Turkish crescent with star. Coat of arms and flag of Turkey

Form- rectangular

Structure- Star and crescent on a red background

Proportion- 2 to 3

Colors- Red White

National flag of Turkey

National flag of the Turkish Republic It is a rectangular panel with an aspect ratio of 2 to 3.

On the red background of the flag there is a white crescent and a white five-pointed star.

Flag meaning

The colors and images on the Turkish flag mean the following:

Red color is a symbol of the Ottoman Empire

Star and crescent - symbol of Islam

History of the flag

The red color of the Turkish flag was first used by ruler Umar, who ruled the Arab Caliphate in 634-644. Since the 14th century, red has become a symbol of the Ottoman Empire.

Initially, the star on the Turkish flag was inside a crescent, which is incorrect from an astronomical point of view. At the beginning of the 20th century, the star was moved beyond the crescent, however, even now it is depicted on the flag in a manner inconsistent with the laws of astronomy.

Some sources believe that the crescent first appeared on Turkish flags in the mid-15th century, others claim that it was taken from the emblem of Constantinople. It is also believed that the image of a crescent moon with a star is considered the horoscope of Sultan Osman.

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National flag of Turkey. Brief description and characteristics of the flag of Turkey

Description of the flag of Turkey

The flag of Turkey is a red panel, on which a white crescent and a white five-pointed star are placed, located in the middle of the flag, offset to the pole.

Red is the traditional color of Islam, and the same color was used by the Ottoman Empire, which formerly included Turkey, until its collapse in 1918. The crescent and star are ancient symbols of Islam and they are considered symbols of good luck. Red is also an important color in Turkish history, and the crescent and star, although symbols of Islam, were used in Asia Minor even before the advent of Islam.

A Brief History of the Turkish Flag

In its modern form, the flag of Turkey has been used since 1844, but it was officially approved only on June 5, 1936.

Initially, the flag was a green panel with a crescent, but its design changed in 1793, when Sultan Selim III changed the color of the panel to red. Then, in 1844, a star was added to the flag. As is the case with many other old flags, there are also many legends surrounding the Turkish flag regarding its history and creation.

Each state has established its own official symbols either by constitution or by special law. This anthem, coat of arms and ensign are covered, as a rule, with legends and stories. The symbols of the state are respected not just through an official formal system. This includes national monuments, including culture.

Prapor and coat of arms of Tureccini

Symbolism gives first indications about the power, about those values ​​​​that are being achieved. An Islamic land like Turechchyna does not have a legally certified sovereign emblem like this. If you replace this in many installations, you can add a new official emblem. It looks like a red oval with images in the middle of it vertically oriented in a circle and a mirror. Similar symbols are applied to yourself and the ensign of Turechchini. In addition, on the upper edge of the oval the official name of the state is written in emblems. This symbolism - the star and the stamp - can be found on the foreign passport of the citizens of Turecchini.

In 1925, the Ministry of Illumination of this Country announced a competition for the best baby for the national coat of arms. Move to a new project, on which there were images of vertical stars and interchanges, and below the expanded silhouette of a fork, which represents the “Turkic national symbol.” However, regardless of the official appearance, this version of the coat of arms, like all others, does not add official status.

The significance of this story

The ensign of Turecchini is a white combination with a pentacut mirror on a red ensign. This bright color of the fabric, apparently, came from the ruler of the Arab Caliphate Umar, who was the conqueror of Egypt, Palestine and Mesopotamia. Since the fourteenth century, the red coin symbolized the Ottoman Empire. The star and the circle have always been respected as symbols of the Islam preached by the Turkish Republic. And they do not care about the fact that the legislator of religion here is separated from the state, and the principle of freedom of religion.

Uncertainty

It’s good that the star was completely retouched in the middle of the month. In this case, from the point of view of astronomers, there were incorrect decisions, the fragments of the mirror in such a situation were covered by a month, or rather by an invisible part. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, thanks to the help of astronomers, ensign Turecchini, pictures of which have become immutable, having been slightly adjusted. The zirka was still charged for the interim penalty.

However, in today's version they know that, from the point of view of astronomy, there is a lack of consistency. The sign on the sign does not represent that phase of the Moon, which people can observe every month of the Earth, but it is obscured by an inconspicuous object of a round shape.

Walking of the little ones

Some historians confirm that the intercession, which has always traditionally respected the symbol of Islam, appeared on the Turkish flag in the middle of the fifteenth century immediately after the possible battle near the Kosovo field.

Others seem to be in favor of the emblems of Constantinople buried in 1453. The third assertion is that the images of the star of Jupiter with the moon are signs of the horoscope of Sultan Usman, who ruled at the end of the thirteenth - the beginning of the fourteenth century. These symbols were respected as symbols of the dynasty of the reigning family.

There is another legend about their adventure. It dates back to the distant fourth centuries BC, when the military father of the famous Alexander the Great - commander Philip - laid siege to the ancient city of Byzantium, near Istanbul. The extermination was long and bloody. Residents repaired the foundation with utmost sincerity, and lost a lot of their lives in the fight for their freedom. And then the enemy, having risen late at night, will dig under this impregnable fortress.

Prote raptovo because of the black gloom, having closed the month and the dawn in charge of him.

There is a light richness of gas in the pools of blood spilled under the city walls. The watchmen marked the gates and raised the alarm. Philip's soldiers had to enter at great expense, and the place was liberated. And as a memory of this idea, and at the same time as a symbol of freedom, it clearly became the emblem of Byzantium. More than an hour later, already in 1453, the horde of the Turkish Sultan destroyed almost the entire Roman Empire. The emblem was transferred to the banner of the war, and from then on, the ensign of Turecchini became a red banner with a banner and a mirror.

Blakitny ensign

When planning a refurbishment on the birch of the sea, there are a lot of people who are aware of the presence of the “Blakytny Ensign”. Since 1987, the international city's award has been generously awarded to these cleaned beaches, whose water meets cleanliness standards, and therefore is safe for swimming. This nomination is managed by the Foundation for Ecological Light - FEE. More than sixty powers participate in this program. The Turechchyna region was not left out. “Blakytny Ensign” torik lives in third position among the countries, due to maritime tourism. 389 beaches, which is thirty-two more, lower profile, FEE values ​​​​according to as many as twenty-nine criteria.

In addition, Turechchyna is located in the same place for the number of “Blakytnye ensigns” assigned to its marinas.

Flag of Turkey · Flags of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires · Similar flags · Related articles · Notes ·

The red color of the Turkish flag originates from Umar, the ruler of the Arab Caliphate in 634-644 and the conqueror of Palestine, Egypt and Mesopotamia. In the XIV century. red became the color of the Ottoman Empire. A crescent with a star is a symbol of Islam.

It is noteworthy that initially the star was located inside the month, which is incorrect from the point of view of astronomy (the star in this case was covered by the invisible part of the Moon), therefore at the beginning of the 20th century, according to the requirements of astronomers, it was moved outside the month. Although even today the flag contains some astronomical inconsistency - the “crescent” does not represent the phase of the Moon (which we can observe from the Earth every month), but the eclipse of the Moon by an unknown object (in size and position of the orbit - not the Earth) of a round shape (which is unnatural for asteroids ). In a word, such a Moon cannot now be observed from Earth and could not be observed for thousands of years earlier.

Some sources indicate that the crescent, considered a traditional symbol of Islam, appeared on Turkish flags in the mid-15th century. after the victorious battle of Kosovo, others clarify that it was borrowed from the emblem of Constantinople (now Istanbul) taken in 1453, others recall that the image of a crescent with the star of Jupiter was considered the horoscope of Sultan Osman (ruled in the late 13th - early 14th centuries. ), was the family emblem of his dynasty.

True, stars appeared on Turkish flags only at the beginning of the 19th century, when they were seven- and eight-pointed. The five-pointed star appeared in 1844.

For a long time, the sacred green color of the Prophet Muhammad prevailed on Turkish flags; only in 1793 did Sultan Selim III order the red color to be legalized.

By the time of its collapse in 1918, the Ottoman Empire had a flag on the red panel of which the sacred image of a white crescent and a five-pointed star was repeated three times. In 1923, the flag of the Turkish Republic was established, which still exists today. On May 29, 1936, it was officially approved in a ratio of 3:2.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the coat of arms of Turkey featured, against the background of military trophies, a shield with a golden month in a green field. The shield was crowned with the Sultan's turban. Decades have passed, Türkiye has become a secular republican state, and the sultans are a thing of the past in this country. Nowadays, both the coat of arms and the flag of this power have the same design - a white crescent with a star on a red field.

There are many legends about the origin of these symbols. One of them is connected with the distant year 339 BC, when the troops of Philip of Macedon, the father of the famous commander Alexander, surrounded the city of Byzantium, as Istanbul was called in ancient times. The siege was long and bloody, the inhabitants desperately resisted, many people died in the struggle for freedom. Then the enemy decided to dig under the impregnable fortress at night. But suddenly, from behind the heavy clouds, a moon shone and a star next to it, repeatedly reflected in the pools of blood near the city walls. The watchmen on the towers noticed the enemy and raised the alarm. Philip's soldiers retreated with heavy losses, and the city was saved. In memory of this event and as a symbol of freedom from invaders, the crescent with a star became the emblem of Byzantium. Centuries later, in 1453, the hordes of the Turkish Sultan captured the city, and then the entire Eastern Roman Empire. The emblem was transferred to the banner of the winners, and since then the crescent with a star has been emblazoned on the Turkish flag.

In the Republic of Turkey there is no officially approved state emblem. Instead of a coat of arms, many government agencies in Turkey use a semi-official emblem- a red oval, which depicts a vertically oriented crescent and star, similar to those depicted on the national flag of the country, and the official name of the country in Turkish located along the upper edge of the oval. The cover of the Turkish foreign passport depicts a star and crescent, as on the national flag of the country.

In 1925, the Ministry of Education of Turkey (MaarifVekaleti, now Eğ itimBakanl ığı) a competition was organized for the best design of the national coat of arms. The winning project was submitted by Namyk Ismail Bey, with the image of a vertical star and crescent and the silhouette of a wolf located below as a “Turkic national symbol.” However, it never acquired official status.

Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire

The red color of the Turkish flag originates from Umar, ruler of the Arab Caliphate in 634-644 and conqueror of Palestine, Egypt and Mesopotamia. INXIV V. red became the color of the Ottoman Empire. A crescent with a star is a symbol of Islam.

It is noteworthy that initially the star was inside the month, which is incorrect from the point of view of astronomy (the star in this case was covered by the invisible part of the Moon), therefore at the beginningXX century, according to the requirements of astronomers, it was moved beyond the month.

Some sources indicate that the crescent, considered a traditional symbol of Islam, appeared on Turkish flags in the middleXV V. after the victorious battle of Kosovo, others clarify that it was borrowed from the emblem of Constantinople (now Istanbul) taken in 1453, others recall that the image of a crescent with the star of Jupiter was considered the horoscope of Sultan Osman (reigned at the end XIII - early XIV centuries), was the family emblem of his dynasty.

True, stars appeared on Turkish flags only at the beginningXIX c., then they were seven- and eight-pointed. The five-pointed star appeared in 1844. For a long time, the sacred green color of the Prophet Muhammad prevailed on Turkish flags, only in 1793 Sultan Selim III ordered to legitimize the color red.

By the time of its collapse in 1918, the Ottoman Empire had a flag on the red panel of which the sacred image of a white crescent and a five-pointed star was repeated three times. In 1923, the flag of the Turkish Republic was established, which still exists today. On May 29, 1936, it was officially approved in a ratio of 3:2.

Before the beginning XX century, on the coat of arms of Turkey there was, against the background of military trophies, a shield with a golden month in a green field. The shield was crowned with the Sultan's turban. Decades have passed, Türkiye has become a democratic state, the sultans are a thing of the past in this country. Nowadays, both the coat of arms and the flag of this power have the same design - a golden crescent with a star on a red field. There are many legends about the origin of these symbols. One of them is associated with the distant year 339 BC. e., when the troops of Philip of Macedon, the father of the famous commander Alexander, surrounded the city of Byzantium, as Istanbul was called in ancient times. The siege was long and bloody, the inhabitants desperately resisted, many people died in the struggle for freedom. Then the enemy decided to dig under the impregnable fortress at night. But suddenly, from behind the heavy clouds, a moon shone and a star next to it, repeatedly reflected in the pools of blood near the city walls. The watchmen on the towers noticed the enemy and raised the alarm. Philip's soldiers retreated with heavy losses, and the city was saved. In memory of this event and as a symbol of freedom from invaders, the crescent with a star became the emblem of Byzantium. Centuries later, in 1453, the hordes of the Turkish Sultan captured the city, and then the entire Eastern Roman Empire. The emblem was transferred to the banner of the winners, and since then the crescent with a star has been emblazoned on the Turkish flag.

Turks, proud of their nationality and homeland, also love and revere their flag. As soon as there is a holiday, they unanimously pull out their own home state flag of various sizes from the closets and hang it on the balconies or directly from the windows. So, if you come to Turkey and see such “decor” of houses, rest assured that the country is celebrating something now. :)So recently, our upstairs neighbor (it turns out, an ex-Turkish basketball star) twice asked us for permission to hang his 10-meter one!! flag for Independence Day - I was worried that it would block our balcony.

In the archive of various clubs “What? Where? When?" I dug up a lot of interesting information related to the symbols depicted on the Turkish flag - the star and crescent.

So:

1. Armenians and Turks, as you know, to put it mildly, do not like each other. So, when the coat of arms of the Armenian Soviet Republic first saw the light, an indignant response came from the Turkish government: “How can this be! The coat of arms depicts the symbol of Armenia, Mount Ararat, a geographical object located on the territory of another state,” that is, Turkey. :) The then Minister of Foreign Affairs Chicherin very gracefully parried this attack, answering:

).

(Source: Kisin B. Flags are flying // Philately of the USSR. 1970. N 10. P. 23).

5. The crescent was one of the attributes of the goddess Diana, who was considered the patroness of Byzantium. (Source: E. Sheinina. Encyclopedia of symbols. - M.: AST Publishing House LLC, Kharkov: Torsing LLC, 2002. - P. 9).

6. Considers the symbolism of the crescent even more deeply Jack Tresidderin bookse « DICTIONARY OF SYMBOLS»: “The crescent is the emblem of Islam, denoting divine protection,growth, rebirth and, together with the star, paradise.<…>The Latin word for half moon is similar in sound to the words for "increase" or "increase", which explains why the symbol was later used to denote Islamic expansion. The symbolism of the crescent moon contains not only the idea of ​​constant rebirth associated with the lunar phases, it also reminded the ancients of two horns put together - a direct symbol of doubling (it should be remembered that the horn is an emblem of abundance). Since the Crusades, the crescent has been an emblem opposed to the cross, and even instead of the red cross in Islamic countries, the red crescent is used.

7. I also found this legend. When Muhammad argued with the Quraish, they asked him for a miracle. Then he decided to show miracle from Allah: He held his finger pointing at the moon and it was as if he was cutting the full month in half. Since then, the crescent has reigned over Muslim mosques. In addition, it is believed that the founder of Islam, Muhammad, commanded that each new month, like the new year, begin only when the narrow crescent of the newborn moon appears in the west. To this day, in some countries, Islamic clerics blow trumpets or beat drums when the new moon appears so that believers do not miss this event.

8. The Muslim crescent has been contrasted with the Christian cross since the Crusades. After creating the symbol of the International Red Cross movement in 1863, the Ottoman Empire declared that it could not use a Christian symbol. They met her halfway. That's why in Turkey since 1876, instead of the red cross, a red crescent on a white background has been used, although it was officially recognized as a distinctive sign of medical institutions and units only in 1929 at the Diplomatic Conference in Geneva. Turkey was followed by other countries where the majority of the population professes Islam (Egypt, Iran, etc.). And in general, it turns out that the full name of the organization is International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Moreover, she has 3 characters, - in addition to the cross and crescent, there is also a crystal that appeared quite recently - in 2005 as a neutral symbol, free of religious overtones.

The flag of Turkey is a red panel, on which a white crescent and a white five-pointed star are placed, located in the middle of the flag, offset to the pole.

Red is the traditional color of Islam, and the same color was used by the Ottoman Empire, which formerly included Turkey, until its collapse in 1918. The crescent and star are ancient symbols of Islam and they are considered symbols of good luck. Red is also an important color in Turkish history, and the crescent and star, although symbols of Islam, were used in Asia Minor even before the advent of Islam.

A Brief History of the Turkish Flag

In its modern form, the flag of Turkey has been used since 1844, but it was officially approved only on June 5, 1936. Initially, the flag was a green panel with a crescent, but its design changed in 1793, when Sultan Selim III changed the color of the panel to red. Then, in 1844, a star was added to the flag. As is the case with many other old flags, there are also many legends surrounding the Turkish flag regarding its history and creation.

The red color of the Turkish flag originates from Umar, the ruler of the Arab Caliphate and conqueror of Palestine, Egypt and Mesopotamia. In the XIV century. red became the color of the Ottoman Empire. Crescent moon with star is a symbol of Islam.

It is noteworthy that initially the star was located inside the month, which is incorrect from the point of view of astronomy (the star in this case was covered by the invisible part of the Moon), therefore at the beginning of the 20th century, according to the requirements of astronomers, it was moved outside the month. Although at present the flag contains some astronomical discrepancy - the “crescent” does not represent the phase of the Moon (which we can observe from the Earth every month), but an eclipse of the Moon by an unknown object (in size and position of the orbit - not the Earth) of a round shape (which is unnatural for asteroids). In a word, such a Moon is impossible to observe from Earth now and was impossible to observe for thousands of years earlier.

Some sources indicate that the crescent, considered a traditional symbol of Islam, appeared on Turkish flags in the mid-15th century. after the victorious battle of Kosovo, others clarify that it was borrowed from the emblem of Constantinople (now Istanbul) taken in the city, others recall that the image of a crescent with the star of Jupiter was considered the horoscope of Sultan Osman (ruled in the late 13th - early 14th centuries) , was the family emblem of his dynasty.

True, stars appeared on Turkish flags only at the beginning of the 19th century, when they were seven- and eight-pointed. The five-pointed star appeared in the city. For a long time, the sacred green color of the Prophet Muhammad prevailed on Turkish flags; only in the city did Sultan Selim III order the red color to be legalized.

By the time of its collapse in the city, the Ottoman Empire had a flag on the red cloth of which the sacred image of a white crescent and a five-pointed star was repeated three times. The flag of the Turkish Republic is installed in the city, which still exists today. On May 29, it was officially approved in a ratio of 3:2.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the coat of arms of Turkey featured, against the background of military trophies, a shield with a golden month in a green field. The shield was crowned with the Sultan's turban. Decades have passed, Türkiye has become a secular republican state, and the sultans are a thing of the past in this country. Nowadays, both the coat of arms and the flag of this power have the same design - a golden crescent with a star on a red field.

There are many legends about the origin of these symbols. One of them is associated with the distant year 339 BC. e., when the troops of Philip of Macedon, the father of the famous commander Alexander, surrounded the city of Byzantium, as Istanbul was called in ancient times. The siege was long and bloody, the inhabitants desperately resisted, many people died in the struggle for freedom. Then the enemy decided to dig under the impregnable fortress at night. But suddenly, from behind the heavy clouds, a moon shone and a star next to it, repeatedly reflected in the pools of blood near the city walls. The watchmen on the towers noticed the enemy and raised the alarm. Philip's soldiers retreated with heavy losses, and the city was saved. In memory of this event and as a symbol of freedom from invaders, the crescent with a star became the emblem of Byzantium. Centuries later, in 1453, the hordes of the Turkish Sultan captured the city, and then the entire Eastern Roman Empire. The emblem was transferred to the banner of the winners, and since then the crescent with a star has been emblazoned on the Turkish flag.

Flag of the Ottoman Empires