The old name of the city is pike perch crossword puzzle 5 letters. Sudak is a beautiful resort in the southeast of Crimea

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the recipe for salting pike and pike perch, which has been used in Rus' since ancient times. Thanks to its long history, there is no point in doubting the recipe; it has been tested for centuries.

Initially, the recipe contained ancient weight measures, such as a pood, but we have modernized everything to make it simpler and clearer for you, dear subscribers and readers of this channel.

Since ancient times, pike and pike perch have been salted in Rus'

Ingredients

• Pike and pike perch – 5 kg;
• Coarse table salt – 1 heaped glass;
• Seasonings - any to your taste, but previously they added bay leaf, dry hops, cloves,
• allspice peas and ground black pepper.

Step-by-step preparation

Each fish must be cleaned, gills and entrails removed.

At the bottom of the container (previously these were wooden barrels or boxes), you need to pour a layer of salt. Nowadays, few people have a wooden barrel, so you can use a plastic container or an enamel pan.

Each fish must be thoroughly rubbed with salt inside and out, and then placed tightly in a salting container, sprinkled with a little of the selected seasonings.

The trick is to have the right amount of seasoning. For 5 kg of fish you will need 30 grams of hops and 30 grams of a mixture of other seasonings.

The fish was salted and compacted tightly in a container. Now let it salt for about a week in a cool place - a cellar or basement.

And then, do everything as usual - rinse under running water. Our ancestors washed the fish in the river and hung it in the shade or in a ventilated area.

The pike is almost ready! Very tasty

Drying time is determined at your discretion. Whoever likes it drier, let it hang, as they say, “until the last.” Those who like softer fish can safely remove them after 3-5 days.

Dried pike and pike perch are best stored in cardboard boxes or wrapped in newspaper. Again in a cool place.

A little more than thirty years have passed since the appearance of the first boilies for fishing for carp, carp, crucian carp and some other types of fish. An increasing number of fishermen, having become convinced of the effectiveness of this attachment, began to sculpt boilies for carp with their own hands. Manufacturers of fishing equipment also responded to this process by launching the production of related products for the production of tasty balls.

It is appropriate to make boilies with your own hands in the following cases:

• saving money;
• the ability to prepare bait for a specific body of water;
• creative motives, the desire to outdo branded attachments.

Before you make boilies, you need to select the main components for their preparation. Here's the main thing we need:

• dry base mixture - recipes for mixtures are given below;
• eggs - preferably the freshest;
• dyes - food dyes, at least from the Easter set;
• flavorings - chosen at the discretion of the fisherman, but the main preference is, of course, sweet;
• Protein supplements are an optional but desirable component.

Boilie base recipes

To begin with, we will give examples of the most common dry mixtures, on the basis of which boilies are made at home. Depending on the main component, they can be corn, wheat, soy or buckwheat.

• Corn flour - 400 grams;
• Soy flour - 200 grams;
• Semolina - 150 grams;
• Milk protein (sold in sports nutrition stores) - 100 grams;
• Hemp - 50 grams;
• Roasted sunflower seeds - 50 grams;
• Salt (preservative) - 50 grams.

• Corn flour - 300 grams;
• Milk protein - 250 grams;
• Soy protein (sold in large supermarkets) - 200 grams;
• Semolina - 150 grams;
• Salt - 50 grams;
• Roasted sunflower seeds - 25 grams;
• Hemp - 25 grams.

• Ground cake - 300 grams;
• Soy flour or ground soybean – 200 grams;
• Corn flour or corn flakes – 100 grams;
• Semolina flour – 200 grams;
• Powdered milk – 200 grams.

• Ground birdseed - 100 grams;
• Powdered milk - 100 grams;
• Rice flour - 100 grams;
• Wheat flour - 100 grams;
• Corn flour - 100 grams.

Composition 5: for dusty boilies

• Flax and hemp seeds – 300 grams each;
• Buckwheat – 500 grams;
• Corn flour – 300 grams;
• Semolina – 200 grams;
• Corn syrup (corn syrup or invert sugar syrup) – 500-600 grams.

In addition, the mixtures from which homemade boilies are kneaded and cooked include:

• ground biscuits;
• cookies or gingerbread;
• ground breadcrumbs;
• coconut flakes (for floating or dusting boilies);
• bran;
• fish protein;
• betaine;
• puffed rice (also used for floating or dusting boilies).

Compositions that include milk protein are intended for catching carp, carp or crucian carp in cold water, as the fish tends to get enough without expending a lot of its energy.

Mixtures with milk powder increase the buoyancy of boilies.

There is no need to blindly copy the above mixtures; it is better to constantly experiment, writing down recipes, the dates of their use, and the performance of the resulting baits on specific bodies of water in a separate diary. Then, having made certain conclusions, it will be possible to make boilies with your own hands for a specific pond and its inhabitants.

Flavoring and coloring of boilies

What smell a homemade boilie needs and what color to paint it, each fisherman decides in his own way. As a basis, you can take the aroma and color of factory boilies, which the fish prefer in this particular body of water. And by slightly changing the taste and smell of the product, you can make a truly killer attachment.

The choice of aromatics in modern fishing stores is huge. In addition, you can use the natural smells of berries, fruits, vegetables, honey, and so on.

Tools and accessories

In order to make it easier to make boilies at home, you need to acquire special tools. Here, manufacturers of fishing products took care of home cooks and established mass production of these devices. So, we will need:

1. Container for kneading dough. It can be found in any kitchen of a good housewife or owner.
2. Board for rolling out boilies. It is a wavy surface with grooves. It is advisable to have one board for each size.
3. Sieve.
4. Spoon.
5. A saucepan for boiling balls.
6. The stove is gas, electric or even wood-burning.
7. Microwave for making floating boilies.

In addition to the indicated devices, advanced carp anglers also have in their arsenal the following “bells and whistles”:

1. Dough mixer. It can be part of a food processor or represent an independent power tool.
2. A pneumatic gun with several replaceable tips of different diameters for squeezing sausages out of dough onto a cutting board.
3. Table for rolling boilies. This is the same board for rolling boilies, only big and on its own legs.

Manufacturing

The process of preparing boilies should begin with choosing a base mixture and composing it in the specified proportions. Then the mixture is weighed, and eggs are beaten by hand in a separate bowl at the rate of 8-12 eggs per kilogram of dry mass. Before mixing the eggs with the dry composition, you should add the flavors and dyes you prepared to attract wild and domestic carp or crucian carp.

Attention! Dry aromatics and dyes need to be added to the dry mixture, liquid attractants must be mixed with beaten eggs!

Now you need to gradually add the dry mixture into the egg mass, stirring constantly with a clean wooden spoon or spatula. Then we begin to knead the resulting dough until it stops sticking to our hands. This operation can be entrusted to a dough mixer if you have one.

From the kneaded dough we make sausages (those with a pneumatic gun squeeze them out) of the required thickness. Place the sausages on a table or cutting board across the grooves. Cover with a lid and roll it, gradually increasing the pressure, back and forth 3-4 times. The resulting balls, which, by the way, do not have to be perfectly round, are sent for final processing.

Final processing

Depending on how we intend to use the boilies in the future, the method of processing them depends.

Semolina boilies

Separately, you need to consider semolina boilies. Since carp fish are very fond of semolina, it is advisable to prepare mini-baits from this cereal and use it for fishing. First of all, this concerns roach or crucian carp, but carp, carp or bream are also not averse to eating such mini boilies; they are also called red mullets or pellets.

1. We take water and semolina in equal proportions.
2. Pour semolina into boiling water. At this point, the necessary flavors and colorings are added.
3. When the semolina has absorbed the water, remove the pan from the stove and begin to knead the resulting porridge: first with a spoon, then, as it cools, with your hands.
4. Stir until there are no lumps left in the porridge.
5. Roll out the resulting mixture on a table or board into balls of the desired size.
6. We string the balls with a needle onto a red thread and send them to dry. The red thread shows the best result in terms of catchability. The longer they dry, the stronger they become and the longer they do not get wet in water. The minimum drying time is two to three hours depending on the air temperature. The optimal drying time for semolina boilies is two days.
7. We cut the threads and tie their ends together with a double knot. When fishing, we will hook a hook to this thread.

You can store semolina balls at room temperature in a dry place. Over time they only become harder.

Fishing gear

Each angler has a different approach to choosing gear. Some people prefer to buy a fishing rod that is elegant in all respects, while others have one thought about this - the main thing is that the fish are caught, no matter what fishing rod. Both of these opinions are extremes on the issue of attitude towards gear, and the truth lies somewhere in the middle. Of course, you can still find anglers who catch salmon fish with a regular fishing rod, but still the trend towards spinning or fly fishing is more than obvious.

Before going to the store for fishing tackle, you need to have a few thoughts about your future purchase, because when you come to the store, your eyes will undoubtedly run away from the huge assortment. If you are just starting to learn the basics of fishing, then do not try to embrace the immensity and master all the methods of fishing and try all the gear. This is almost impossible, but turning your house into a warehouse is quite possible (if you have enough money, of course). To prevent this from happening, you need to at least theoretically examine several questions, namely:

1) what kind of fishing are you more attracted to?

2) what kind of fish will be your catch?

3) purchasing what gear is possible.

If a beginner has a choice between spinning and fly fishing, the choice will fall in favor of the first. Fly fishing is difficult to master, but it has a number of advantages in certain conditions. With fly fishing you do not need to make a lot of transitions from place to place, but it can only be used on open banks, not overgrown banks. It is better to fish hard-to-reach places in the reservoir using a spinning rod. There is practically no difference in catchability between spinning and fly fishing. There is an opinion that when fly fishing, large fish are rarely caught, unlike spinning, but this is a misconception. Whatever fish the fisherman focuses on, that’s what he’ll come across.

If it is not possible to purchase fishing tackle, then you can make your own. Some experienced fishermen customize the gear for themselves, but this is a lot of work, so it is better to purchase the main components - fly fishing cord, fishing line, rod, reel, and if you want to do something yourself, then you can make artificial flies and a small number of spinners by hand .

Spinning tackle

The required elements of spinning tackle are the rod itself, a reel with fishing line and a spoon. It must be remembered that the working condition of the spinning rod must be harmonious. In order to correctly select the required elements, for beginners we can recommend using the rule: if the expected catch weighs up to 2 kg, then you should use a light class of gear; for fish weighing from 2 to 8 kg, medium class gear is required, and if over 8 kg, then heavy class gear. Let's take a closer look at each class.

Light tackle class means a rod with a length of about 2 meters and light weight. The coil should be installed inertia-free, and it does not matter whether it is closed, half-closed, or open. For the class under consideration, inertial coils are completely unsuitable, and multiplier coils are also not the best option. The spoon should weigh no more than 15 grams, and the diameter of the fishing line should be only 0.2-0.3 mm.

The middle class is used most often and this type of spinning rod is considered universal. The rod should be rigid and its length should be 1.8 - 2.4 meters. This is the kind of rod that is suitable for spinners that weigh from 10 to 40 grams. The middle class is less restrictive for the fisherman in choosing a reel, and the use of both spinning and inertia reels is allowed. No one prohibits cartoons either. A fishing line with a diameter of 0.4 mm should have a reserve in the reel, and at least 100 meters.

The heavy class of tackle, as a rule, involves a two-handed fishing rod, the length of which should be at least 220 centimeters. You can use either an inertial or a multiplier reel. Large open spinning reels can only be used when the line has a diameter of less than 0.5 mm. For the heavy spinning class, 40 gram spinners are suitable. Line should only be used with a diameter of at least 0.35 millimeters.

Video about choosing a spinning rod

Coil selection

There is such a wide range of reels on the counters that it is very difficult to give preference to just one. Experienced fishermen are advised to choose open spinning ones, except when using a fishing line of 0.35 mm and above. In such cases, using multipliers is more correct. If the diameter of the fishing line is more than 0.25 mm, then using an inertia-free closed reel is strictly prohibited.

Any inertial reel, be it the most ordinary one or an expensive multiplier, has a big drawback: if you don’t swing it properly when casting, the spinner will not fly far, so a large amount of free space is needed. Inertia reels are also difficult to use in the presence of wind. With the help of a conventional reel, the speed of getting prey to the shore is greater, however, the danger of breaking the line is higher, so you should use a line with increased strength.

Multiplier and spinning reels are equipped with a brake lever that can be adjusted. Typically this lever is set approximately halfway from the line break. Thus, if the line breaks at 6.8 kilograms, then the brake is set to 3.5 kg.

Video about choosing a spinning reel

Choice of spinners

If you plan to catch fish from the salmon family, then you can choose absolutely any spoon - rotating, oscillating, and wobblers. If the type of spoon chosen is a “rotating petal”, then its weight should be up to 15 grams, and if you need something heavier, then you can use metal Devons. However, many fishermen do not abandon the rotating type of spinner even when a weight well over 15 grams is needed - they simply add a lead sinker.

Fly fishing gear

Currently, there are several fishing methods called fly fishing. The most famous is “household” fly fishing: you select a long rod, a slightly larger fishing line or cord, and also attach a hook with an attachment that imitates an insect (or the insect itself). Systems equipped with flies, such as "boat" or "water kite", are not fly fishing, but they are often confused. Also, a spinning rod with a heavy float and an artificial fly is not considered fly fishing.

Fly fishing has only three main components: a rod, a reel, and most importantly, a special line for fly fishing. It is for this purpose that the reel and rod are selected in a special way. Modern cords are made in such a way that there is a thread-like part in the middle, which is placed in a synthetic sheath. Fly fishing line is produced strictly according to calculations so that, having a diameter of up to 2 mm, it has specified weight indicators.

The weight of the cord depends on what materials were chosen when making the cord, which means whether it will sink or not. Based on this, fly fishing lines were divided into floating (F) and sinking (S). Cords marked S have a smaller diameter than cord F. They also differ in color: the floating one is painted in light colors, and the sinking one is painted in darker colors. Different lines have different shapes: cylindrical (L), torpedo (WF), tapered (ST), double tapered (DT). Thus, each fly fishing line has three characteristics, and if the package is marked DT10S, this means that the line is double tapered, weight class 10, sinking.

When purchasing, the question often arises: what shape to choose a fly fishing line? Even experienced fishermen do not have a definite answer to this question. Cylindrical cord is cheap and easier to use, suitable for both short and long-distance casting. However, the fly touches the water quite sharply, which can scare away the fish. To prevent this from happening, use a conical one: a smooth touch with the water, an excellent option for working with an average distance (about 6-15 meters). If the weather is windy and you need to cast over long distances, then a torpedo line is indispensable. However, ring casting with this line is very difficult to perform, it is expensive, and it is almost impossible to make it yourself.

Cords remaining on the surface of the water are used for catching fish rising from the depths of the reservoir, or if the fishing location is shallow water. Sinking lines must be used in deep water bodies or in rivers with high current speed. If the current is very strong, it is recommended to use sinking lines with a high sinking speed to the bottom and having a small diameter.

The external difference between fly fishing and spinning is noticeable even to a beginner. The first difference that immediately catches your eye is the different position of the reel seat - in a fly fisherman it is below the handle, at the very end of the rod. Fly fishing tackle has up to 8 guide rings, and their diameter is smaller than that of a spinning rod. Serpentine guides are also often used, but they cause big problems when casting long distances - the fly line gets tangled. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that each rod has its own weight class, and therefore it must be used only with a cord of a certain weight. If it is not possible to buy a separate rod for each class, then you can use three weights per tackle. For example, if a cord of weight class 7 is optimal for a fishing rod, then classes 6-8 are allowed.

A special reel for fly fishing gear is almost no different from conventional inertial reels. The role of a fly fishing reel is very small: it is intended only for storing fishing line and cord, and only in some cases is it used for its intended purpose. The drum is somewhat slow. This is done so that the cord comes out of the reel with some effort. Fly fishing reels come in different types and sizes. A specific reel is used for a certain class of cord.

Fly fishing gear, like spinning gear, is divided into 3 groups, and the weight values ​​of each fly fishing group are approximately equal to the spinning rod.

The first group is easy. The length of the one-handed rod reaches 2.4 meters, and the cord used is grade 4-6. The reel must correspond to the class of the cord.

The second group is average. The rod is up to three meters long, and the weight class of the cord is from 6 to 9.

The third group is heavy. A two-handed rod with a length of up to 5 meters is often used. The class of the reel and cord must correspond to gravity class 9-11.

When using fly fishing, only artificial bait should be used. Artificial baits are divided into three rather large groups: “dry” flies, “wet” flies and other fly fishing lures, including streamers and fly spoons.

Most often, an experienced fisherman uses a homemade fly.

Preparing a fly fisherman for fishing is always slowed down at the moment when you need to move on to the reel and line, because not many people know how to do it correctly, but there is nothing complicated about it. First you need to wind a fishing line with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 mm onto a reel, and a length of 100 meters will be enough. Then you need to firmly connect the fishing line with the cord, which also needs to be wound into a reel. After this, you need to fasten the leader with the leash and the fly to the cord.

A fly fisherman, like a spinning fisherman, cannot do without such additional items as a net, hook, pliers, a whetstone for sharpening a hook, and scissors. You also need to remember where the bait is stored. Many flies are small in size, so they need a tight and small box to store them. When fishing in inclement weather, waterproof clothing is advisable. The fisherman must prepare for fishing in the best possible way so that there are no distractions during fishing that can put him in a difficult situation.

Fly fishing video

Float rod

The float rod is the most used tackle. Its structure is intuitive and easy to use; it does not require any skills to cast.

Very often the rod itself is called a fishing rod, and this is incorrect. This is just a rod, a stick made of a special material that does not have any equipment. But a fishing rod is the name given to the equipment itself, which consists of at least a fishing line and a hook. A rod must be selected with a length of over 2.5 meters with sufficient flexibility and lightness.

The float rod is quite versatile. It can be used to catch any fish in central Russia if used correctly. The fishing rod can be successfully fished both from the shore and from a boat, in running or still water, at a small or large distance from the surface. It can be used from the opening of the river until freeze-up. The fishing rod is very simple and does not have any complex mechanisms, so you can make it yourself. The main components of a float fishing rod are a rod, line, sinker, float, hook, and leash.

Video about fly rod

Hook for float rod

Currently, there are many different hooks, however, ordinary single-bend hooks are in greatest demand. The width of such a hook is twice as large as their shank, and the ring head is bent inward. Of course, you can use other hooks, because each type of fishing requires a specific hook.

When using wheat and barley grains as bait, the most suitable hook is number 3-4, and if an earthworm or boiled potato is used, it is better to use number 10, which has a long shank.

For each fish you need to select a specific hook:

– for small fish or fry – No. 1-3

— small bream, crucian carp, roach, bleak – No. 4-6

– carp, bream, asp, carp – No. 7-10

- barbel, pike perch - No. 10-15.

Line for float rod

The big one in the float rod lies on the fishing line. It must meet a number of requirements:

- strength

— transparency, invisibility in water

- rot resistance

— uniform distribution of fishing line thickness

- no stains, bubbles, dark spots

- smooth surface

- round section

When fishing for small fish, you should refrain from choosing a thick fishing line, because it is very coarse and easily scares away the fish.

- if you are fishing for small fish, then a fishing line with a diameter of 0.1-0.15 mm will be more than enough

- for larger fish - 0.25-0.3 mm.

When choosing a fishing line, you should pay special attention to its color:

— in the daytime, a colorless line is desirable, because when viewed from below it is almost invisible

— at night you need to give preference to the dark color of the fishing line.

You also need to choose fishing line according to other conditions:

— if fishing takes place in peat quarries or snags, then it is better to choose a fishing line with a brown tint;

- if there are thickets of grass, then a fishing line with a greenish tint is preferable.

Line diameter depending on the type of fish:

- when fishing for crucian carp, bleak, perch - 0.15-0.18 mm.

- carp, bream, small carp or pike perch, large crucian carp - 0.2-0.3 mm.

- grass carp, pike perch, carp - 0.35-0.4 mm.

Large carp, catfish, silver carp, grass carp – 0.5-1.0 mm.

Sinker for float rod

The simplest sinker for float fishing rods is grain. Beginners very often use nuts and nails instead of pellets, which is the key to unsuccessful fishing. The structure of the gear (which is disturbed by random objects) greatly affects the catch.

Float for float rod

The float has two purposes: it holds the weight with the hook at the required depth, and also gives a signal to the fisherman that a bite is occurring.

Floats, performing different functions, are divided into several groups:

1) Float for small fish. These floats are very small and light in weight. Excellent for fishing for perch and roach at shallow depths and a short distance from the shore.

2) Float for fishing in the absence of current. Such floats are used for catching crucian carp and roach in calm waters. Their main feature is that in small currents they can be used at depths of up to one and a half meters. The main requirement for this type of float is a small protruding part and little resistance when the fish bites. Good floats have a spindle shape.

3) Float for fishing with a noticeable current. If there is a current, then it can be affected by water jets and whirlpools, which greatly prevents the float from performing its main function - signaling a bite. In order to somehow stabilize the float, we decided to use a barrel-shaped shape. Such a float is very difficult to lay on its side, and the large diameter prevents it from sinking under water in a whirlpool. It is easy to control and quite stable.

4) Float for long casts. This float is suitable in cases where the fish are concentrated far from the shore. Such floats are attached with a locking unit, have a large weight and a sliding shape. With their help, you can cast bait 20 meters from the shore. To add weight to the float, you can attach a metal keel to it. With such floats, a spinning reel and running tackle are desirable.

Rod

An important part of any fishing rod is the rod. Its main purpose is to deliver the fishing line, float, sinker and hook with bait to the desired place in the water, then hook the fish and deliver it to the shore.

The float rod must meet the following qualities:

- long (within reasonable limits)

Elastic but at the same time flexible

- durable

- light weight

- balanced

— the action of the rod should be of medium hardness

- pass rings required

There are two types of fishing rod designs: composite and telescopic. Composite ones have three or more elbows that are connected by metal rods. In telescopic designs, each elbow extends one after the other.

This pike perch is a strange fish.
Just when you think you know everything about him,
as soon as you buy 50 kilos of jig heads,
so he immediately presents another surprise.

Non-standard time
Once upon a time, in one smart book, along with recipes for the proper drying of hazel stems for a fishing rod, I read that pike perch is a crepuscular fish that bites at morning and evening dawns, and the largest specimens are caught exclusively at night. As for the rest of the day, “as the play progresses” the fishermen were asked to be content with only occasional catches of small individuals.

Of course, I, like many other fishermen, have more than once had to refute such radical statements of the author, but I would not rush to criticize him, since he worked in conditions of a global shortage of gear: Soviet industry, to put it mildly, did not pamper us with high-quality products for fishing. But has the idea of ​​this fish and the peculiarities of hunting for it changed now, in conditions of commercial abundance? Yes, of course, a lot has changed, but a certain one-sidedness in the approach to fishing still remains.

Take, for example, trolling enthusiasts (note that I wrote “amateurs” and not seasoned trollers). After all, it’s like this: if you catch it, it’s good, if you don’t catch it, it means the pike perch doesn’t bite. The weather is wrong, pressure and other global disasters are to blame. Well, a person can’t believe that pike perch won’t take a wobbler for 900 rubles. And the fact that it may not exist in this place at all - this option, apparently, is not being considered. How come it was there in April, but not in October?

Despite the fact that today's abundance of gear and fishing methods opens up new horizons for us in the hunt for pike perch, the rule “at the right time in the right place” is still more than relevant. But how can you get exactly where you need to be, and with the necessary set of gear?

It must be admitted that to this day pike perch is rightfully considered a twilight fish. But the old-fashioned statements that this fish is caught exclusively at morning and evening dawns are mercilessly outdated. As we have already said, pike perch can be successfully caught throughout the day. To achieve this, you need to slightly diversify your approach and draw the right conclusions based on external factors.

An indisputable fact is that pike perch has excellent eyesight. Moreover, he sees not only during the day, but also at night. This is possible mainly due to the structural features of its organs of vision: the retina of the pike perch’s eye contains a highly reflective pigment - guanine, which significantly increases its sensitivity. But the inability of pike perch (like many other freshwater fish) to constrict its pupils causes it to avoid bright light. During daylight hours, it goes deeper; therefore, attempts to catch it in shallow water are most often unsuccessful. Apparently, this is where the “bearded” theories came from that the pike perch does not take during the day.

Digression 1: standard gear. Heavy lures and the corresponding features of spinning fishing made it possible for the angler to provoke fish at great depths and at a significant distance from the shore. Jig baits have succeeded more than others in this. In the classic version, jig fishing does not require any in-depth analysis from the angler.

Well, judge for yourself: at great depths, the color of the bait is not decisive; flaws in the wiring are also unlikely to seriously affect the result. The specifics of this type of fishing do not impose any special requirements on gear. If the fisherman is not ready to spend more than necessary, then there is no need. A budget but high-quality fishing rod is quite suitable. Agree, with baits of 20-30 grams there is no need to demand increased sensitivity from the rod. Reliability comes first.

Of course, you will have to use a relatively expensive “braid”, but this is an integral attribute of jig fishing. To be fair, you shouldn’t demand anything supernatural from her. Getting personal, we can say that old Power Pro has not given up its position in this niche. Among the comparable priced new products that I was able to try, I can also highlight the eight-wire Power Phantom. As they say, it flies and holds. All these factors, combined with the comparative cheapness of jig baits, have made this type of fishing very popular in our country.

Non-standard place
There is probably no point in developing the topic of stepped wiring: we have all heard and read about this more than once. Much more important, in my opinion, is to address the need to be in the right place at the right time. Because although jig baits allow the angler to reach almost any predator’s hiding place, they do not by themselves collect fish around them.

Once, in the company of one of my good friends, I was fishing well for pike perch from a boat on the Yauzsky Reservoir. But the sun rolled over the horizon, and the bite gradually stopped. We went ashore, prepared camp and everything that contributes to a pleasant pastime at the table. But for some reason my friend decided to swim to the cherished edge even in the dark. The result is an hour and a half of wasted time.

And the reason is precisely that it is not the right time, although the place is very promising. But daylight hours do not always mean jigging and not always bottom layers. Sometimes, for one reason or another, fish feed in the middle layers or even closer to the surface. In bodies of water with standing water, this is most often caused by a phenomenon called a thermocline. I will not explain the nature of this phenomenon; enough is already known about it. And it is not as important as its consequence.

Also, one of the reasons that forces pike perch to rise high from the bottom is the movement of food objects - sprat, bleak or something else. Let’s immediately note the options for fishing with a balance beam or a jig with live bait. As for spinning fishing, we can say that the number one bait for such conditions is a wobbler. When changing these baits, you should select the most effective fishing horizon.

For example, last year on the same Yauzsky reservoir we successfully fished with wobblers with a depth of 3.5-4 meters, and the depth below us varied from nine to fourteen meters. In general, all you need to do is choose the right bait, and then fish either by trolling or by casting.

But, as we understand, this behavior is only one of many moments in the life cycle of a pike perch. And it’s unlikely to be possible to catch it with equal success in one place. Someday you will have to get out into shallow water, and in this case there will be much more requirements: both for gear and for the time of day. And the same applies to the rules of conduct on a pond.

The rules from the smart books of our childhood that pike perch is a crepuscular fish come in handy in a situation with fishing in shallow water. Remember my comrade, who in the dark unsuccessfully combed the dump from six to ten meters? And at this time, it makes a certain sense to look for pike perch at shallow depths, where its potential victims rest serenely, and where, as we have already understood, it sees everything perfectly. And, let me tell you, pike perch not only sees well, but also hears.

One night I, in the company of friends, caught a fanged one using wobblers. It was one of the nights of the long New Year holidays. And the Moscow River presented us with gifts in the form of small pike perch, but only until the neighbors appeared - the “wild division” in three cars with barbecues and fireworks. They tried to catch with a jig, while periodically illuminating the water surface with a very powerful flashlight. I think, since I started talking about this, you can guess the results of this fishing...

Pike perch, of course, is not the most careful fish in the world, but, nevertheless, when hunting in the coastal zone, it perfectly hears the consequences of the fisherman’s careless actions on the shore. Shining a flashlight into the water is also not recommended. I have heard versions from some anglers that the light from headlamps does not bother the predator. I won’t argue, I just want to note that my personal experience makes me think a little differently.

Unconventional attitude to bait
But, of course, following all the rules of behavior of a real Indian does not guarantee that the fish will definitely attack the bait. Bait - oh, what an important piece of equipment! I think many people have noticed during daylight hours how a predator follows the bait all the way to the shore, but does not take it. Surely they noticed, and I noticed too.

At the same time, it got to the point of ridiculousness: you lead an exact copy of a certain famous brand, and the fish either are not interested in it at all, or simply see it off, but as soon as you put the original, the bites begin. Of course, this does not apply to all copies and not to all brands, but nevertheless. And, as it turned out, the issue here is absolutely not about the brand, but this is a topic for a separate article.

Continuing the conversation about baits and unusual behavior of pike perch, I would like to mention about catching this fish from the surface. Not so long ago at the Moscow fishing exhibition, from the lips of one visitor, I heard not the most flattering reviews about such a bait as a walker. They say that there are almost no bodies of water around Moscow where it could be successfully used.

I assure you, dear readers, this is not at all true. Let's take, for example, the Moscow River. Of course, if you rinse a walker over some edge during the midday heat, the result is unlikely to be positive. But if you wait until nightfall and go out into the shallows, your chances of catching pike perch will increase significantly.

There are no special requirements for fishing tackle with walkers, but the baits themselves must be “long-range”. Of course, different places have their own characteristics, but, it seems to me, it will be useful if the bait can facilitate long casting. In this regard, the Japanese were more successful than others: lures from Megabass and Yo-Zuri helped me achieve success more often than others.

Regarding the wiring, we can say that it differs significantly from the classic options for this kind of bait. Catching pike perch with a walker is akin to “whisker” fishing, when the bait, under the influence of the force of the current, moves along the surface of the water along a certain trajectory, describing an arc, and the waves diverging in different directions from the bait look like long whiskers. And in the light of the stars only them are visible.

But still, catching pike perch with a walker is not quite the same. The wiring contains certain elements of animation - soft twitching of the rod tip, one might even say swaying. In similar conditions, good results for pike perch can be achieved using fly fishing gear. And I'm not kidding. And even winter is no exception.

Digression 2: standard equipment. Of course, the main fishing places during this period are non-freezing reservoirs. For example, I have the already mentioned Moscow River in its lower reaches more than once. Night fishing does not force the angler to stand in the middle of the river, pretending to be a forgotten buoy. In most cases, fishing takes place in the coastal zone, but you still have to go into the water.

It’s good if the place where you fish is familiar to you: then there are no problems. But if you study the features of the coastal bottom topography at random, then falling into the water is quite likely due to areas with steep clay edges. In this regard, I strongly recommend having two sets of clothes.

The places where I prefer to fish require waders, so I also have two of them. I don’t encourage you to go and spend tens of thousands of rubles on purchasing a second set, say, from the proven Simms. In winter, its “breathing” abilities are not as important as in summer. It is quite possible to get by with something more modest. In this situation, reliability is much more relevant. In winter, I even have the main set - quite a budget Alaskan, and Simms lies in my backpack as a spare one.

The success of this type of fishing largely depends on the correct selection of gear elements, since it is unlikely that it will be possible to disperse the line for a long time in the dark. In addition, the baits used, namely streamers, are quite voluminous, and when wet they are also heavy. Therefore, the best option, in my opinion, would be a relatively powerful rigid rod. At this stage, the ideal option for me is an 11-foot switch type 7th class rod.

It is better to use a cord with a short and thick head. Sinking undergrowth is most often not needed: at dawn and at night, fishing occurs either in mid-water or at the surface. You shouldn’t go too small with baits; the optimal size is 10-12 centimeters. Basic wiring - short, slow pulls.

Many, having read this article, will probably say: “Why do we need to reinvent the wheel, we have excellent fishing in our reservoir, sometimes it’s better, sometimes it’s worse, but it suits us.” Others will probably say that twice a year they go to the Lower Volga and have fun with this fish for the whole season.

This, of course, is also an option. But often, without realizing it, we go far away to go fishing, not because there are more fish there, but because our knowledge and skills are only suitable for those fishing conditions. And home reservoirs - perhaps no less rich in pike perch - stand and wait for us to diversify our approach to fishing and find the key to them.

(To be continued)

Interesting and eventful history Pike-perch, dating back to ancient times. Evidence of this are the towers and walls that remained untouched by time. fortresses towering inaccessible from the sea Fortress rock, built back in the 14th century by the Genoese.

“In all of Europe there are no more picturesque ruins: no Rhine castles can compare with them,” wrote the outstanding Russian historian and publicist M.P. Pogodin about Genoese fortress, which rose from the ruins of the ancient Surozha, on the ashes of ancient Sugdea. The wind of centuries is buzzing alarmingly in the fortress walls and loopholes. How many times in its long history the Genoese fortress in Sudak was strengthened, destroyed and again rose from the ashes. What names did it bear - Surozh, Sugdeya, and Soldaya... What tribes did not own it! Its stones remember the firm gait of the desperately brave and courageous Slavs. They have not forgotten the terrible Turkish invasions and wild Tatar raids. They could tell about Greek and Italian rule and much, much more...
But the history of the city is much older. Archaeologists believe that the city was founded in the 3rd century AD. From the chronicles of the Chinese traveler and diplomat Zhan Tsen, who visited these parts in 212 AD, it is known that even then Sudak became the western capital The Great Silk Road. Here the caravan route from India ended and the sea route to Europe began.

“What a diversity of tribes and peoples! What a clash of cultures of East and West, South and North!
And all this in one corner Crimea- Sudak, a picturesque ruined city of the bygone times of mankind..."

A. Bakshirov

The place names speak about the former significance of the city, its connections with the world of that time, Europe and Asia: Sugdeya, Sugdaya, Sidagios - among the Greeks, Surozh - among the Russians, Soldaya - among the Genoese, Sugdeets - among the Byzantines, Sugdak, Surdak, Soltak, Sudak , Sholtaya - among the eastern tribes - this is not a complete list of the names of Sudak in various historical periods and among different peoples. In Sudak and its environs, people lived at the dawn of the primitive communal system, as evidenced by archaeological finds - tools of labor of people who lived in the Stone Age.

By the mountain Alchak and cape Megan Bronze Age sites and settlements dating back to the 2nd millennium BC were discovered. Since the 1st century BC. on the coast and in the mountains Crimea Tauri tribes lived, engaged in hunting, fishing, hoe farming, and partly cattle breeding. In the first centuries of the new millennium, Slavic tribes began to appear on the Black Sea coast. Settled here, they mixed with nomads of other races who had previously come here.

In the 3rd century AD. Alanosarmatian tribes poured into Crimea. In the 5th century The ancestors of modern Armenians appear in Crimea. Later, the southern and southeastern parts of Crimea fell into the sphere of influence of Byzantium.
By the end of the 6th century, a Byzantine coastal fortification already existed on the territory of present-day Sudak. In the 7th century, the Khazars appeared in this part of the peninsula, and from the middle of the 8th century. Intensive immigration of Byzantine Greeks to Crimea began.

IN Sudak and its surroundings, a large number of ruins of ancient Byzantine temples and monasteries have been preserved. In the 8th century Sudak is already a fairly large city; a number of rural settlements are subordinate to it. It is also the center of the Orthodox diocese, which is headed initially by a bishop, from the 10th century by an archbishop, and even later by a metropolitan. Surozh became a major trading center, through which caravans of merchants from Western to Eastern countries followed. The famous traveler Marco Polo visited here, leaving memories of this city in his travel notes. Greeks, Slavs, Armenians, descendants of the Tauri and Scythians, Alans and other tribes lived here then.

In the 9th century Crimea entered the sphere of political and trade interests of Kievan Rus. Surozh’s connections with the Principality of Kyiv were reflected in the epics of the cycle “Prince Vladimir the Red Sun”.

In the eleventh century Crimea Polovtsians appear - nomads of Turkic origin. At the end of the 11th century. A wave of immigration of Armenians began, fleeing the oppression of the Asia Minor Turks, who enslaved Armenia. Armenian refugees - about 20 thousand people - settled in Sugdeya and its environs. The Armenians were excellent builders and left interesting architectural monuments. The monastery they created, Surb-Khach - "Holy Cross" near Old Crimea, is remarkable.

Surozh reached its peak in the 12th and 13th centuries. Between Fortress Mountain and Mount Bolvan there was then
a major trading port and Black Sea on the maps of that time it was called Surozhsky. In Port
ships land from Russian cities, from Western countries, from here they leave for North Africa, Asia Minor, India, China. From the West, French and English cloth, weapons, jewelry were brought to Surozh, and from Egypt and Syria - cotton fabrics, incense, and dates. From India - cashmere fabrics, precious stones, spices, from China - silk and gunpowder. Furs, leather, grain, linen, honey, wax, hemp, and construction timber came from Rus' through Surozh. Surozh merchants were received with dear souls everywhere, in Muscovy they were called “Sourozh guests”, and in Moscow and in Russian cities there were then “Surozhsky” (Surozhsky) shopping arcades, settlements appeared with the names: Surozh, Surozhik, Surozhskaya volost. During the campaign against the Mongol-Tatar hordes of Khan Mamai, Dmitry Donskoy took with him ten Sourozh merchants: they were to serve as translators in negotiations with the Tatars and be witnesses of Russian glory if the victory went to the Russians.

From the second half of the 12th century, Venetians and Pisans appeared in Sudak. They trade with Russian, Polovtsian and Central Asian merchants. But soon for Sudak, as for many cities and settlements Crimea, hard times began - the invasion of the Mongol-Tatars. Their appearance here at first was in the nature of short-term raids for the purpose of profit, but in 1223, pursuing the Polovtsy they defeated, the Mongol-Tatars broke into the Crimea and on January 27, 1223, they immediately took and completely plundered Surozh. Having increased their production, they returned to Central Asia, but 16 years later - in 1239. - reappeared under the city walls. Having barely recovered from the previous invasion, Sudak was again plundered and burned. However, now the barbarians settled in Crimea, which became an ulus (province) of the Golden Horde. The Tatars stationed their garrison in Sudak, leaving self-government to the local residents, imposing an exorbitant tribute on them. Trade fell into decline, as Tatars robbed merchants in the steppes. The conquerors constantly attacked Surozh, despite the peace agreements. So, in 1298 the Tatars massacred all the inhabitants, plundered and burned the entire city.

Surozh was subjected to such pogroms five more times in the 14th century. Some of the Tatars settle with Surozhe and some of them convert to the Christian faith (the Tatars were pagans, and adopted Mohammedanism in the 14th century). The Mongol-Tatars' raids on Surozh benefited its rival, the Genoese Cafe (now Feodosia), which became the center of Genoa's possessions in the Crimea at the end of the 13th century.

In 1365, the Genoese attacked Surozh, took it by storm and captured 18 villages in the area. The diverse population, the majority of which were Greeks, was no longer able to provide worthy resistance. After the fall of the city, the Genoese captured the entire coast from the Bosporus (Kerch) to Chersonesos (Sevastopol). Kafa became the capital of their colonies in Crimea, and Soldaya (the name the Genoese gave the city) turned into their fortified settlement.
The Kafa authorities prohibited Soldaya from accepting merchant ships, and all international trade was transferred to Kafa. No matter the period in the history of Surozh, Soldaya, this city has always been a trade, craft, and cultural center, and with the appearance of the Greeks and Italians here, it also became an area of ​​​​developed viticulture. And further Zander has always had the status of a military city. To protect himself from enemies, he needed powerful defensive structures.

Based on old fortifications that had stood for hundreds of years, the construction of towers and walls of the fortress, which is now called Genoese, began. On the fourteen towers there are heraldic slabs, on which inscriptions are carved, indicating in what year, during the reign of which “honorable consul and commandant of Soldaya” they were erected. The earliest surviving inscription is dated 1371, and the latest is 1414. On the territory of the fortress there are a mosque built in the 12th century that have survived to this day, the Temple of the Twelve Apostles, the legendary Watch (Maiden) Tower, the Consular Castle with two towers, in a small the courtyard of which contains the remains of unique frescoes.

Given the inaccessibility of the fortress, it housed a small garrison - only 20 hired soldiers, commanded by two subcommandants who reported directly to the consul, who also had the rights of commandant of the fortress. The garrison had a musical team - a flutist, two trumpeters and a drummer. Two gatekeepers ensured that the market gates opened and closed on time. At night, in addition to the soldiers, city residents also performed guard duty, for which they received material rewards. If necessary, eight mounted guards from the consul's personal guard were used as military force.

The “Charter for the Genoese Colonies on the Black Sea,” issued in Genoa in 1449, required that the garrison be in constant combat readiness. The Genoese were forbidden to leave the fortress at night. The charter required that the soldiers be hired, and that there should not be a single local resident among them. It was forbidden to take anything from the Tatars, invite them to your house, or enter into conversations with Tatar officials. Such harsh rules were explained by the fact that, despite the mutual interests of the Genoese and Tatars, the latter were not reliable partners. It didn't cost them anything to turn from friends into enemies. The history of Soldaya recorded a dozen major attacks on Genoese possessions at the end of the 13th and during the 14th centuries. But still, it was not the Tatars, but the Turks who put an end to the Genoese colonization of Crimea.

The Genoese found themselves under threat from two sides - from the rear, from land, they were harassed by the Tatars, and from the sea - by the Turks. In July 1454, a Turkish squadron appeared off the coast of Kafa. Its command, having enlisted the support of the Crimean Khan Hadji Giray, began plundering on the Black Sea coast. The Ottoman Turks captured the capital of Byzantium, Constantinople, exterminated the inhabitants and took control of the Bosphorus Strait. The Genoese colonies found themselves cut off from the metropolis, and trade with the Mediterranean almost ceased. The colonies became a burden to Genoa. On May 31, 1475, when a large Turkish landing was landed near Kafa, it was supported by the Tatars, who saw benefit for themselves in the new colonizers. The Genoese possessions came to an end. The Turks occupied the entire coast, and turned their recent ally - the Crimean Khanate - into a vassal. Under the rule of the new owners, Surozh lay in ruins even at the end of the 16th century. The economy of the once large city came to a complete decline.

After the Russian-Turkish War of 1768-1774. The Crimean Khanate was declared independent from Turkey. But the Turks continued to stubbornly cling to Crimea. To fight the Turkish landings A.V. Suvorov in 1778-1779. strengthened the coast. In particular, an artillery redoubt was built on the territory of the Sudak fortress. Later, the garrison of the Kirillovsky Regiment was located here (the remains of its barracks are still preserved).

With the annexation of Crimea to Russia, intensive development of this sunny region began. Catherine II generously distributed lands to her entourage. Prince Potemkin “gave” himself the best lands, including Sudak. With his characteristic scope, he ordered the best vines to be ordered from Europe and planted in Sudak, mulberry, almond, walnut, fig, and lemon trees were planted.
Sudak is becoming the center of vintage winemaking in Russia. And the famous winemaker Lev Sergeevich Golitsyn founded near Sudak, in the village New World Russia's first plant for the production of sparkling champagne wines, and in 1900, domestic champagne produced in the cellars of the New World received the highest award - the Grand Prix Cup - at the World Wine Tasting in Paris for the first time in the history of Russia. It was a triumph of Russian winemaking. Having fulfilled his patriotic duty, a prince by birth and a scientist by mentality, L.S. Golitsyn went bankrupt. The construction of wine cellars in Mount Kaba-Kaya and other works cost him his entire fortune. Lev Sergeevich died in 1916 and was buried in the New World. Today Novosvetsky Champagne Winery dates back more than 130 years, its collection wines have gold and silver awards and are known throughout the world.

Sudak of the early twentieth century is a small village, a place in Feodosia district, which came to life during the holiday season and during the grape harvest. Wine, grapes, fish, fruits, and building materials were exported from here.
At that time, about 2 thousand people lived in Sudak, mainly Russians, Armenians, Germans, as well as Greeks, Jews, Tatars, and Karaites.

I lived through a cruel, tragic time. Crimea during the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars.
In the post-war period Crimea rose again from the ashes like a phoenix. Winemaking was gradually revived, deforested gardens were restored, and new health resorts were built.

Now Zander- the center of the most unique in Crimea agricultural region for the production of vintage and champagne wines. Such famous brands of dessert vintage wines as “Black Doctor”, “Sunny Valley”, “Kokur dessert Surozh”, “Bastardo Massandra” are not produced anywhere else in the world except Sudak. Eight state farm factories (seven wineries and one essential oil plant) produce products that compete freely on the world market.
And, of course, Sudak is a promising resort city, a holiday in which is a real pleasure and leaves a lot of wonderful memories.

Have a nice and useful time recreation in this fertile land, dear guests of the land of Sudak! New and unforgettable impressions that will enrich you during exciting hikes and trips around the ancient and at the same time young Surozh!

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