyrva. Nearby, on the lands of the former Mennonist colony of Rosenthal, there is the Kantserovka ravine. One of the branches of the Verkhnyaya Khortitsa river flows through it. Two rocks along the right bank are also called Kantserovskie. Nearby rises the Rogozy (Rogozin) rock, near which redoubts were built during the Russian-Turkish War of 1736-1739. After the construction of the dam, the Dnieper became a little shallower. According to the stories of old-timers, before construction, Malaya Khortytsia was smaller than it is now: it was a rock with fortifications, from it to the right bank there was a “quiet water” (sand spit), which ended at the mouth of a gully opposite the island. This quiet water served as a pier for Cossack boats.