Finland is Russia's neighbor, school report. Report: Finland Aurora in Finland

Official name: Republic of Finland (Finnish name Suomi).

Geographical position: state in Northern Europe. In the west it borders with Sweden (586 km border), in the north - with Norway (727 km border), in the east - with Russia (1269 km border). In the south and southwest it is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia of the Baltic Sea (1100 km of sea border).
The greatest length of the country from north to south is 1160 km, from west to east - 540 km. Finland includes the Åland Islands (Ahvenanmaa archipelago).

Total area: 338,424 sq. km.

Nature, climate: Most of the country is occupied by hilly moraine plains with numerous rock outcrops and an extensive lake-river network (188 thousand lakes with an area of more than 500 sq.m.). The highest point is Mount Haltia (1324 m) on the border with Norway. The land area consists of 68% forests, 6% cropland, 16% other land and 10% inland waters. The shores of the Baltic Sea are low and abound with numerous skerries and islands (about 180 thousand islands).
The climate is temperate continental in the east and north, changing to temperate maritime in the southwest.
The entire country is located north of 60°N, a significant part is beyond the Arctic Circle.
The average temperature in summer is + 18°, in winter - 6° in the south, - 14° in the north.
The duration of the polar day in the north is 73 days, the polar night is 50 days.

Population: 5.5 million people. 90.4% are Finns, 5.4% are Swedes, Russians - 1.1%, Estonians - 0.6%, representatives of other nations and nationalities - 2.5%. Population density - 17.7 people. per 1 sq. km. 67% live in cities, 33% in rural areas.

Official languages: Finnish and Swedish. English is widely used in business communication.

Religion: approximately 73.8% of the population profess the Evangelical Lutheran religion, more than 1.1% are Orthodox, 22.1% of the population do not belong to any church.
According to the Constitution of Finland, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, as well as the Orthodox Church of Finland, have the status of a state church.

Currency: Euro

Capital: Helsinki (628 thousand people).

Largest cities: Espoo (270 thousand people), Tampere (225 thousand people), Vantaa (215 thousand people), Oulu (198 thousand people), Turku (186 thousand people), Jyväskylä (137 thousand people). people), Lahti (119 thousand people) and Kuopio (112 thousand people).
The main population of the country is concentrated in the south, the population density in the north is extremely low.

State structure: republic.

Form of government: parliamentary republic.

Basic law of the country: Constitution of 2001.

Legislature: unicameral Parliament, 200 deputies elected every four years in general elections.

Executive branch: The supreme executive power belongs to the President, elected for a six-year term by direct universal suffrage.

The Government of Finland - the Council of State consists of 16 ministers and the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister of Finland is the leader of the party that won the last parliamentary elections.
The government - since 2015, consisting of representatives of 3 parties: the National Coalition Party, the Center Party and the New Alternative parliamentary faction.

Administrative-territorial structure:
Finland is a unitary state, divided into 6 territories: Southern Finland (administrative center - Hämeenlinna), Western Finland (Turku), Eastern Finland (Mikkeli), Oulu (Oulu), Lapland (Rovaniemi) . The sixth territory - Ahvenanmaa (Aland Islands, Maarianhamina) is an autonomy within Finland.
At the local government level, the country is divided into 317 urban and rural communes. The communes are united into 19 provinces. Municipal elections are held in the country every four years; the next one took place in April 2017.

Political parties (largest): Center Party, National Coalition Party, True Finns, Social Democratic Party and Greens.

Membership in international organizations:
Finland has been a member of the World Trade Organization since 1950, the UN - since 1955, the Nordic Council - since 1955, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - since 1969, the Council of Europe - since 1989, the Council of the Baltic Sea States - since 1992, the Barents Euro-Arctic Council - since 1993, the EU - since 1995.

Some important dates in Finnish history:
1155 - First Swedish crusade to Finland. Finland became part of Sweden.
1809 - As a result of the Russian-Swedish War, Finland became part of the Russian Empire as the Grand Duchy of Finland, while maintaining broad autonomy.
1917, December 6 - Finland declares independence.
1919 - The Constitution of Finland was approved, Finland became a republic.
1955 - Finland joined the United Nations.
1995 - Finland became a member of the EU.

General characteristics of the economy:

Finland is one of the highly developed small industrial countries. International studies in recent years show that Finland is one of the most developed and competitive countries in the world. Its advantages are political stability, highly developed infrastructure, accessibility and reliability of telecommunications, freedom of banking competition, a well-functioning system of cooperation between enterprises and universities, including the development of new technologies, a high educational level of the workforce and management, and ease of business activity.
Finland is among the leading group of countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita - according to data for 2016, GDP per capita (at current prices) reached 39,090 euros.
In the modern global system of the international division of labor, Finland specializes in several types of special mechanical engineering, metalworking, production of telecommunications equipment and mobile communications, production of wood products, pulp and paper industry, and shipbuilding (construction of cruise and Arctic ships).
The degree of integration of Finland into the world economy is high - the turnover of foreign trade in goods and services in 2016 amounted to 71.7% of the state's GDP, which exceeds similar indicators for most large developed and developing economies.
Traditionally, the main market for Finnish goods is European countries, in particular the member states of the European Union. At the end of 2016, the EU accounted for 59.2% of Finland's exports in value terms. In 2016, the negative balance in foreign trade in goods amounted to 3.2 billion euros. The difficult economic situation in the EU countries and Russia had a negative impact on the dynamics of export supplies of Finnish goods.
Among individual countries, Germany, Sweden and Russia traditionally claim the status of Finland's largest trading partner. In 2016, Russia took 3rd place with a share of 8.6% in Finland’s foreign trade turnover (Germany - 14% of Finnish trade turnover, Sweden - 11%, the Netherlands - 6.4%, China - 6.3%, USA - 5, 7%, UK - 3.9%), incl. 3rd place in Finnish imports and 5th place in exports. Finland accounts for 1.9% of Russia's foreign trade turnover - this is 15th place among Russia's trading partners. Finland ranks 12th in trade in services among the partner countries of the Russian Federation.

More about Finland: www.visitfinland.ru; www.info-finlandia.ru; www.finland.fi; www.finlandia.boom.ru; www.suomi.ru; www.visithelsinki.fi; www.ru.wikipedia.org; www.infofin.ru; www.finland.org.ru (website of the Embassy of Finland in Russia), www.vr.fi/rus (train schedule), www.aeroflot.ru; www.finnair.com; www.pulkovo.ru (flight schedule), www.hrs.fi; www.booking.com; www.helsinkiexpert.fi (hotel reservations).

Economy
see:

The directory provides information about the state and political structure and economy of Finland, its place in the system of international economic relations. Particular attention is paid to organizing business in this country and Russian-Finnish economic cooperation. The directory is intended for a wide range of specialists in the field of foreign economic activity, entrepreneurs, politicians, scientists, graduate students and students.

The publication was prepared by experts of the Trade Mission.

Ambassador of the Russian Federation to Finland- Pavel Maratovich Kuznetsov

Acting Trade Representative of the Russian Federation in Finland- Sergey Stanislavovich Sinelnikov

Ambassador of Finland to Russia- Mikko Hautala

Minister-Counselor of the Trade and Economic Department of the Embassy of Finland in Russia- Joonas Heiskanen

General information:

Finland is a state in northern Europe, bordering Russia, Norway and Sweden and having access to the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. The country's coastline is 4.5 thousand km, and the distance from the sea at no point exceeds 300 km. In terms of area (339 thousand sq. km), Finland surpasses such European countries as Great Britain or Italy. From north to south the country stretches for 1160 km, from west to east - 540 km. Almost 1/4 of its territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Finland is inhabited by 4.9 million people (1991)

The capital of Finland is the city of Helsinki. The head of state is the president. Together with the unicameral parliament, it carries out legislative functions. The parliament consists of 200 deputies, directly elected for a term of four years. The highest executive power belongs to the State Council, which is formed by the president and the government.

Administratively, Finland is divided into 12 provinces - Läni, of which only one, Ahvenanma (Aland Islands), with a predominantly Swedish population, has its own parliament (Landsting).

Nature: The nature of Finland amazes with its beauty and originality. Green forests, yellow squares of fields, mirror-like surface of blue lakes, fast rapids rivers, intricate outlines of sea shores - these are the touches of a portrait of Finnish nature.

The natural features of Finland are determined by its location in northern latitudes, on the Baltic crystalline shield and the influence of the sea.

The Finnish coastline is very dissected. Along the coast there are many small rocky islands - skerries. The skerry coasts of Finland are exceptionally picturesque and have many convenient natural bays.

The surface of Finland is flat, which facilitated its economic development. A third of the country's entire territory is located below 100 m above sea level. sea and only 1/10 - above 300 meters.

At the base of the country's topography lies the hard massif of the Baltic Shield, the surface of which was subjected to prolonged erosion. This ancient Precambrian basement is composed mainly of granites and gneisses.

The far northwest of Finland is a mountainous region with the peak of Haltiotunturi reaching 1328 m. It is part of the Scandinavian Highlands, formed during the Caledonian orogeny.

The surface of Finland is dissected by a system of ancient tectonic fractures, which in many places is accompanied by a mosaic of horsts and grabens. It is in tectonic basins that numerous lakes are located. In total, there are 180 thousand lakes in Finland.

The most fertile areas of Finland are composed of sediments from post-glacial reservoirs - clays, loams and sandy loams. Such areas are especially common in the coastal zone in the south and partly in the west of the country; in the interior regions, fine-grained sediments form the bottoms of drained lakes.

Finland has a variety of mineral wealth, especially metal ores. This country holds first place in Europe in terms of reserves and production of copper ore. There are significant deposits of iron, molybdenum and zinc ores, as well as vanadium and cobalt. Nickel, titanium, tungsten, selenium, silver and gold are found in the depths of Finland. Uranium deposits have been discovered. Among non-metallic minerals, there are large reserves of asbestos, talc, graphite, apatite, and various building and ornamental stones.

Despite its northern location, Finland experiences the warming influence of the Atlantic. Throughout the year, westerly winds with frequent cyclones prevail in the country. Average temperatures in all seasons are much higher than in more eastern regions at the same latitudes. In the south of Finland, winters are relatively mild, with frequent thaws, and summers are quite warm, while in the north, winters are snowier and longer, and summers are cool. In summer, the differences in temperatures in the north and south are not great. In the south of the country, the average temperature of the warmest month - July - is 17 - 18 degrees, in the center 16 degrees, and in the north 14 - 15. In winter, the contrasts are more pronounced: from - 4 on the Åland Islands to - 14 in northern Lapland.

The total amount of precipitation in the southern regions of Finland reaches 600 -700 mm per year, and in the Arctic Circle -400 - 450 mm. The country's west coast generally receives less rainfall than the inland lake regions. The wettest month is August, but in the southwest there is another maximum precipitation in early autumn, and in the north in early summer. The least precipitation falls in spring.

Population: Finland has a population of 5.06 million people (1993). Of these, urban - 62.5% (1993). For 94% of the population, the native language is Finnish, for 6.5% - Swedish. Finns make up a compact majority of the population in almost the entire country. Only in the Åland Islands and in some coastal areas of Pohjanm and Usima are Swedes predominant. In some northern and northwestern areas live the oldest inhabitants of the country - the Sami, who number more than 2 thousand. Lutherans predominate in religion, about 2% of believers belong to the Orthodox Church. The number of atheists is growing more and more.

The annual population growth in Finland averages 0.2%. The average life expectancy for men is 67 years, for women - 76.

The average population density of the country is 14 people per 1 sq. km, but its distribution is uneven. More than 4/5 of the total population lives in the southern district; here its density reaches from 45 to 80 people per 1 sq. m. km. In the central and eastern regions it decreases to 13 people per 1 sq. km, and in vast areas of the north - up to 1-2 people. Only 10% of the country's population lives north of the 65th parallel.

Finland report 3rd grade the world around us will briefly tell you a lot of useful information about the state of northern Europe. Also, a report on Finland will deepen your knowledge of geography.

"Finland" report

Finland is located in the northern part of Europe. Most of its territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle. The maritime border passes through Estonia along the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, and on land the country borders Norway, Sweden and Russia. The state is the fifth largest country in Europe.

Relief of Finland

Most of Finland is dominated by lowlands; in the northeast the mountains reach over 1000 meters. The state is located on an ancient granite bedrock, formed back in the Ice Age. The country is divided into 3 geographical regions: the internal lake system, the coastal lowlands and the northern upper reaches. On the border with Norway is the highest peak in Finland - Halti, whose height is 1328 meters.

Minerals of Finland

The country's mineral reserves are insignificant. Finland has developed deposits of granite, steatite, zinc, copper, vanadium, iron and nickel ores, chromium, slate, cobalt, apatite, asbestos, graphite, magnesite, talc and peat.

Water resources of Finland

There are 190,000 lakes in the state, the most famous of which are Saimaa, Päijänne, Näsijärvi, Oulujärvi. They play a fairly important role in Finland's water supply. The largest rivers flow in the north of the country. They include Oulujoki, Kemijoki, Tornionjoki. There are a lot of fish in the waters of Finland, so tourists from all over the world come here to fish.

Climate of Finland

Climatic conditions are determined by 2 factors. Firstly, the warm Gulf Stream current in central and southern Finland creates a moderate continental climate. High average temperatures prevail here. Secondly, the Arctic Circle. Influences the northern part of the country. In winter, the temperature can drop to 40 0 C, and the snow cover can be 3 m. These factors explain why in the north there is snow for more than 7 months, and above the Arctic Circle the grass is green for more than half the year.

Fauna and flora of Finland

2/3 of Finland is covered with forests. Southern and northern taiga forests, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved, grow here. The most common types of trees: elm, ash, maple and hazel, apple tree. Since swamps occupy a third of the country's territory, mosses, lichens, shrubs, and lycophytes are found here. The fauna, compared to other countries, is quite poor. The forests are inhabited by squirrel, hare, elk, fox, muskrat, and otter. In the eastern regions of Finland there are wolves, bears and lynxes. The world of birds is richer, of which there are more than 250 species.

The population of Finland ranks first in coffee consumption per person.
The country has the cleanest water in the world.
The state is famous for its free education, both for citizens of the country and for foreign students.
Finland is the only country in the world where news broadcasts are in Latin.
According to statistics, Finland is one of the most non-drinking European countries.

We hope that the report on the topic “Finland” helped you prepare for the lesson. You can expand the short report about Finland using the comment form below.

For many foreigners, Finland, which, by the way, the Finns themselves call “Suomi,” is the birthplace of Santa Claus, who lives on Mount Korvatunturi in Lapland. However, most tourists do not come to Finland to meet Santa Claus - they are primarily interested in Finnish nature, fishing, and first-class Finnish ski resorts.

Geography of Finland

Finland is located in Scandinavia in northern Europe. Finland borders Sweden in the west, Norway in the north, and Russia in the east. The Gulf of Finland separates Finland from Estonia. In the west and south, Finland is washed by the Baltic Sea.

86% of Finland's territory is occupied by forest, which is dominated by pine, spruce and birch trees. The Finnish landscape is mostly plains and hills with some mountains. The largest peaks in Finland are Mount Halti (1,328 m) and Mount Ridnitsohkka (1,316 m).

Finland is a country of “a thousand islands and lakes”. Indeed, this is a true statement, because Finland has 179,584 islands and 187,888 lakes. The largest Finnish lake is Saimaa.

Most of the Finnish islands are located in the southwest of the Turku archipelago, and further from the coast are the Åland Islands.

Capital

The capital of Finland is Helsinki, which is now home to about 600 thousand people. Helsinki was founded by the Swedes in 1550.

Official language

Finland has two official languages – Finnish and Swedish. The Sami language has a special status in the country.

Religion

More than 78% of Finns are Lutherans (Protestants), belonging to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. More than 1% of the Finnish population consider themselves Orthodox Christians.

Government structure of Finland

According to the Constitution of 2000, Finland is a parliamentary republic, the head of which is the President, elected by direct universal suffrage for a 6-year term.

Legislative power belongs to the unicameral Parliament (Eduskunta), consisting of 200 deputies. Members of the Finnish Parliament are elected for 4 years.

The main political parties in Finland are the Social Democratic Party, the Real Finns Party, the Center Party, the Union of the Left, and the Green Party.

Climate and weather

Finland is located at the same latitudes as Siberia and Greenland, but in this Scandinavian country the climate is much milder due to air currents from the Atlantic. The climate in Finland is continental and maritime in coastal areas. Winters in Finland are cold with a lot of precipitation (snow), and summers are warm.

The warmest month in Finland is July (average air temperature +22C), and the coldest months are January and February (average air temperature -9C).

Average air temperature in Finland:

January – -8C
February - -7C
March - -5C
April - +3C
May - +11C
June - +9C
July - +14C
August - +17C
September - +15C
October - +11C
November – 0C
December - -4C

Sea in Finland

In the west and south, Finland is washed by the Baltic Sea. The Gulf of Finland separates Finland from Estonia, and the Gulf of Bothnia separates Finland from Sweden. The temperature of the Baltic Sea largely depends on the warm Gulf Stream current. The average water temperature of the Baltic Sea off the coast of Finland in winter is about 0C, and in summer - +15-17C.

Rivers and lakes

Finland is a country of “a thousand islands and lakes”. There are 179,584 islands and 187,888 lakes in Finland. The largest Finnish lake is Saimaa.

Many tourists come to Finland to go fishing. Finnish rivers and lakes contain large quantities of grayling, rainbow trout, pike, perch, and whitefish. There are a lot of salmon in the rivers of Lapland. To fish in Finland, you need to obtain a special permit (you need to pay a certain amount of money for this).

But, of course, fish in Finland are also caught in the Baltic Sea (perch, sea trout, salmon, whitefish).

History of Finland

People appeared on the territory of modern Finland in the Stone Age. Around 5000 BC. people on the territory of modern Finland already knew how to make pottery. In 2500 BC. Agriculture appeared in the coastal areas of Finland. In the Bronze Age, the inhabitants of Finland had contacts with various tribes of Scandinavia, which is confirmed by archaeological finds.

Although Finland is located in Scandinavia, the ancestors of modern Finns can hardly be called Vikings. Historians consider the Vikings to be the military squads of the ancestors of modern Danes, Swedes and Norwegians.

In 1155, the first missionaries from Sweden arrived in Finland, and the country became part of the Kingdom of Sweden.

In the 16th century, Swedish was the main language among the Finnish nobility, and Finnish was spoken by local peasants. During the Protestant Reformation, Finns gradually became Lutherans. In 1640, the first Finnish university was founded in Turku.

In the 18th century, as a result of two wars between Sweden and Russia, the territory of modern Finland was occupied by Russian troops.

In 1809, as a result of another war between Sweden and Russia, the lands of Finland became part of the Russian Empire.

On December 4, 1917, after the October Revolution in Russia of 1917, the Finnish Senate signed the Declaration of Finnish Independence, which was approved by Parliament on December 6. Thus the Republic of Finland was formed.

From November 1939 to March 1940, the Finnish-Soviet war continued, as a result of which Finland had to return part of its territory to the USSR. Wanting to return lost lands and acquire new territories, Finland entered the war against the USSR on the side of Germany in 1941. However, in 1944 Finland emerged from the war and made peace with the USSR.

In 1955, Finland became a member of the UN, and in 1991 it was admitted to the EU.

Culture

Finland is the birthplace of Santa Claus (aka Joulupukki, in Russia and Ukraine he is known as Father Frost). Every Finnish child is sure that Santa Claus lives on Mount Korvatunturi in the city of Savukoski in Lapland. There are a lot of reindeer in Lapland. In fact, why shouldn't Santa Claus live where his reindeer come from?

Finns celebrate Christmas from December 24th to 26th. A traditional Christmas dish is rice pudding.

Now Finnish Christmas traditions have been borrowed from more than 140 different countries, and every year they become more and more popular.

Finnish cuisine

The main products of Finnish cuisine are fish, meat, mushrooms, potatoes, rye bread, vegetables, and dairy products. Swedish, German and Russian culinary traditions have had a noticeable influence on Finnish cuisine.

Mammi – oven-baked porridge with milk and sugar;
Kalakukko – fish baked in bread;
Mustamakkara – blood sausage with lingonberry jam;
Mykyrokka – soup with dumplings;
Lihapullat – salmon fish soup;
Perunamuusi – mashed potatoes;
Leipäjuusto – cow cheese;
Hernekeitto – dried pea soup;
Kaalikääryleet – cabbage rolls with beef or pork.

Traditional alcoholic drinks in Finland are Lakka (berry liqueur), Kilju ("homemade" Finnish vodka), and Sahti beer.

Sights of Finland

The Finns have always been very careful about their history. Therefore, we advise tourists in Finland to definitely see:

Cities and resorts

The largest Finnish cities are Helsinki, Tampere, Vantaa, Espoo, and Turku.

Finland is known for its magnificent ski resorts. Every winter, hundreds of thousands of tourists come to Finland to ski in this Scandinavian country. In our opinion, the top ten best Finnish ski resorts include the following:

Levi
Ruka (Hand)
Pyha
Yllas
Talma (Talma)
Himos (Himos)
Tahko (Tahko)
Pallas
Ounasvaara
Luosto

Souvenirs/shopping

Tourists from Finland usually bring products made of wood, glass, antlers and deer skins, scissors, clothes, dishes, glassware, Sami hats with national patterns, children's slippers from Lapland, Lapland folk dolls, Lapland sweaters and pullovers, plaid made of reindeer wool, Santa Claus figurines, Sami beads and bracelet, Finnish knives, Finnish fishing set, Finnish berry liqueur.

Office hours

Finland is Russia's neighbor School report 4th grade

Finland or Finnish Republic- our northern neighbor. It borders with Russia in the north-west, the length of the Russian-Finnish border is 1265 km.

The official languages in Finland are Swedish and Finnish. The capital of Finland is the city of Helsinki.

The area of the state is 338,400 square km, which is approximately 50 times less than the area of Russia.

The Finnish population is approximately 5.5 million people, which is more than 25 times less than in Russia.

This country ranks 64th in the world in terms of area and 113th in the world in terms of population.

The average life expectancy in Finland is 79 years, and in Russia 66 years.

The climate in Finland is moderate, softened by sea air from the Atlantic Ocean. The average air temperature is from -7-14 C in winter to +14+17 C in summer.

Finland is a neighbor of Russia, a country of swamps and lakes

Finland - Suomi - translated means - a country of swamps and lakes. The bird that is the symbol of this country is the whooper swan. Elks, reindeer, brown bears, and wolves also live there. Finland is one of the countries with the cleanest environmental conditions.

Finland is a northern country. 25% of its territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle; there is even a polar night lasting up to 2 months.

What is Finland famous for?

This is probably why the northern region of Finland - Lapland is considered the birthplace of Santa Claus.

What, besides Santa Claus, is this small country famous for?

Finland in 2010 ranked first in the list of the best countries in the world, in 2012. it was recognized as the most stable country in the world and the best country for motherhood in 2014. it also took 4th place in the ranking of rule-of-law states.

Finland ranks first in the world in paper production. The steel industry is very developed in Finland. And also the high-tech sector: production of Nokia equipment, Internet services.

Approximately 8% of the entire country is occupied by agricultural land. On them, farmers engage in agriculture and livestock raising.

Winter sports are developed in Finland: skiing, alpine skiing, snowboarding and hockey. At the 2014 Olympic Games, the athletes of this small country took 18th place in the unofficial medal standings and won 5 medals: 1 gold (in men's team ski sprint), 3 silver (2 in cross-country skiing and 1 in slopestyle) and 1 bronze (in hockey ).