Notifications. History of the city of Volgograd and its renaming
For tourists
In Volgograd, the tourist infrastructure is improving every year, and the hero city hospitably opens its doors to its many guests. Tourists are attracted by the rich history of Volgograd and its picturesque location. In the historical part of the city, the pompous Soviet Empire style coexists quite peacefully with European-style cozy cafes and restaurants; it is green and comfortable here. The city is especially beautiful and solemn during the May holidays, when mass meetings and concerts take place here, and the magnificent fireworks display on May 9 is a favorite spectacle of the citizens and guests of Volgograd, many of whom come here at this time specifically to see how in the sky over the peaceful city and Lightning of the festive fireworks blooms along the great Russian river.
History of Volgograd
Almost four and a half centuries ago, the construction of Russian stronghold military outposts began in the Lower Volga region, and one of them was an island located near the Volga coast, which went down in history under the name Tsaritsyn. The fortress built on the island and the settlement that formed around it received the same name. After 10-15 years, Tsaritsyn was moved to the right bank of the Volga, where its coast formed a wedge with the bank of the Tsaritsa River, which perhaps gave its name to the city. According to another version, its name comes from the Turkic word “sary-chin”, which means “yellow island”. The founding date of the city is considered to be July 2, 1589.
Tsaritsyn was one of the links in the chain of Volga guards who provided protection of the river trade route from Nizhny Novgorod to Astrakhan. The city remembers the raids of the Tatars, who ravaged the land and took the population into slavery, the dramatic events of the Time of Troubles, popular uprisings led by Stepan Razin and Emelyan Pugachev, Cossack revolts and fires that more than once destroyed its wooden buildings.
But the city experienced its most turbulent times during the Great Patriotic War - at that time it was already called Stalingrad. On July 17, 1942, the heroic defense of Stalingrad began, which went down in world history as one of the epochal events of the Second World War. The battle ended on February 2, 1943 with the triumphant victory of the Soviet army - the encirclement and liquidation of a huge group of Nazi troops, but the ancient land was again devastated. Today's Volgograd is a modern city that has risen from the ruins, and by visiting it you will discover the most interesting pages of Russian history.
Sights of Volgograd
The main attractions of Volgograd are architectural monuments, sculptural compositions and museums related to the events of the Battle of Stalingrad, which are united in the colossal memorial complex “Battle of Stalingrad”, which has the status of a museum-reserve.
In Volgograd there are many Orthodox Christian shrines - monasteries, temples, monasteries, holy springs. They are of interest not only to pilgrims, but also to those who care about the history and culture of this land.
The ancient Mamayev Kurgan is a strategic height. At its top there were still guard patrols of the Horde, and during the Great Patriotic War it became the place for which the most fierce, irreconcilable battles were fought. Here, from a height of 102 meters, the city is in full view, and throughout the entire battle for Stalingrad, every meter of the mound became the arena of mortal combat. German troops were never able to completely capture Mamayev Kurgan - Soviet soldiers entrenched themselves on its eastern slopes, selflessly repelling enemy attacks.
Watered with the blood of tens of thousands of heroes, Mamayev Kurgan was chosen as the place where in 1959, under the leadership of the famous sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich, the construction of the grandiose memorial complex “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad” began. The exploits of Soviet soldiers who defended not only the legendary heights, but the entire city are captured here. Climbing to the top of the mound is akin to a ritual and makes an indelible impression on every visitor. It starts from the place where the architectural composition “Memory of Generations” is located, which is carved in stone images of people of all ages, young and old, carrying wreaths to lay them at the mass grave of soldiers whose remains rest in the ground of the mound.
Walking along the alley, along which there are capsules with soil brought from 12 hero cities of the Great Patriotic War, and further climbing the wide granite staircase, you will come out to the Alley of Pyramid Poplars. After going through it and going up another staircase again, you will find yourself in the Square of Those Who Fought to Death. Here is a sculpture of a soldier, one hand of which is clutching a machine gun, and the other - a grenade. Right behind him you can see the monument to the Motherland, which he seems to cover with his chest - it looks very symbolic.
Further, the road, fenced with fragments of walls in which figures of soldiers, images of weapons, texts of oaths are carved, leads higher and higher, from where the sounds of gunfire, explosions, and the drone of airplanes will reach you - this allows you to completely immerse yourself in the atmosphere of military Stalingrad. The memorial road leads to Heroes Square, in the middle of which there is a grandiose pool of water. On one of its sides there are six sculptural images that depict symbols of human courage shown during the Battle of Stalingrad.
Here, on the square, you will see the Hall of Military Glory, which is a place of memory and mourning for the dead. In its center is a marble hand clutching a torch in which the Eternal Flame blazes. Soldiers of the Honor Guard stand watch at the pedestal. Here it is customary to speak in a whisper, paying tribute to the dead. The Hall of Military Glory is open 24 hours a day.
Leaving the Hall, you will find yourself in the Square of Sorrow, where you can see a sculpture depicting the image of a mother mourning her son. The entire space surrounding this sculptural image is filled with water, symbolizing the tears shed by women whose sons, husbands, fathers and brothers died brave deaths. From the square there is a panorama of the picturesque corner where the Church of All Saints was erected, decorating the ensemble of the memorial and leaving behind only the main sculpture of Mamayev Kurgan - the legendary monument “The Motherland Calls!”, impressive in its grandeur.
Frozen in an inviting gesture, the Motherland is the personification of the fortitude and heroism of the Russian people, who managed to defend their country and freedom in the bloody battles of the Great Patriotic War. Beneath the monument is a huge necropolis where the remains of almost 35,000 people who died during the defense of Stalingrad are buried. Every year, thousands of people from all over the planet come to Volgograd to see one of the tallest statues in the world, whose dimensions exceed the dimensions of the Statue of Liberty in the USA and the statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro. Visitors certainly climb to the foot of the Motherland, to the very top of Mamayev Kurgan, from where a magnificent view of the great Russian river and the peaceful city opens.
Behind the “Motherland” sculpture there is a cozy miniature park where you can relax after the climb and comprehend what you have seen.
It is convenient to get to Mamayev Kurgan by trolleybus No. 8 or high-speed tram. Those who find it difficult to overcome the 200 steps leading to the top of the hill can travel by car. The road leads almost to the highest point.
The Panorama Museum is located near the Volgograd embankment and presents an impressive exhibition dedicated to the defense of Stalingrad. Along with the Mamayev Kurgan, it is part of the Battle of Stalingrad Museum-Reserve, but is a separate museum complex, which also includes Pavlov’s House, the ruins of the Gerhardt mill and a bayonet stele in honor of Soviet weapons. More than half a million people visit the panorama museum every year.
In the memorial complex, which has an unusual shape, on the first level there is a museum and a storage facility, and on the second level there is a circular artistic panorama entitled “The defeat of the Nazi troops at Stalingrad.”
Pavlov's house and Gerhardt's mill serve as symbols of fierce battles that affected the fate of all residents of Volgograd. These buildings, located in an almost closed ring of enemy troops, withstood 58 days of siege. It was decided not to restore the ruins of the mill, and today you can see that literally every square meter of the building’s outer walls was distorted by shells, bullets and shrapnel, and the reinforced concrete roof beams were broken by direct hits from aerial bombs.
Guests of Volgograd often mistake Gerhardt's Mill for Pavlov's house, but this monument is located across the road. The house itself was restored, and it became the first to rise from the ruins of buildings in the post-war city. The military feat of the soldiers who defended the building was immortalized in 1985, on the 40th anniversary of the Victory, by erecting a memorial wall from the original material from the time of the defense of the city, which preserves traces of bullets and shells. This ruin, adjacent to one of the walls of a residential building, is a living testimony of historical events, evoking a whole sea of emotions.
The former German colony of Sarepta-on-Volga is a historical oasis on the outskirts of Volgograd. This architectural ensemble in the Saxon Baroque style, which includes 26 buildings of the 18th-19th centuries, received the status of a museum-reserve in 1989, which was called “Old Sarepta”. The colony was founded by German Herrnhuter colonists who arrived in the Lower Volga region at the invitation of Catherine II, a German by birth. On September 14, 1765, 50 Herrnhuters, followers of the reform ideas of Jan Hus, led by their headman Daniel Fick, founded the village of Sarepta outside the city limits of Tsaritsyn.
The colonists were granted privileges: they were exempt from taxation for 30 years, except for excise duties, and were free from recruitment into the army. They were given the most fertile lands, allowed their own administration of the colony and legal proceedings, and were given freedom of distillation.
10 years after the formation of the colony, 196 people already lived in Sarepta, and it looked not like a village, but like a fortress town. It was surrounded on three sides by a deep ditch, and the city of Tsaritsyn allocated 12 cannons to the garrison guarding it, consisting of 20 soldiers.
In the 18th-19th centuries, Sarepta was the economic, spiritual, scientific and cultural center of the South of Russia. The colonists became the locomotive of development of the region: they were the first in these parts to begin growing mustard, tobacco, potatoes, which the locals called “devil's apple,” and built the first mustard and oil press plant in Russia. It was in Sarepta that the first water supply system in the Volga region, a museum, a public library, and a kindergarten appeared. Colonist scientists achieved major successes in medicine, chemistry, physics, industrial technology, and the development of new varieties of cultivated plants.
Today, permanent exhibitions of the Old Sarepta Museum-Reserve introduce visitors to the history of the colony, and interactive programs and quests allow guests to make this acquaintance in an entertaining, dynamic way. Here guests can make their own mustard oil, create dishes according to ancient recipes and even find treasures. The incredibly hospitable, professional and creative museum staff offers visitors excursions that accompany theatrical scenes. There are also quest rooms for the most courageous and erudite: “The Alchemist’s Dungeon” and “Forgotten Territory”.
Tourists have at their disposal the museum’s own cozy hotel and a cafe with traditional Sarepta cuisine, as well as the largest German library in the region.
The local functioning church has the only organ in the region with live sound, which you can listen to on one of the weekends when a service is held.
On the territory of the museum there is a symbolic sculpture of balance and harmony - Equilibrio. It is a 6-meter stele made of roughly hewn granite blocks stacked on top of each other and resembles the most ancient megalithic monuments of human civilization. The sculpture is a gift to Volgograd from its sister city Cologne. It is part of a grandiose symbolic composition created from five similar elements. In addition to Volgograd, they are installed in four European cities: Cologne (Germany), Santia (Spain, island of Majorca), Cork (Ireland), Trondheim (Norway). Connected by straight lines, these points on the map of Europe visually form a huge cross.
The museum's opening hours are from 9:00 to 17:30, the ticket office is open until 17:00. Day off is Monday. A self-guided tour of the museum will cost 200 rubles. For pensioners and students, the cost is reduced to 160 rubles, for children – to 120 rubles. Excursions accompanied by a guide will cost 240, 200 and 160 rubles respectively. You can invite an individual guide for a small company or family, then you will have to pay 480 rubles per person. Excursions for foreign citizens with translation will cost from 320 to 960 rubles.
Kazan Cathedral
The Kazan Cathedral is located on Yeletskaya Street, not far from the embankment of the Volozhka-Kurapatka River, one of the branches of the Volga. It was built in the 90s of the 19th century on a place that offered the most beautiful view of Volgograd. In 1899, the church was consecrated, and in 1954 it was elevated to the rank of a cathedral. This Orthodox church belongs to the Volgograd and Kamyshin diocese, and it is within its walls that all the most significant religious events in the region take place.
After the revolution, the temple managed to avoid the fate of most religious shrines, and services continued to be held there until 1939. True, most of the church’s valuables were requisitioned. Shortly before the war, the temple was closed, and a bakery was located within its walls.
During the defense of Stalingrad, in the building of the Kazan Cathedral, the Germans held prayer services several times in honor of their weapons, but the service was performed by priests who arrived from Germany. The Volgograd clergy showed fortitude, and some of them were even nominated for awards. The temple was significantly damaged by air raids, but during restoration in 1946 every effort was made to return it to its original appearance. Services began to be held here again. In the 50s, the walls and vaults of the cathedral were painted.
The last reconstruction here was carried out in 2010. The cathedral was not only repaired, but also its original appearance was completely recreated, decorating the roof with hipped domes.
Believers from all over the country come to Volgograd to touch the shrines stored in the Kazan Cathedral - icons of Saints Alexander Nevsky, Nicholas of Myra and Luke of Crimea with particles of holy relics. In addition, guests of the city are attracted by the architecture of the cathedral itself - eclectic, characteristic of Tsaritsyn in the 19th century. The decoration of the cathedral elements is made in pseudo-Russian style.
Church of St. John the Baptist
St. John the Baptist Church is located near the River Port and is a copy of the very first church in the city. The original temple was wooden and was located on Tsaritsyn Island, but it burned down. In 1615, the wooden church was restored, and in 1664 it was rebuilt into a stone one. It became the first stone structure in Tsaritsyn. Local historians suggest that Stepan Razin was baptized here.
In 1922, the relics and other valuables of the temple were requisitioned, and in 1932 it was closed and soon blown up. During the defense of Stalingrad, the Germans strengthened the remaining foundation of the cathedral, turning it into a fortified pillbox, which helped them hold this piece of land for a long time during the advance of Soviet troops.
The restoration of the church began in 1995 with the consecration of a new site for its construction, 100 m away from the old foundation. The work lasted about five years, and in 2001 the first liturgy took place here.
It’s convenient to start a walk along the Volgograd embankment with a tour of St. John the Baptist Church. It is also worth visiting the monument to Saints Peter and Fevronia, located near the cathedral.
Central embankment of Volgograd
In the 30s of the last century, the Stalingrad embankment was considered the most beautiful city embankment in the Volga region, but during the defense of Stalingrad it was destroyed. In 1952, the embankment was restored, and subsequently began to bear the name of the 62nd Army, which defended the northern part of the city from German troops. The symbol of the embankment is the central staircase with eight-column propylaea. The terrace, colonnade, and rotunda that adorn the coastal strip were restored according to pre-revolutionary designs.
While walking along the Volgograd embankment, you can admire the fountain with three muses, bearing the name “Art”, examine the architectural monument of the 19th century - the building of the first Tsaritsyn water pumping station, see a veteran of the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars - the armored boat "Gasitel", which today is a monument to the Volga river sailors .
The Volgograd river station is known for being the largest not only in Russia, but throughout Europe. It began to be built in the 70s of the last century, and was completed in the 90s. True, today most of the station area is not used for its intended purpose. Now there are cafes, nightclubs, shops and offices. On the territory of the station there is a concert hall that seats almost a thousand people, with a Rieger-Kloss organ (1983).
Pleasure boats regularly depart from the river berths: during the day excursion you can admire the picturesque views of the outskirts of Volgograd, and in the evenings you can dance at the disco right on the deck. Here you can also use the services of private owners who transport those who wish to the opposite bank of the Volga on boats, speedboats, and jet skis.
Camping
Volgograd is rightly called a southern city. The weather here is warm most of the year - the summer season lasts until October. Then it gradually gets colder, but even in the coldest month, February, the temperature rarely drops below -7 °C. By April, warm weather sets in here again. The hottest month is July. At this time of year, the air temperature sometimes rises to +40 °C.
Volgograd has many wonderful beaches. The resort area with landscaped territory is located on the left bank of the Volga. The most popular among the right-bank beaches is the beach near the Europa City Mall shopping center. Here, for those who like to spend time near the water, there are umbrellas, showers, awnings that provide shade, volleyball courts, inflatable slides, cafes, and parking lots.
Not far from Volgograd, at the confluence of the Volga and the Akhtuba River, there is excellent fishing: if you are lucky, your catch can be quite large pike and bream. Pike perch, catfish, and carp are also found in these waters.
Cafes and restaurants
Most of the establishments where you can eat deliciously and comfortably are located in the center of Volgograd. Here you can find traditional Russian, Caucasian restaurants, Italian pizzerias and Japanese sushi bars. Beer lovers can visit an Irish pub or a German brewery restaurant.
The restobar with the original name “Mama Mink Papa Beaver” is popular among tourists. It attracts not so much with its gastronomic delights as with its aesthetic atmosphere: it has an authentic interior and an interesting musical program. Among the dishes, choose signature pizza and grilled dishes.
A quick and tasty snack in Volgograd is inexpensive - from 500 rubles. A full lunch in a mid-range restaurant will cost 1000-1500 rubles.
Transport
In Volgograd it is convenient to travel on a unique form of transport that has no analogues in Russia - the metrotram. This high-speed tram rushes along a line that passes underground for a certain part of its route.
All areas of the city are connected by the city train, which is also very convenient. Citizens and tourists willingly move around Volgograd by minibuses - the driver always stops where he is asked.
Where to stay
Many tourist centers have been built on the territory of Volgograd. The infrastructure of most of them includes comfortable cozy houses, restaurants and cafes, saunas, gazebos by the water, outdoor swimming pools, and sports grounds. If you like to relax in nature with fishing, barbecue, swimming in the river and horse riding, expect to pay from 1,500 to 65,000 rubles per day (depending on the comfort of your stay, the level of service and the distance of the camp site from the city center).
The city has about 30 three-star and two-star hotels, as well as guest houses and hostels for budget holidays. A room in a three-star hotel will cost from 2,500 rubles/day. Some two-star hotels offer rooms from 1,500 rubles/day. A night in a hostel – from 500 rubles.
There is a five-star hotel in the very center of Volgograd. This hotel, built in the Stalinist Empire style, is very popular among tourists due to its convenient location, comfortable rooms, luxurious interior and good service. Accommodation here will cost from 3,630 rubles/day. Breakfast and Wi-Fi are included in the price.
Approximately the same minimum amount will be required to pay for accommodation at the newly built Hilton Garden Inn Volgograd hotel. It will take just a few minutes to get from here to the main attraction of the city, Mamayev Kurgan, by car.
Tourists and business people highly praise the Yuzhny Apart Hotel, also located in the center of Volgograd. Here you can stay in cozy rooms equipped like an expensive modern apartment. Guests have access to a kitchen with a bar counter, good appliances, and excellent furniture. You can stay with your pet, but you will only have to smoke in designated areas, for example, in a bar. Accommodation price – from 4255 rubles.
How to get there
There are two bus stations in Volgograd, from where buses run regularly to all cities of the Volga region and nearby settlements in the southern region of Russia. It is convenient to get from Moscow to Volgograd by bus. It is cheaper and sometimes faster than by train (approximately 15 hours). A trip in a comfortable air-conditioned bus will cost from 2,000 rubles.
Volgograd is located far from busy railway lines, so passengers have limited choice of flights. Only long-distance trains depart from Volgograd-1 station.
In the village of Gumrak there is Volgograd International Airport (direct communication with Yekaterinburg, Sochi, Saratov, Simferopol). Flights here from Moscow are made from three capital airports - Sheremetyevo, Vnukovo, Domodedovo. Ticket price starts from 5,900 rubles. The flight takes about 1 hour 40 minutes to 2 hours.
In a city located on the banks of a great river, there are, of course, unlimited possibilities for water communication. From here, along the waterway you can get not only to the southern and northern borders of the country, but also to Europe.
The city, which played a large significant role in the history of Russia, today is a metropolis with a population of more than a million people. This article will help you take an excursion into the history of the city and answer the question of what Volgograd used to be called. During the entire history of its existence, it changed its name twice.
How Volgograd came to be
What was the name of the city before and how did it develop? It was founded at the end of the 16th century, but many researchers believe that the settlement existed a long time ago, even during the time of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Along with Samara and Saratov, the city of Tsaritsyn was founded as a fortress by a garrison of military Cossacks and the local governor Grigory Zasekin at the behest of Ivan the Terrible after the conquest of the Astrakhan kingdom. There was active trade in the region with the Caspian territories, so there was an urgent need to ensure the safety of merchants carrying money and goods across from the raids of nomads. The fortress was guarded by archers on duty around the clock, who raised the garrison from the watchtowers upon an alarm signal.
City development
What was Volgograd called before, before 1925? Until that time he was called Tsaritsyn. The city began to develop rapidly, moving to the right bank of the great Russian Volga River after the final victory over the wild hordes. Its inhabitants were distinguished by their liveliness and enterprise, therefore, from a paramilitary settlement on the outskirts of the state, Tsaritsyn quickly took on the guise of a merchant city. But in subsequent centuries of its history, Tsaritsyn was often called “Ponizovaya freemen” by the people, since fugitive slaves and peasants from all over Rus' gathered in the Lower Volga. History has preserved the names of famous heroic fighters for the free life of the people - Stepan Razin, Kondraty Bulavin, Emelyan Pugachev.
How did Volgograd get its name?
Not everyone knows what the city was called before and what the history of each of its names is. Those who are not good at history are sure that Tsaritsyn was named in honor of Empress Catherine the Great. This is an incorrect assumption, although it is to her that he owes the transformation from a narrow military settlement into a rapidly developing city. And the name arose thanks to the small river Tsaritsa, from which only a few springs remained. But five centuries ago the river bed was full, and it rather rapidly carried its clayey waters to the Volga. Because of its color, the Mongol-Tatars began to call the river Sary-Su, which means “yellow water.” Later, this name began to be perceived by ear as the Queen, hence the first name of the city.
The earliest mentions of the Tsaritsyn fortress date back to therefore, since then this date has been considered official, and it is from here that Volgograd traces its history. Now you know what this city was called before and where the first name came from.
Early 20th century
During the Civil War, the city found itself at the junction of battles between the Red and White Guards, who captured the city and dealt very cruelly with the Red soldiers who were captured - they were hacked to pieces with sabers. Great damage was caused to the city: residential and cultural buildings were razed to the ground, water supply and sewerage systems, as well as a power plant, were disabled, and industrial enterprises were almost destroyed. This was followed by the restoration of the city. First, the industry giants launched: metallurgical, sawmill, and wood processing plants, then they set up lines for hosiery and clothing factories, built and launched food industry enterprises.
Second title
What was the former name of Volgograd (1925-1961)? In 1925, the city of Tsaritsyn changed its name to Stalingrad. Of course, this renaming is associated with I.V. Stalin, who since 1922 was the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. By this time, the city had 112 thousand people, it ranked nineteenth in terms of population among Russian cities. Two years later the population was already 140 thousand, which served as an impetus for large-scale housing construction.
Subsequently, the city, like the whole country as a whole, developed towards industrialization. The country's first tractor plant was built, and the Red October metallurgical plant began producing high-quality steel.
War
But the outbreak of war knocked the ground out from under our feet and subjugated everything. From its first days, Stalingrad turned into the largest arsenal in southeast Russia. The factories continuously produced and repaired tanks, ships, and machine guns. A militia division and eight battalions were formed on the territory of the city. Defensive construction reached a huge scale. Railway lines were built, which played a huge role in supplying troops. Since 1942, Stalingrad has repelled regular enemy air raids by local air defense forces.
The city worked and fought in spite of the fascist invaders, thwarting Hitler's plans. The enemy command sent its selected forces to Stalingrad. If they managed to defeat the main shock concentration of troops, this would significantly change the course of the battles. But Stalingrad stubbornly resisted the onslaught, its heroic resistance allowed the Soviet troops to launch a decisive offensive. Having defeated the enemy, the Soviet army created the conditions for the course of the entire war. At the Stalingrad line, the enemy was not only stopped, but also crushed physically and morally.
Memorial Complex
The legendary Battle of Stalingrad was left behind, turning the city into ruins. In memory of this battle, a famous memorial complex was erected on Mamayev Kurgan with the world famous monument “The Motherland Calls!”, which became a symbol of the city. It took nine years to build, its height is 55 meters, its weight is 8000 tons, the complex is part of the Monument is visible from all over the city.
What was Volgograd called before? Until 1961, it bore the proud name of Stalingrad, but, despite the historical significance of the name, the country's authorities decided to rename the city, giving it a third name - Volgograd, due to its geographical location. According to historians, this idea was put forward in order to combat Stalin’s personality cult.
So you have become acquainted with a brief history of the city and now you can answer any question about what the city of Volgograd used to be called.
For years, debates have raged about whether cities should return their old names, which they received in Soviet times or before the revolution. Many cities in Russia have several names; a special place among them is occupied by the hero city, regional center and million-plus city Volgograd.
How many times was Volgograd renamed?
Volgograd was renamed twice. This city was founded in 1589 and was first called Tsaritsyn because it was originally located on an island on the Tsarina River. Local peoples in Turkic called this river “Sary-su” - “yellow water”; the name of the city goes back to the Turkic “Sary-sin”, which means “yellow island”.
At first it was a small border military town, which often repelled raids by nomads and rebel troops. However, Tsaritsyn subsequently became an industrial center.
In 1925, Tsaritsyn was renamed for the first time in honor of Stalin to Stalingrad. During the Civil War, Stalin was chairman of the Military Council of the North Caucasus Military District. He led the defense of Tsaritsyn from the Don Army of Ataman Krasnov.
In 1961, the city was renamed for the second time. From Stalingrad it turned into Volgograd. This happened just during the debunking of the “cult of Stalin’s personality.”
Who and when wanted to return the old names to the city?
Disputes about renaming Volgograd back to Stalingrad or Tsaritsyn have been going on for a long time. This issue has been discussed several times in the media. Communists usually advocate returning the name Stalingrad to the city. In addition to the communists, for some reason residents of St. Petersburg collected signatures in support of this initiative, which surprised the Volgograd residents themselves. Another part of the residents periodically asks to return the pre-revolutionary name of Tsaritsyn to Volgograd.
However, many citizens do not support the initiative to rename the city. For 50 years they have become quite accustomed to the name Volgograd and would not want to change anything.
Have the authorities really decided that Volgograd will be called Stalingrad?
Yes, but, paradoxically, the city will be called Stalingrad for only a few days a year.
February 2 - the day of the defeat of the Nazi troops in the Battle of Stalingrad, May 9 - Victory Day, June 22 - the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow, September 2 - the Day of the end of World War II, August 23 - the Day of Remembrance of the victims of the massive bombing of Stalingrad fascist German aviation and November 19 - the Day of the beginning of the defeat of fascist troops at Stalingrad.
The name “hero city of Stalingrad” will be used at citywide public events. The rest of the year the city will remain Volgograd.
Deputies of the Volgograd City Duma made this decision on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad. According to deputies, the document on the use of the name “hero city of Stalingrad” on memorable days was adopted on the basis of numerous appeals from veterans.
(in the Middle Volga) and Khazaria (on the Volgodonsk interfluve and the lower Volga). The role of sales agents was played by Varangians and Arab merchants.In 1579, the English traveler Christopher Barrow noted:
This entry is one of the earliest to mention the name “Tsaritsyn,” which later became attached to the city.
The origin of the word “Queen” is most likely connected with the Turkic word “sary-su” (“yellow, muddy water”), reinterpreted by sound similarity into “Queen” (“sary-su” is a common noun for rivers in Kazakhstan flowing along clayey steppes, which is why their water is cloudy yellowish). The name of the city and the island on which it was founded apparently arose from the Turkic word “sary-chin” (“yellow island”). It is possible that the name Tsaritsyn arose from the name of the Tsaritsa River (in travel notes and diaries of the 16th-17th centuries, some foreign travelers call the city itself the Tsaritsa).
July 2, 1589 is considered to be the founding day of the city of Tsaritsyn (then still on the island). “Fortress on Perevolok” was first mentioned in the royal charter. Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich sends her to the Volga-Don region to the governors Grigory Zasekin, Roman Olferov and Ivan Nashchekin.
In 1592, Ataman Nikita Boldyr was sent from Tsaritsyn to Medveditsa “for the thieving Cossacks, and he actually caught the Cossack thieves, four people, on Medveditsa, and brought them to Tsaritsyn.”
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In the summer-autumn of 1918 Tsaritsyn defended himself from the army of Ataman Krasnov, thereby inscribing his lines in the chronicle of the Civil War. The city survived, but a year later, on June 30, 1919, after two weeks of fighting, it fell under the blows of General Wrangel’s Caucasian Army. On the evening of July 2, the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, Denikin, arrived in the city; on the morning of July 3, he received a parade of troops, after which he announced the directive signed that day on the attack on Moscow. This directive went down in history under the name “Moscow”. The operation to capture the city made the identity of General Wrangel as the “hero of Tsaritsyn” very popular in the White Army. The Soviets regained control of the city on January 3, 1920.
In Stalingrad, in a surprisingly short time, the State District Power Plant (1929), the Stalingrad Tractor Plant (1930), the Shipyard (1931), and the Hardware Plant (1932) were built. Already existing factories were included in the Stalingrad tractor-tank cluster: “Red October” produced structural, armor and weapons grades of steel, “Barricades” made guns, the Hardware Plant made large parts, the Tractor Plant assembled tractors and tanks, and the Stalingrad State District Power Plant provided electricity. To train engineers and workers, the Stalingrad Tractor Institute (1930) and numerous technical training institutions were created. Two more similar clusters were deployed on the basis of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant and the Kharkov Tractor Plant. From the Tractor Plant in the north to the Shipyard in the south of Stalingrad, railway lines were expanded...
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The result of the second half of December 1942 was the fact of the superiority of the Soviet army in winter conditions, plans to save the encircled 6th Army of the Nazis became unrealistic...
January 26, 1959 - The Stalingrad Aluminum Plant (now the Volgograd Aluminum Plant) gave the country its first products.
December 31, 1960 - the first trolleybus appeared in the city. April 4, 1960 - The millionth tractor (in 15-horsepower terms) rolled off the main assembly line of the tractor plant.
September 1961 - opening of Children's Somatic Hospital No. 8 (now Children's Clinical Hospital No. 8).
November 10, 1961 - The CPSU Central Committee decided to rename Stalingrad to Volgograd “at the request of the workers.”
May 1963 - Fidel Castro visited the city.
December 27, 1963 - The Volgograd Motor Plant came into operation.
December 30, 1964 - the Volgograd Carbon Black Plant (now the Volgograd Carbon Black Plant) came into operation.
May 8, 1965 - Volgograd was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal as a “Hero City”.
1967 - the first students entered the classrooms of the Higher Investigative School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (now the Volgograd Law Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia).
May 4, 1968 - the title “Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd” was established.
From the history of Volgograd - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0 %BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0
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Photo from Maria... and also a memory
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sailor shirt, people, Photos of Maria Ulyanova (Shalaeva, Photos about people, photos from the Internet, retro, vest, Retro photo, photos of my friends
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*** ***Photos in the album “Photos of Maria Ulyanova (Shalaeva)”
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It started with a vest,
The life that mother and father gave.
Fate rocked at sea,
When they tried on the crown.
...In the distant year forty-three,
They went into battle in vests -
For the Motherland, the fatherland, for that,
So that the grandchildren walk peacefully along the path to the Kurgan.
Bullets flew, there were wounds, fights
They really wanted to live...
And there was a Song! It was played by nightingales.
Their naval youth overcame everything.
A sprout has appeared in my life.
On weekdays of military deprivation,
They looked with me, from west to east.
We did the best we could to win! For generations...
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Retro photo, photo about people,
Photos of Maria Ulyanova (Shalaeva), photos from the Internet, people, retro, about a person, person, retro, memory,
photos of my friends
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Volgograd is a city in the southeast of the European part of Russia, the administrative center of the Volgograd region. Hero City, site of the Battle of Stalingrad. On July 12, 2009, the city celebrates the 420th anniversary of its founding.
In 1961, the hero city from Stalingrad was renamed Volgogra.
In 2005, by the Law of the Volgograd Region, Volgograd was granted the status of an urban district. City Day is celebrated annually on the second Sunday of September.
Modern Volgograd covers an area of 56.5 thousand hectares. This territory is divided into 8 administrative districts: Traktorozavodsky, Krasnooktyabrsky, Central, Dzerzhinsky, Voroshilovsky, Sovetsky, Kirovsky and Krasnoarmeysky and several workers' villages. According to the 2002 All-Russian Census, the city's population is just over 1 million people.
The city is a major industrial center. There are more than 160 large and medium-sized industrial enterprises serving such industries as electric power, fuel industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical industries, mechanical engineering and metalworking, military-industrial complex, forestry, light and food industries.
The Volga-Don Shipping Canal passes through the city, making Volgograd a port of five seas.
The city has a developed infrastructure, which includes about 500 educational institutions, 102 medical institutions and 40 cultural organizations, etc.
The city has 11 stadiums, 250 halls, 260 facilities adapted for physical education and sports, 15 swimming pools, 114 sports grounds, football fields, and a football and athletics arena.
The material was prepared based on information from open sources
